Nanotechnology In Recent Years Research Articles

Nano‐assemblies based on biomacromolecules to overcome cancer drug resistance

AbstractOvercoming tumor resistance is one of the major challenges encountered in cancer treatment. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, nano‐assemblies have become promising candidates due to their strong potential to overcome the drug resistance of tumors. They have a high degree of adaptability, including size and composition regulation, surface versatility and the possibility of combining multiple therapeutic approaches through a single nanoparticle platform. Among multiple self‐assembled component materials, biomacromolecules have attracted ever growing attention because of their unique molecular structures, natural biocompatibility and multifunctional properties. Herein, various mechanisms of nano‐assembly utilization overcoming cancer drug resistance are first summarized, and then the roles and research progress of typical biomacromolecules (such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids) in nano‐assemblies capable of overcoming cancer drug resistance are described. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of the clinical application of biomacromolecule‐based nano‐assemblies are analyzed and discussed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Effect of Modified Carbon Nanotubes Epoxy on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Sheets

Today, using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets is one of the conventional methods in retrofitting concrete structures. Some factors affecting FRP sheets proper performance include mechanical properties, surface specifications, connector’s material and connecting approach in concrete elements. Previous studies showed that FRP epoxy resin and its basic surface have a significant impact on the ultimate bearing capacity. In line with the development of nanotechnology in recent years, this paper presents an experimental study to show the effects of adding the best percentage of nano-carbons to adhesive resin and evaluate the ultimate axial, shear and bending strengths in concrete samples. The results show that using FRP with carbon nanotube reinforced resins will significantly increase stiffness and ductility by 100%; moreover, it shows an effective increase of almost 13% in axial and flexural strengths of specimens.

Physical Enhancement? Nanocarrier? Current Progress in Transdermal Drug Delivery.

A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is a method that provides drug adsorption via the skin. TDDS could replace conventional oral administration and blood administration because it is easily accessible. However, it is still difficult to design efficient TDDS due to the high barrier property of skin covered with stratum corneum, which inhibits the permeation of drug molecules. Thus far, TDDS methods by applying physical stimuli such as microneedles and chemical stimuli such as surfactants have been actively developed. However, it has been hard to avoid inflammation at the administration site because these methods partially destroy the skin tissue. On the other hand, TDDS with nanocarriers minimizing damage to the skin tissues has emerged together with the development of nanotechnology in recent years. This review focuses on current trends in TDDS.

A REVIEW OF VARIOUS METHODS OF SYNTHESIZING NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

There is an increasing interest and need to develop a deeper understanding of the nature, fate and behavior of nanoparticles in the environment. This is driven by the increased use of engineered nanoparticles and the increased pressure to commercialize this growing technology. Nanoparticles are different from bulk particles in terms of their physical, chemicals and biological properties. Nanoparticles in their different size acts differently. Nanotechnology in recent years has had numerous applications in different fields such as industry, biotechnology, energy and environment. This paper presents a review of recent journals on the different methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their various applications. Metallic nanoparticles of gold, silver, manganese, zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide were synthesized using different methods which ranges from sol gel, precipitation, hydrothermal, chemical reduction to green synthesis. It was concluded that these synthesized nanoparticles have immense applications in the medical, environmental, agricultural and industrial sector.

Biocompatibility and Carcinogenicity of Carbon Nanotubes as Biomaterials.

With the development of nanotechnology in recent years, there have been concerns about the health effects of nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are fibrous nanoparticles with a micro-sized length and nano-sized diameter, which exhibit excellent physical properties and are widely studied for their potential application in medicine. However, asbestos has been historically shown to cause pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer by inhalation exposure. Because carbon nanotubes are also fibrous nanotubes, some have raised concerns about its possible carcinogenicity. We have reported that there is no clear evidence of carcinogenicity by local and intravenous administration of multi-walled CNTs to cancer mice models. We firmly believe that CNTs can be a safe, new, and high-performance biomaterials by controlling its type, site of administration, and dosage.

A Simplified Model for Buckling and Post-Buckling Analysis of Cu Nanobeam Under Compression

Both of Buckling and post-buckling are fundamental problems of geometric nonlinearity in solid mechanics. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, buckling behaviors in nanobeams receive more attention due to its applications in sensors, actuators, transistors, probes, and resonators in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and biotechnology. In this work, buckling and post-buckling of copper nanobeam under uniaxial compression are investigated with theoretical analysis and atomistic simulations. Different cross sections are explored for the consideration of surface effects. To avoid complicated high order buckling modes, a stressbased simplified model is proposed to analyze the critical strain for buckling, maximum deflection, and nominal failure strain for post-buckling. Surface effects should be considered regarding critical buckling strain and the maximum post-buckling deflection. The critical strain increases with increasing nanobeam cross section, while the maximum deflection increases with increasing loading strain but stays nearly the same for different cross sections, and the underlying mechanisms are revealed by our model. The maximum deflection is also influenced by surface effects. The nominal failure strains are captured by our simulations, and they are in good agreement with the simplified model. Our results can be used for helping design strain gauge sensors and nanodevices with self-detecting ability.

Application research of nanovideo creation technology in modern art

Nanomaterials are one of the new materials in the 21st century. When the size of the materials is at the nanometre level, they exhibit special physical and chemical properties that macromaterials cannot. At present, nanoproduct design has been widely used in many fields and shows unique performance advantages of nanoproducts. As the most promising material, it has characteristics that are difficult to achieve with ordinary materials. This paper introduces the special properties of nanomaterials, and lays the foundation for product case analysis. Nanoart is a branch of science and art derived from the development of nanotechnology in recent years. Since the development of this discipline is only a few years old, many related concepts and terms are not mature enough and have not been widely recognised by the industry. The paper analyses the definition of nanoart, art forms, and the concepts and words related to nanoart such as DNA art. Finally, the connotation of computer-assisted nanoart is also discussed. As an important form of nanoart, nanovideo has achieved rapid development in recent years. The level of creation of nanovideo works depends on people's understanding of the world of micro-nano, which is directly related to nanotechnology and computer technology. This paper gives the definition and classification of nanovideo art, introduces the creation method of nanovideo, and finally gives a brief description of nano online games in nanovideo.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA COATED MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Advances in nanotechnology in recent years has led to a number of diverse applications of nanomaterials. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), a representative of magnetic nanomaterials, has gained much attention of many researchers all over the world due to their unique properties such as superparamagnetism, biocompatibility and high magnetic saturation. With such properties, Fe3O4 NPs can be exploited in many fields, particularly biomedicine related fields such as cellular therapy, tissue repair, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia and magnetofection. However, owing to their self-aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs, it is necessary to coat Fe3O4 NPs with a stable and biocompatible silica layer. Therefore, in this report, Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized via a co-precipitation method using iron (II)/ iron (III) chloride, ammonia and trisodium citrate. Then, the silica layer was coated onto Fe3O4 NPs through the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol. The as-synthesized samples were charaterized with the infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results proved that silica was successfully coated on Fe3O4 NPs. The particle sizes measured by TEM were found to be about 12 nm in diameter for Fe3O4 NPs and 45 nm in diameter for silica coated Fe3O4 (SiO2@Fe3O4) NPs, while the dynamic diameters measured by DLS for Fe3O4 NPs and SiO2@Fe3O4 NPs were 15.7 and 65.8 nm, respectively. Both Fe3O4 NPs and SiO2@Fe3O4 NPs were superparamagnetic materials in which Fe3O4 NPs have higher magnetic saturation (45.8 emu/g) than the other (13.4 emu/g).This study examines the: ……...Advances in nanotechnology in recent years has led to a number of diverse applications of nanomaterials. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), a representative of magnetic nanomaterials, has gained much attention of many researchers all over the world due to their unique properties such as superparamagnetism, biocompatibility and high magnetic saturation. With such properties, Fe3O4 NPs can be exploited in many fields, particularly biomedicine related fields such as cellular therapy, tissue repair, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia and magnetofection. However, owing to their self-aggregation of Fe3O4 NPs, it is necessary to coat Fe3O4 NPs with a stable and biocompatible silica layer. Therefore, in this report, Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized via a co-precipitation method using iron (II)/ iron (III) chloride, ammonia and trisodium citrate. Then, the silica layer was coated onto Fe3O4 NPs through the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol. The as-synthesized samples were charaterized with the infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results proved that silica was successfully coated on Fe3O4 NPs. The particle sizes measured by TEM were found to be about 12 nm in diameter for Fe3O4 NPs and 45 nm in diameter for silica coated Fe3O4 (SiO2@Fe3O4) NPs, while the dynamic diameters measured by DLS for Fe3O4 NPs and SiO2@Fe3O4 NPs were 15.7 and 65.8 nm, respectively. Both Fe3O4 NPs and SiO2@Fe3O4 NPs were superparamagnetic materials in which Fe3O4 NPs have higher magnetic saturation (45.8 emu/g) than the other (13.4 emu/g).

Experimental investigation of thermal coefficient of the graphene used concrete

Today, fossil fuels are used primarily in energy production throughout the world. However, the ever-diminishing energy production and developing technology has encouraged energy recovery, saving or different topics. Grafen is one of the most remarkable studies in the field of nanotechnology in recent years. This nanotechnological product, considered as one of the mainstream products of future technology, has superior properties in some physical and chemical issues compared to many materials. Because of its high conductivity and durability, it continues to attract attention in energy and materials science. In this paper, the concrete samples obtained by mixing the graphene at certain ratios were compared with pure concrete (graphene free concrete) and the thermal conductivity of the grafen added concrete was determined. Finally, the thermal conductivity of the pure concrete (thermal conductivity of 1.3096 W/mK) added with 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr, 4 gr and 5 gr graphene were calculated as 1.6516, 1.6668, 1.6773, 1.8080 and 1.8486 (W/mK), respectively.

Progress in research on gold nanoparticles in cancer management.

Introduction:The rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years has fuelled burgeoning interest in the field of nanoparticle research, particularly its application in cancer management. At present, there seems to be heightened interest in the application of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to the management of cancer, encompassing diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. AuNPs could be used as drug delivery agents that target cancer cells or in gene therapy. These efforts are undertaken in the hope of revolutionizing current methods and strategies for cancer treatment. This review will focus on the current applications of AuNPs in cancer management.Objectives, data sources, study appraisal and synthesis methods, results:objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions, study appraisal and synthesis methods, results are not required, as the study will be a literature review. Just introduction, ethics and dissemination, and conclusion are applicable.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval and informed consent are not required, as the study is a literature review and does not involve direct contact with patients or alterations to patient care.Conclusion:AuNPs have many properties that are of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. AuNPs are small in size and can penetrate widely and deposit on the tumor site, bind to many proteins and drugs, target delivery drugs, and have good biocompatibility. The application of AuNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors is very considerable. In the near future, AuNPs will certainly play an important role in the treatment of tumors.

Advances in Nanostructure-mediated Hyperthermia in Tumor Therapies.

Hyperthermia has been proposed as a promising treatment modality for its advantageous profiles such as mini/non-invasiveness, good tolerability and cost-effectiveness. Quick development of nanotechnology in recent years has greatly broadened the application area of hyperthermia and endowed it with attractive new functions. This review aims to present an overview of different nanostructures mediated hyperthermia in terms of external stimuli source. We performed to review for the development and current status of nanostructure-mediated hyperthermia, by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database for identification of relevant articles. In the present study, the systemic results of hyperthermia mediated by nanostructures were researched, and five different kinds of external sources were found and listed in this review. The brief mechanism and commonly explored nanostructures were introduced and then combined therapies of nanostructure-mediated hyperthermia stimulated by different external sources were investigated. Finally, challenges with current nanostructures mediated hyperthermia were discussed in order to give advice to the future development of nanostructure-mediated hyperthermia. Despite all the achievements the new technology of nanostructure-mediated hyperthermia have made in pre-clinical animal experiments, there are still much to be pursued in the further development to be biocompatible, effective and precise.

Bakteriyel Yollarla Metal Nanopartiküllerin Sentezi

Metal particles reduced to nano size by nanotechnological methods are confronted in many different fields such as biomedical and physicochemical, pharmaceutical, electric-electronic, automotive and food industries. Nanoparticles can be produced using chemical, physical and biological methods, of which chemical processes are in common use. However, physical and chemical methods are not environmentally friendly and economical because they require the use of high temperature, high pressure and toxic chemicals. For this reason, interest in the production of metal nanoparticles by biological methods, also called green technology, an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach, has increased in recent years. With some plant extracts and intracellular and extracellular secretions of microorganisms, some reduction reactions take place and metal nanoparticles are produced. Bacteria have been actively involved in nanotechnology in recent years due to their diversity in nature, their ease of isolation, and ease of nanoparticle synthesis. In this article, production and application of metal nanoparticles by using bacterial methods have been reviewed.

Graphene and derivatives – Synthesis techniques, properties and their energy applications

2D nanomaterials with exceptional electrical, mechanical and thermal properties are promising reinforcing materials for fabricating high-performance composite materials. Rapid developments in nanotechnology in recent years have facilitated the development of advanced materials for functional devices. In particular, this review is focussed on the application of graphene nanoparticle-based composites (GNP's) and graphene derivatives in the fields of energy storage and conversion devices. This review focuses on these recent developments including the synthesis of graphene-based materials and its derivative, as well as the related achieved electrical, mechanical and thermal properties.

Heightening Awareness for Graduate Students of the Potential Impacts of Nanomaterials on Human Health and the Environment Using a Theoretical–Practical Approach

Rapid growth in nanoscience and nanotechnology in recent years has been accompanied by studies of the toxicity and potential impacts of nanomaterials on human health and the environment, but less has been done concerning education in this area. There is therefore a need for courses that address this theme at universities worldwide, in order to improve the training of students, stimulate research in this area, and make information available to the wider population. The present work proposes a model for a theoretical and practical course for graduate students, introducing basic concepts of nanotechnology, methods for the characterization of nanomaterials, environmental applications, and potential toxic effects of nanomaterials in the environment. The course includes five theoretical and practical topics: (i) nanomaterials characterization, (ii) practical approaches, (iii) environmental applications, (iv) nanomaterials toxicity, and (v) integrated studies. These are designed to provide the students with a clear understanding of nanoscience and nanotechnology, addressing the main aspects of toxicity of nanomaterials, their correlations with physicochemical properties, and potential solutions for environmental problems. The teaching model was delivered to Master’s and Ph.D. students in a graduate program in Brazil, with highly satisfactory results.

Advanced Photoacoustic Imaging Applications of Near-Infrared Absorbing Organic Nanoparticles.

Progress of nanotechnology in recent years has stimulated fast development of nanoparticles in biomedical research. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging as an emerging non-invasive technique in molecular imaging has improved imaging depth relative to conventional optical imaging, demonstrating great potential in clinical applications. The convergence of nanotechnology and PA imaging has enabled a broad spectrum of new opportunities in fundamental biology and translation medicine. This review focuses on the recent advances of organic nanoparticles in PA imaging applications. Near-infrared absorbing organic nanoparticles are classified and discussed according to their different imaging applications, which include tumor imaging, gastrointestinal imaging, sentinel lymph node imaging, disease microenvironment imaging and real-time drug imaging. The chemistry and PA properties of organic nanoparticles are discussed in details to highlight their own merits, and their challenges and perspectives in PA imaging are also discussed.

Most important factors of variability and uncertainty in an LCA study of nanomaterials – Findings from a case study with nano titanium dioxide

Various review studies about Life Cycle Assessment in the area of nanotechnology in recent years have showed the same challenges for a coherent and sound application of this popular sustainability assessment tool in order to evaluate the (ecological) sustainability of nano-enabled applications – the use of an adequate functional unit, respective life cycle inventory data as well as the related impact assessment factors, especially those concerning the toxicity potential evaluation.Hence, in order to apply Life Cycle Assessment in a more efficient way in the area of nano-enabled applications it would make sense to identify those challenges that result in the largest variation of the results; then these factors would deserve the highest research priority in order to reduce their variability and/or uncertainty. To this end, a case study using nano titanium dioxide in façade coatings was chosen in order to examine in a very systematic manner, i.e. by calculating in total more than 200 different scenarios, the influence of variations on all levels (i.e. the total functionality of the applied nanomaterial, the used inventory data, the released amounts of nanoparticles and the related characterisation factors for their toxicity assessment).An analysis of the results of all these scenarios shows that the main factor for variation (and thus for the overall uncertainty of final Life Cycle Assessment results) is actually an adequate (and comprehensive) inclusion of the functionality of the applied nanomaterial. The adequate setting of these boundaries in an LCA study influences in the end all the subsequent steps – and the more precision that is applied here, the lower the resulting uncertainty of the results is; precondition is, of course, that adequate inventory data and impact assessment factors for the respective nanomaterial actually exist and can be taken into account. In the end, research in the area of LCA and nanotechnology needs to head for a more broader knowledge on all levels, then only a combination of adequate information on all the levels (i.e. functionality, LCI data, LCIA factors) lead in the end to a coherent and sound assessment of a nano-enabled application with the functionality being responsible for the highest variability in the results.

Obtaining of Magnetic Polymeric Fibers with Additives of Magnetite Nanoparticle

Nanotechnology in recent years has become one of the most promising and fastest growing areas of science. As a result of availability, high adaptability to processes for obtaining and low toxicity to the human body iron oxide nanoparticles are promising materials for industry and medicine. Many uses of magnetite nanoparticles due to its special physical and chemical properties. Thus the use of magnetite as an additive to create a shielding material against electromagnetic radiation is of great interest of scientists. Using electrospinning method for the introduction of magnetic nanoparticles into the structure of polymer fibers opens up new possibilities for creating shielding materials from electromagnetic radiation. Electrospinning method allows the use of almost any soluble or fusible polymer. Due to this it will be possible to create protective clothing from electromagnetic radiation. Shielding clothing is also important for people with implanted (implanted) pacemakers - devices for controlling heart rate, because the operation of pacemakers may be disturbed by external electromagnetic radiation.

Tribological performance of nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives

The prospect of modern tribology has been expanded with the advent of nanomaterial-based lubrication systems, whose development was facilitated by the nanotechnology in recent years. In literature, a variety of nanoparticles have been used as lubricant additives with potentially interesting friction and wear properties. To date, although there has been a great deal of experimental research on nanoparticles as lubricating oil additives, many aspects of their tribological behavior are yet to be fully understood. With growing number of possibilities, the key question is: what types of nanoparticles act as a better lubricating oil additive and why? To answer this question, this paper reviews main types of nanoparticles that have been used as lubricants additives and outlines the mechanisms by which they are currently believed to function. Significant aspects of their tribological behavior such as dispersion stability and morphology are also highlighted.

Bioinspired synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using purple sweet potato root extract

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a promising synthetic strategy in nanotechnology in recent years. In this study, the purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root extract was found to have a new application for the synthesis of AgNPs. It is a natural, eco-friendly and low-cost procedure that uses purple sweet potato extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs showed remarkable broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against eight typical pathogens, including four clinic pathogens and four aquatic pathogens. Thus, the AgNPs synthesized with the help of purple sweet potato extract can be used as a powerful antibacterial agent and have great potential in different applications.

Leaching potential of nano-scale titanium dioxide in fresh municipal solid waste

With the rapid development in nanotechnology in recent years, the number of commercially available products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has increased significantly. It is expected that large fractions of these ENMs will end up in landfills for final disposal. Despite the wide use of ENMs, little data is available on their fate within landfills. This study examined the leaching behavior of nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2), one of the mostly used ENMs, in fresh municipal solid wastes (MSWs). Batch reactors containing municipal waste samples were spiked with a range of nano-TiO2 concentrations at different pH and ionic strength conditions. The Ti concentrations in leachate decreased rapidly and reached steady state after about 12-24 h. Results suggest that, for the environmental conditions considered, approximately 3-19% of the added nano-TiO2 remained in leachate. Batch tests conducted with individual synthetically-prepared solid waste components also showed low leaching potential (5.2% for organic waste, 3.3% for glass, 1.7% for both textile and paper and 0.6% for metal), indicating that all components of MSW contributed to the retention of the nano-TiO2 mass within the solid matrix.