National Agrarian University Research Articles

Architectonics of domed temples of modern Ukraine

The article highlights some results of scientific work conducted by the Institute of Architecture and Design of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Fine Arts and Design, Ternopil Pedagogical University, Department of Design Architectural Environment Lviv National Agrarian University and Art TheoryVasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University.Scientists study the art of temple building on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis was conducted based on reliable sources - archival, publications of leading scientists, their own field research. The method of field inspections included visual inspection of sacred complexes, architectural measurements, photography, sketches, etc. The aim of the scientific work is to study the genesis of the architectural and constructive creation of the sacral dome space through the tradition of Ukrainian shrines and the development of modern trends in temple building. Tradition is one of the most important components and means of creating Ukrainian church architecture. It is an expression of national features and characteristics, its identification. The most canonical type of Ukrainian churches is the cross-domes churches, which is associated with the adoption of Christianity. This tradition is closely connected with the liturgical process and is based on a combination of Eastern and Western building traditions. In figurative and compositional expression, the dome is dominant, and tectonic accent. The architecture of dome temples depends on the capabilities of structures and building materials, which are important factors in the formation process. The authors explore the traditional ways of erecting cross-dome temples on the territory of Ukraine, which are indicative and expressive features of Ukrainian temples. An important group of dome temples are buildings created in the modern period, when architects were looking for signs of Ukrainian national style. Particularly valuable is research related to the construction of neoukrainian traditional and neoteric temples designed by Ukrainian architects. Their planning and spatial decisions directly depend on new construction materials and design solutions. Some temples are described, which are an example of innovation, but at the same time are based on national traditions. Thus, the article examines the genesis of the creation and architecture of the Ukrainian cross-domed temples. Defined peculiarities of the search for national features and identification in the Ukrainian temple building in the interwar period was determined. Highlighted contribution of modern architects and designers to the process of revival of temple building in Ukraine.

Determination of antimicrobial and fungicidal properties of experimental disinfectant "Sukhodez"

The results of the study of antimicrobial and fungicidal properties of the experimental preparation “Sukhodez” against microorganisms E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Candida albicans in the laboratory are presented.
 The aim of the research. To study the antimicrobial and fungicidal properties of powdered disinfectant and analyze the prospects for its further use in a set of anti-epizootic measures in particular in poultry farms.
 Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2021 at the Department of Veterinary Examination, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Animal Products of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University. Evaluation of bactericidal properties of the experimental agent “Sukhodez” was determined on museum strains of E. coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, fungicidal properties were studied on fungi Candida albicans. All cultures were standardized to 109 CFU / cm3.
 Results. It is established that as a result of the conducted researches at studying preparation “Sukhodez” antimicrobic properties, it had high efficiency concerning action on strains of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It had a detrimental effect on bacteria when applied to concrete at an exposure of 1 hour with a rate of 75 mg per 1 m2, and had the same effect as when applied to a wooden surface, where it expressed antimicrobial action at a rate of 50 mg/m2 after 4 hours. When determining the fungicidal properties, it was found that when exposed to 5 hours, the preparation “Sukhodez” had an effect on study contaminated objects with a rate of 50 mg/m2, and with a rate of 75 mg/m2 inhibited the growth of fungi for 1 hour.
 Conclusions. It was found that the most sensitive to the preparation “Sukhodez” were the culture of Salmonella enteritidis – at a rate of 25 g / m2 and action on concrete and wooden surfaces, the disinfectant inhibited the growth of the culture when exposed to 5 hours, and at a rate of 50 g / m2 – for 2 years. Staphylococcus aureus was the most stable bacterial culture, so at a rate of 50 g / m2 on concrete and wood surfaces, bacterial growth was inhibited for 4 and 5 hours, respectively. At the same time, in the study of fungicidal properties, “Sukhodez” showed a fungicidal effect on Candida albicans when applied to a concrete surface at a rate of 50 mg / m2 for 3 hours, when applied to a wooden surface – for 4 hours.
 In general, at a rate of 75 g / m2, “Sukhodez” has an instant bactericidal and fungicidal effect on bacteria and fungi applied to concrete and wooden surfaces

Training of specialists in the field of “Fishing and aquaculture” at the Kyrgyz National Agrarian University named after K. I. Skryabin

The purpose of the article is to highlight the process of creating opportunities for training fish farmers in the Kyrgyz Republic. Now fish farming is developing successfully in the country, the issue of training specialists in this economic sector is relevant, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland provides financial support, and the specialists from the University of Eastern Finland participate in resolving this issue. The article outlines the problems of opening a new direction of training “Fisheries and Aquaculture” at the K. I. Skryabin Kyrgyz National Agrarian University (KNAU). For this, curricula have been developed to train specialists on two directions: specialists with a bachelor’s degree in fisheries and aquaculture management, and fish breeder technicians, whose training will be carried out by the college. The curriculum includes cycles of subjects for the study of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines, mathematical and natural science disciplines of the professional cycle; it defines goals, course content, a form of study and assessment for each subject; the complexity (number of credits) of the subject is determined. The article shows the process of formation of the direction and training of specialists in the field of fish farming. The authors of the article are members of a team of teachers who have been trained as future teachers of fish farming subjects. The article highlights the process of interaction of specialists of the University of Eastern Finland with the administration and teachers of KNAU in the FishEdu project. The result of this interaction was the opening of the direction “Fishing and Aquaculture” at KNAU and the specialty “Fish Breeder Technician” (in college).

Лікарські деревні рослини на території Луганського національного аграрного університету

Уперше визначено сучасне видове і кількісне представництво лікарських деревних рослин дендропарку Луганського національного аграрного університету. Встановлено, що нині на його території росте 4242 екземпляри лікарських дерев, кущів і ліан, що відносяться до 65 видів, 54 родів і 26 родин. Приведена кількість екземплярів кожного виду, зміст біологічно активних з’єднань і можливості застосування офіціальною і народною медициною. Вказано, що найбільшою таксономічною різноманітністю і кількістю рослин, що ростуть, характеризується родина Rosaceae. Домінуючим видом на території дендропарку є Aesculus hippocastanum. Лікарські деревні рослини можуть бути використані для попередження і лікування широкого кола захворювань, а також стати основою для створення «аптекарського городу» на території університету.

USE OF MICRO FERTILIZERS AND PREPARATIONS IN GROWING PEAS IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

The article highlights the results of studying the impact of foliar fertilization with microfertilizers “Nanomix”, “Rostock”, “Reacom”, “Kvantum”, bacterial preparations “Azotofit”, “Phytocid”, “Biocomplex-BTU” and “Organic- balance"”on the yield of peas Oplot. The field research was conducted under the conditions of the educational-scientific and practical center of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University of the Southern Steppe Zone of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental field is the southern blacksoil of medium-loamy weakly saline. For pea sowing, grainy sowing was used СЗ-3,6 ASTRA with a sowing rate of 220 kg/ha (800000 pieces of germinating seeds per 1 hectare). The depth of seed seeding was – 5-6 cm. Seeds treated with Vitavax200 FF disinfectant (2.5-3 l / t) were used for sowing. Different variants of applying preparations in the phase of branching, budding and joint processing of plants have been researched. The efficiency of foliar fertilization preparations on the formation of pea yield has been analysed. The maximum yield of peas was formed using foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Nanomix in the phase of branching and budding in conjunction with the biological product Organic-balance and was 2.74 t / ha. With the use of biologicals on the background of microfertilizer Nanomix, the best option for the formation of crop yields of peas (2.56 t / ha) was foliar feeding in the branching phase + budding phase. By factor B, the best option was fertilization with Nanomix in the branching phase + budding phase, with a yield of 2.63 t / ha, and among the biological products for foliar feeding was Organic Balance, which formed an average yield of 2.58 t / ha. Our calculated polynomial correlation-regression dependences of pea yield on the use of Nnomix microfertilizer and biological preparations at different phases of plant treatment have showed that there is a very strong relationship between these formulations, which have been taken for the research and the yield. The coefficient of determination (R2) ranges from 0.651 to 0.940 with the use of Azotofit, from 0.658 to 0.903 - Phytocid, from 0.687 to 0.706 - Biocomplex and from 0.922 to 0.956 - Organic balance varies from 0.651 to 0.956, which is on a scale Cheddock characterized by such a statistical relationship as medium and strong. As a result of our research on the use of preparations and microfertilizers for foliar feeding of vegetative pea plants in different phases of its growth, the best options were using microfertilizers Reacom and Kvantum in the branching phase and the tank mixture of microfertilizers Reacom and Kvantum with Biocomplex-BTU and Organic balance in the budding phase. These options provided a pea yield of 2.86-2.91 t / ha.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUAL FORM OF TRAINING OF HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATORS ON THE BASIS OF THE ALL-UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL CONSORTIUM

The current state of the higher education system in Ukraine is studied on the example of higher education institutions (HEIs). It is established that the effectiveness of the educational process is manifested in the level of training of a highly qualified specialist, who is competitive in the labor market. The dynamics of the number of applicants for higher education in Ukraine and the unemployment rate is analyzed; the relationship between these indicators is established. The main reasons for the mismatch of the level of educational services of educational institutions to the needs of employers are determined, which are due to inadequate funding of the education system, and, as a consequence, the low level of knowledge of graduates, which does not meet the real needs of today. It is established that the main reason for underfunding of the education system is the dominance of local budgets in expenditures for the needs of educators and lack of funds for implementation of educational programs, as well as non-fulfillment in full of state obligations in this area as a whole. The essence and features of the dual form of education are revealed, the substantive difference between traditional and dual forms of education is reflected, which consists in the fact that they have completely different planes of common interests. The relevance of the latter is substantiated taking into account current trends in the labor market and the adaptation of the domestic education system to the requirements of the European Union. The expediency of introducing dual education in the Free Economic Zone as a form of cooperation between educational and scientific institutions, production and business, and also an integral part of the formation of a highly qualified specialist, is substantiated. The main mutual benefits of the participants of the dual form of education and the forms of their participation in the educational process are listed. The effectiveness of the dual form of higher education has been proved on the example of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, which is a co-founder of the All-Ukrainian Scientific-Educational Consortium. The importance of the principle of student-centeredness as a key factor in the effectiveness of the education system as a whole is substantiated.

THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF GROWING ON FIELD SIMILARITY AND SURVIVAL OF CHICKPEAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article presents the data of experimental studies conducted during 2018-2020. The main task of the research was to study the impact of technological methods of cultivation on varietal technology of chickpea cultivation in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine given current trends in climate change. It was found that field germination varied depending on the pre-sowing treatment of seeds and varietal characteristics, and the survival of plants in the field – in addition to the studied cultivation techniques, also from the treatment of vegetative plants. It is established that the period of emergence of seedlings is extremely important in the formation of their survival rate, which will ultimately increase the individual productivity of plants and yields. Based on the analysis of the obtained indicators of field germination of seeds of chickpea varieties, it was found that the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on the studied indicator is not significant as the intensity of seed germination is due to endosperm, which contains its own spare nutrients. The relevance of the research is enhanced by the objectives of applied research performed at the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University at the expense of the state budget on the topic: «Development of methods for improving the technology of growing legumes using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations», (state registration number 0120U102034). Introduction of advanced technological methods of chickpea cultivation into wide production practice will allow to reduce the deficit of fodder and food protein, increase fertility and improve the soil structure to ensure the rational use of natural potential, which will further expand the sown area of legumes.

MODELO DE ECUACIÓN ESTRUCTURAL EXPLICATIVO DEL DESEMPEÑO ESTUDIANTIL EN LA ASIGNATURA DE ESTADÍSTICA GENERAL EN LA UNALM

The purpose of the study is to measure the adjustment of an explanatory model of student performance in the subject of General Statistics at the La Molina National Agrarian University (UNALM) through the statistical technique of Structural Equation Models. The proposed model considers four factors: student performance, teacher performance, personal perception, and past performance. Two assessment instruments are applied in the study, first to measure personal perception, and the second, is to measure teacher performance. Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient is used to verify the reliability requirement and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis to verify the validity requirement of the assessment instruments. In both assessment instruments indicators obtain to confirm their reliability and validity. The fit of the proposed model was verified using the goodness of fit indicators, finding that the proposed model had a good fit. Said adjustment improved through a process of modifying the model through the inclusion of the relationship that indicates that personal perception depends on past performance. It verified the modified model that among the factors: past performance, teacher performance, and personal perception, the former is a predictor of student’s performance. Also, in the modified model, where a new relationship includes, which was a past performance that explains the personal perception, this last relationship and the one that indicates that teacher performance explains personal perception were significant.

Participation in Higher Education Curricula Development in Armenia and Possible Effects for the Labour Market—The Case of an “Organic Agriculture” Master’s Program

Weak or unstructured stakeholder participation in higher education curricula development still remains a problem in Armenia. Change in outdated curricula development processes is needed, as they often do not meet students’ needs; do not adopt innovative teaching methods or tools; and do not fit the labour market’s demand. This paper traces the evolution of the participatory curriculum development process of the Organic Agriculture Master’s program at the Armenian National Agrarian University (ANAU). Prioritizing mainly qualitative methods of research, five relevant stakeholder groups with approximately 10–12 members each at varying levels were involved in this action research. Additionally, paper-based and online surveys were conducted with 290 ANAU students. The results focus on the conceptual mapping of the process of participatory action research, bridging its relevance to the Armenian labour market’s needs. Moreover, the results highlight lessons learned from the process—shaping them around significant theories for participatory action research—and underline the possibilities of the Organic Agriculture Master’s development process as a model program at ANAU and perhaps elsewhere.

Lviv National Agrarian University

Lviv National Agrarian University

Impact of lactic acid product on quality indices of raw meat for the smoked sausages production

Conducted research pertains to technologies of animal products processing and the development of biotechnological methods for stabilizing microbial and enzymatic biological leaven for meat.Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted in the conditions of the Research Institute of Food and Animal Processing Technologies and Laboratory of Microbiological Research Methods, Department of Microbiology of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Moisture retaining capacity and bacterial contamination of beef and pork were determined.Results. The effect of processing raw meat with lactic acid product – yogurt on the moisture retaining capacity was experimentally established. With the highest titratable acidity of yoghurt of 100-110 °T, the moisture retaining capacity of pork and beef was inferior to control on 2.13 and 1.29 % and amounted to 51.88 and 62.73 %. Under a titratable acidity of lactic acid beverage of 100-110 °T with total number of lactic acid bacteria on the surface of raw meat, it was 8.1×108 and 8.5×108, which prevailed samples with acidity level of 60-70 °T on 24.5 and 24.3 %.Conclusions. The results of studies have revealed the effect of processing raw meat by yogurt with different titratable acidity on moisture retaining capacity and bacterial contamination.

Диференціація вмісту хлорофілу, азоту та фосфору в листках сої різних ярусів

The article presents the results of determining the content of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of different tiers in soybean plants. The results of testing the working hypothesis about the relationship between chlorophyll content and nutrients are shown and data on the dynamics of their content in soybean leaves in the phases of bean formation, grain filling and the beginning of physiological maturity are demonstrated. The study performed during 2016 and 2017 in the field small-scale experiment of the Department of Agrochemistry of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. The soil is typical medium loam chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) with a humus content of 5.5–6.1 %, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen – 5 mg / 100 g, mobile phosphorus – 7 mg / 100 g of soil. Soybean seeds treated with the bacterial preparation rhizohumin before sowing. The content of chlorophyll in the leaves of plants determined by colorimetric method after extraction with ethyl alcohol; the total content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant samples is also colorimetric after burning the sample in sulfuric acid by the method of wet ashing. The results showed that during all the controlled phases of ontogenesis, the young leaves of the upper tier contained the most chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the leaves of the lower tier contained the least. The highest content of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus recorded in the leaves of the upper tier in the phase of bean formation, the lowest - in the leaves of the lower tier at the beginning of physiological maturity. No significant difference found between the control variant and the variants with the use of fertilizers. The method of applying the same dose of mineral fertilizers also did not significantly affect the studied indicators. This stated the presence of a characteristic feature of the accumulation and reutilization of nutrients in the leaves of different ages, located on different parts of soybean stems. A close direct correlation was found between the content of chlorophyll in soybean leaves and the content of nitrogen (r = 0.85) and phosphorus (r = 0.76). There is also a direct relationship between the content of nitrogen in the leaves of all tiers and the phosphorus content (r = 0.80).

Monitoring of parasitic diseases of dogs

During the study, dogs were diagnosed with the following helminthic diseases: toxocariasis, echinococcosis, uncinariosis, trichuriasis, capillariosis, dipilidiosis, which took the form of mono and mixed invasions.
 The aim of this study was to identify the intensity of helminth infestation of dogs of different ages and methods of keeping.
 Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted during 2018–2020 on the basis of the laboratory “Innovative technologies and safety and quality of livestock products” and “Veterinary Pharmacy” of the Department of Veterinary Examination, Microbiology, Zoohygiene and Safety and Quality of Livestock Products; epizootology and parasitology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University.
 In cities and villages, faecal samples were taken from dogs, taking into account the method of keeping (tethered or untethered) and their use (office, hunting, decorative, etc.), which were placed in airtight containers, labeled samples and sent to the laboratory for the research.
 The object of clinical and laboratory research were dogs aged one to seven years, admitted to veterinary clinics in the period from 2018 to 2020, with suspected helminthic diseases. Testing of dogs was performed by collecting medical history and clinical examination.
 Results. According to the results of the research, it was established that among helminthic diseases during 2018–2020 the following diseases were registered: toxocariasis, cestodes, uncinariosis of dogs. Among the blood-parasitic diseases for the period 2018–2020 were diagnosed with heartworm disease, babesiosis of dogs.
 Among ectoparathyroidism, the laboratory diagnosed demodectic mange, otodectosis, canine sarcoptosis, and carnivorous syphonepterosis. A total of 513 surveys were conducted in 2018, of which 80 were positive; for 2019–509, of which positive – 58; for 2020 – 488, of which 62 are positive.
 Conclusions. Intestinal helminthiasis has been found to account for the lowest proportion (11 %) of carnivorous parasitic diseases compared to blood parasitic diseases (19 %) and ectoparasitosis (70 %), but they are of great interest for study because of their significant epidemiological significance and may be the cause of disease in humans.
 It has been proven that helminthic diseases of dogs run as mixed invasion, and a minority of cases 31.7 % of cases run as mono invasion. Of the total number of patients with helminthic diseases, 73.4 % of the total number of animals were accompanied by other diseases of infectious and non-infectious ethology

Myronosets – a new productive and high-protein winter triticale cultivar, adapted to the woodlands/forest-steppe and forest-steppe of Ukraine

The creation of new triticale genotypes, the potential of which to a certain extent would meet scientific and production needs, will never lose its relevance.
 Purpose and objectives – to create a new productive and high-protein winter triticale cultivar, adapted to the Woodlands/Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Materials and methods. The breeding work to expend the triticale diversity was continued at the Educational and Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in 2007–2017. The control and environmental trials were conducted in 2009-2019 in the Woodlands (Polissya Institute of Agriculture NAAS (2007–2009); predecessor: seeded fallow), central Forest-Steppe (V.M. Remeslo Myronivska Institute of Wheat NAAS (2016–2019); forecrops: mustard, soybean, pea for seeds; Bila Tserkva NAU (2009–2016); predecessors: seeded fallow, potato), and northern Forest-Steppe (Institute of Horticulture NAAS (2016–2017); forecrop: perennial grasses). No mineral fertilizers were applied. No plant protection measures were taken. Hybridization was performed by manual emasculation of female components. Plants were pollinated by the twirl method 2–3 days after emasculation. The breeding material was studied in compliance with the guidelines of the All-Union Research Institute of Plant Breeding and the methodology of the state cultivar trials. Data were statistically processed, as B.А. Dospekhov described, using Statistica-5.5 and Excel-2003 software.
 Results and discussion. We focus on the importance of triticale for mankind both at the present and in the future. We retrospectively reviewed data on the creation of a new winter triticale cultivar, Myronosets. Bioecological features and morphological characteristics of the new cultivar are given. The grain yield and quality are also summarized. The article covers the quantitative parameters of dough and bread from Myronosets grain. We compared the yields, resistance to lodging, in-spike germination, resistance to fungal pathogens and unfavorable abiotic environmental factors in the new triticale cultivar and previously created ones.
 The data of the 2019–2020 state variety trials of Myronosets are analyzed, and they indicate that the new cultivar has a high potential in agroecosystems of the Woodlands and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Myronosets was found to be a source of the short stem (£90 cm) in subsequent hybrid generations.
 In 2008, interspecific hybridization within the notogenus × Triticosecale and double individual selection from F2–F4 hybrid populations derived from crossing (♀Avhusto x ♂Yahuar) x ♂K9844/93 followed by repeated improving selections in F10 allowed us to distinguish the best line, LCh97, which was later named as cultivar Myronosets.
 The new triticale cultivar can give > 7.5 t/ha. The average yield is 5.7 t/ha in the Forest-Steppe – Woodlands transition belt, 6.3 t/ha in the central Forest-Steppe, and 3.5 t/ha in the Woodlands. It is noticeable for high lodging resistance, high shedding resistance, low spike brashness, resistance to in-spike germination, complex resistance to Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm (8.5 points), Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer (9 points.), and Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (8.5 points) and to to the pest Mayetiola destructor Say (8.5 points), high frost tolerance, high winter hardiness, and high drought resistance (8.5–9 points). About 70% of plants survive the laboratory freezing at -18.3°C. The cultivar is also resistant to spring and autumn frosts (9 points).
 Myronosets plants were revealed to be able to regulate their performance under the influence of unfavorable extreme bio- and abiotic factors, leaving 3–4 (more seldom 1–2) fruiting stems, often 1–3 stems with underdeveloped spikes and 1–2 unfertile stems without spikes, which form a radical rosette.
 Conclusions. As it was shown in the state variety trials, Myronosets is a mid-protein cultivar and recommended for cultivation in agroecosystems of the Woodlands and Forest-Steppe. Myronosets was proven to be a source of the short stem

From the history of the Department of Zoology and Entomology named after B. M. Lytvynov of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaiev

The history of the formation and development of the Department of Zoology and Entomology named after B. M. Lytvynov of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaiev since 1840 is presented. The activity of the heads of the department and leading scientists in different periods is characterized. The scientific schools of V. G. Averin, A. A. Migulin, B. M. Litvinov, Ye. N. Beletskiy are described, which cover a wide range of issues of population dynamics of phytophagous insects, protection of fruit, cruciferous and other agricultural crops. The directions of research of the current teaching staff are highlighted.

Алелопатична активність водорозчинних виділень квіток Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) при інтродукції в Північному Причорномор’ї

The purpose of the article is to study the allelopathic activity of generative organs of Crocus sativus L. (saffron crocus) as a new promising crop for the agrophytocenoses of Ukraine, which has valuable properties and it is used in various industries: the official pharmacopoeia for the treatment of nervous disorders, cancer and the food industry as a valuable spice and organic dye. For safe cultivation of the crop and prevention of soil fatigue, it is necessary to study the effect of water-soluble flower secretions that remain in the fields after removing the stigmas of pistils. Materials and methods. The materials for the research were plants of Crocus sativus, grown on the plots of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University during 2019-2020. The research was conducted in 2020 on the basis of university laboratories. The collection of flowers and the study of allelopathic activity of water-soluble secretions were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that water-soluble secretions of Crocus sativus flowers and their parts at different concentrations stimulated the energy of seed germination and the growth of single-day seedlings L. sativum. There was a lower germination energy in the "perianth+pistil" variant at a filtrate concentration of 0.02%. With an increase in the filtrate concentration, there was a decrease in root growth for all variants except the "perianth+pistil" variant: the lowest decrease was at a concentration of 0.09 and the highest one was at 0.02 compared to the control (7.58 and 4.77%). The coefficient of variation in the root length of one-day seedlings of the test plant had a very high coefficient of variation (>40%) for all variants, except for the "perianth+pistil" variant, which was characterized by a high indicator. For perianth secretions, when the concentration increased, allelopathic activity increased from insignificant inhibitory activity (-0.98) up to stimulating activity (35.70). Other variants were characterized by an inhibitory effect. Conclusion. The growth of allelopathic activity of water-soluble secretions of flower elements at different concentrations can be depicted in the following order: for the perianth it was 0.01<0.02<0.09; for the flower it was 0.01<0.02>0.09; for the perianth and stamen it was 0.01<0.02>0.09, for the perianth with a pistil it was 0.01<0.02>0.09. The highest indicators of allelopathic activity of water-soluble secretions of flowers detected at a concentration of 0.02%

Cluster Analysis Of Triticum L. Samples Of Different Ecological And Geographical Origin

This research paper is devoted to the application of cluster analysis for evaluating samples of soft spring wheat by elements of crop structure. The purpose of the study is to analyse the intraspecific and interspecific variability of morphological features of samples of spring wheat of various ecological and geographical origin according to 8 morphological features. Observations were carried out in 2018-2020 in the training and experimental production centre “Doslidne pole” of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The cluster analysis of the collection of spring wheat samples, which included 76 samples of various ecological and geographical origin, allowed the study to assess the following features: the presence of awns, the colour of awns, the colour of ear scales, the pubescence of leaves, the pubescence of the subcrown internode, the pubescence of the ear internode, the colour of caryopsis, the colour of straw. The results of analysis of the phylogeny of various types of spring wheat by cluster analysis using morphological markers to determine homogeneous groups are presented, and the affected tree of systematic formation of clustering groups is established. Based on the cluster analysis, two separate groups of soft spring wheat samples were identified according to the complex of plant productivity elements. Samples are grouped into each cluster depending on the quantitative characteristics of the crop structure and their interaction with each other. In general, all samples over the years of study showed good results, namely based on “colour of awns”, of particular note are the samples of the Tr. persicumspecies. According to the results obtained, all samples have good indicators, and cluster analysis of soft spring wheat samples allowed identifying groups of plants that exceed the parent forms in the optimal set of economically valuable traits, which would allow for a more purposeful selection of valuable forms based on certain traits

IMPLEMENTATION OF PRACTICE-ORIENTED APPROACH IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE BACHELORS IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Modern trends in the labour market of Ukrainian agricultural sector place high demands on the professional expertise and training of future Agricultural Engineers. Agricultural sector of Ukraine is currently experiencing an acute shortage of human resources capable of adapting rapidly to new social and economic conditions, mobile and competitive in the world labour market. In this case, the development of professional competence is an important requirement risen for future Agricultural Engineering bachelors’ training. The article discusses the essence of the practice-oriented approach used for future Agricultural Engineering bachelors’ training and identifies effective practice-oriented technologies for their training future. The experiment was conducted at Hlukhiv Agrotechnical institute named after S. A. Kovpak, Sumy National Agrarian university. 90 undergraduate students, 15 university teachers participated in the study and 18 representatives of employers. The study was aimed at identifying effective training technologies targeted at developing Agricultural Engineers’ skills necessary in the labour market. In order to conduct experiment a questionnaire was developed to identify teaching and learning problems as well as students’ requests to improve the educational process. The survey also identified the most effective training technologies and those that didn’t find their widespread practical use.Practice-oriented technologies facilitate future Agricultural Engineering bachelors’ professional activities during their training in higher education institutions. These include contextual learning technologies, design technologies, case-study technologies, interactive technologies, problem-based technologies, portfolio-based technologies, master class technologies.

THE USE OF SMALL-FLOWERED CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN THE EXPANSION OF GREEN AREAS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Gardeners delight in hundreds of different types of chrysanthemums, often classified by criteria such as bloom time, shape, color, size and arrangement of petals. To simplify the process for home gardeners, plants are often divided into eight distinct chrysanthemum plant types. The results of the research on the application methods of small-flowered chrysanthemum varieties in landscaping of garden and park objects of Vinnytsia region are presented and the indicators of adaptation to growing conditions are determined. A decorative assessment of the varieties of the botanical species Chrysanthemum indicum L. grown in the conditions of the architectural and exposition area of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University was carried out. Peculiarities of phenological development of the studied varieties of small-flowered chrysanthemums such as Amiko violet, Axima yellow, Rowan improved, Camina red, Bigli pink, Tricky white, Elissa have been established. According to the results of phenological observations, the plants were grouped according to the timing of flowering. The morphological indicators of the studied varieties of small-flowered chrysanthemums are analyzed in order to establish the peculiarities of growth processes in the conditions of the architectural-exposition site of VNAU. The characteristics of varieties that are representative of a set of such indicators as plant height, shape of the bush and its foliage are described. Variants of using small-flowered chrysanthemum varieties for creating garden compositions and landscaping of garden and park objects of Vinnytsia region have been identified. The ability of small-flowered chrysanthemum plants to form shoots after overwintering has been established. The evaluation of varieties makes it possible to determine the main ways of future targeted creation and filling of the collection of garden chrysanthemums. It is established that due to the high intensity of flowering and the long flowering period in general, the studied varieties are highly decorative and are in demand in both industrial and amateur floriculture.

Influence of the prebiotic Bio-active on natural resistance, safety and productivity of young pigs

The primary task of the livestock industry is to provide the population with high-quality food products, and the industry with raw materials. For this, it is necessary to ensure a high level of productivity and safety of young pigs. Studies carried out in recent years indicate an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases among young farm animals, leading to a decrease in the immunobiological reactivity of the piglets' organism and significant damage to farms. When performing the research, we used zootechnical, zoohygienic, biochemical, immunological and variational-statistical research methods. Research work was carried out during 2010-2018 at the Department of Animal Hygiene and Fundamentals of Veterinary Medicine of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Scientific and economic experiments and production tests were carried out in the farms of Progress LLC (Uzin, Bila Tserkva district) and Denisenko LLC (Skvirsky district, Kyiv region). Experimental studies were carried out in the Problem Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Animal Hygiene and Fundamentals of Veterinary Medicine, interfaculty laboratory of biochemical and histochemical research methods. For the first time, the prebiotic Bio-active was used as a feed additive in the diet of young pigs on growing at industrial keeping, its positive effect on the safety, productivity, physiological and immunological state of their body was proved. For the first time, the optimal dose of the prebiotic Bio-active for growing pigs was established and a method of its use was developed. The optimal dose of the prebiotic Bio-active for growing young pigs is 5 g (5x107 CFU) per 10 kg of body weight when fed with compound feed once a day for 30 days, which contributes to an increase in the average daily weight gain of piglets by 17.2 % (P <0.01) and 16.6 % (P <0.05) on the 30th and 60th days of the study, respectively. Feeding pigs with Bio-active promotes an increase in the content of total blood serum protein by 7.2 % (P <0.05), albumin – by 5.2 %, γ-globulins – by 6.3 %, an increase in AST activity – by 23, 1 % (P <0.05) and ALT – by 22.4 % (P <0.01). In the peripheral blood of rearing pigs under the influence of the prebiotic Bio-active, the proliferation, differentiation and specialization of immunocompetent cells increase: an increase in the total number of T-lymphocytes by 5.43 % (P <0.05), B-lymphocytes by 2.85 %, a decrease in the content of 0-lymphocytes – by 8.29 % (P <0.05). The number of medium-avid T-lymphocytes also increases – by 9.19 % (P <0.05) and B-lymphocytes – by 10.28 % (P <0.05) due to a decrease in the level of low-avid immunocompetent cells. The use of the prebiotic Bio-active in an optimal dose promotes the activation of metabolic processes, antigen-nonspecific immunity and an increase in the body weight of pigs. Key words: industrial pig breeding, rearing young pigs, housing conditions, gastrointestinal canal, prebiotic, immunobiological reactivity, metabolism, safety.