Architectonics of domed temples of modern Ukraine

Abstract

The article highlights some results of scientific work conducted by the Institute of Architecture and Design of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Fine Arts and Design, Ternopil Pedagogical University, Department of Design Architectural Environment Lviv National Agrarian University and Art TheoryVasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University.Scientists study the art of temple building on the territory of Ukraine. The analysis was conducted based on reliable sources - archival, publications of leading scientists, their own field research. The method of field inspections included visual inspection of sacred complexes, architectural measurements, photography, sketches, etc. The aim of the scientific work is to study the genesis of the architectural and constructive creation of the sacral dome space through the tradition of Ukrainian shrines and the development of modern trends in temple building. Tradition is one of the most important components and means of creating Ukrainian church architecture. It is an expression of national features and characteristics, its identification. The most canonical type of Ukrainian churches is the cross-domes churches, which is associated with the adoption of Christianity. This tradition is closely connected with the liturgical process and is based on a combination of Eastern and Western building traditions. In figurative and compositional expression, the dome is dominant, and tectonic accent. The architecture of dome temples depends on the capabilities of structures and building materials, which are important factors in the formation process. The authors explore the traditional ways of erecting cross-dome temples on the territory of Ukraine, which are indicative and expressive features of Ukrainian temples. An important group of dome temples are buildings created in the modern period, when architects were looking for signs of Ukrainian national style. Particularly valuable is research related to the construction of neoukrainian traditional and neoteric temples designed by Ukrainian architects. Their planning and spatial decisions directly depend on new construction materials and design solutions. Some temples are described, which are an example of innovation, but at the same time are based on national traditions. Thus, the article examines the genesis of the creation and architecture of the Ukrainian cross-domed temples. Defined peculiarities of the search for national features and identification in the Ukrainian temple building in the interwar period was determined. Highlighted contribution of modern architects and designers to the process of revival of temple building in Ukraine.