Muscles Of Abdomen Research Articles

Anatomical observations on 30 cadavers: new insights into the relationship between the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and the cremaster

PurposeClarify the composition of the Posterior wall of the Inguinal Canal(PWIC), the location and composition of the Transverse Fascia(TF), and the tissue origin of the Cremaster(C) by observing the anatomy of the inguinal region of the cadaver.Methods30 cadavers were dissected to observe the alignment of the muscles and fascia of the inguinal canal and the anterior peritoneal space. the anatomical levels of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and the alignment of the Spermatic Cord(SC) were observed.Results(1) The posterior wall of the inguinal canal was white, bright, and tough tendon membrane-like tissue; (2) the transverse fascia was a thin fascial tissue with only one layer of membranous structure located in the abdominal wall under the abdominal wall on the side of the blood vessels of the peritoneal cavity; (3) the internal oblique muscle and its tendon membrane, and the transversus abdominis muscle and its tendon membrane extended on the surface of the spermatic cord, and fused and continued to the cremaster on the surface of the spermatic cord.Conclusions1. PWIC is mainly composed of Internal oblique muscle of abdomen (IOMA), Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle of abdomen (AIOMA), Transverse abdominal muscle (TAM), and Transverse abdominal aponeurosis(TAA) as the following four types: (1) TAM and AIOMA fused to form a tendinous layer; (2) IOMA and TAM form the posterior wall of the muscle in the PWIC; (3) IOMA and AIOMA continue in the PWIC; 4) TAM and TAA continue in the PWIC. 2.TF is a thin fascial tissue with only one layer of membrane structure, TF is not involved in the composition of PWIC, so this fascia has nothing to do with resisting the occurrence of inguinal hernia. 3. The spermatic cord that travels in the inguinal canal is fixed to the lower wall of the inguinal canal by the tendon membrane of the cremaster, which is organized from the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles and their tendon membranes, The inguinal canal is a musculotendinous canal.

Cherax destructor (Clark, 1836) and Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens, 1868): Biochemical parameters and preliminary analysis of food quality

The breeding of Cherax spp., initially conducted in Australia, has aroused interest in Europe and Italy over the past two decades. The use of these species in aquaculture has led to the study of their nutritional properties to evaluate the commercial potential and to identify biochemical haemolymphatic parameters which may be of use when monitoring the health status of farmed animals. Moisture, ash, lipid, protein and fatty acid contents of the abdomen muscle of Cherax destructor and Cherax quadricarinatus were evaluated in this study and compared with other crustacean species. Haemolymphatic levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured. The two species did not show significant differences in nutritional or biochemical haemolymphatic parameters (except for glucose) and were found to possess good nutritional values for human consumption.

Pilates method in low back pain: a randomized clinical trial

Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the Pilates ground method in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) in reducing pain, improve the functionality, strength of the transverse abdomen muscle and quality of life. Methods: Double-blind randomized controlled trial in the University clinic. Thirty volunteers of both sexes were allocated randomly to two groups of 15 participants each: Pilates (PG) with Pilates exercises, and Control (CG). The PG held 16 sessions of 60 minutes, held twice a week for eight weeks. Participants were assessed pre-treatment and post-treatment for pain (Numerical Pain Scale - NPS and McGill Pain Questionnaire -MPQ), functional disability (Oswestry), transverse abdomen muscle strength (TrA) by the biofeedback unit test pressure (BTP) (Chattanooga Group, Australia) and quality of life by Medical Outcomes Study 36- Item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in TrA (p < 0.001) and a significant reduction in pain intensity plus qualification (p <0.001) and functional disability (p < 0.001), as well as an increase in quality of life (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between functional disability and pain assessed by Visual Anagolic Scale (VAS) (rho = 0.773; p = 0.001), as well as a negative correlation between disability and quality of life assessed by SF-36 (rho = -0.589; p = 0.021). Conclusion: The present study suggests that Mat Pilates exercises may be a choice for the treatment of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Gallium 68-Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor: PET/CT Improves Diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis

F18-FDG (Fluorine18- fluoro-deoxyglucose) Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scan (PET/CT Scan) scan shows intense physiologic uptake in the brain parenchyma. This prevents evaluation of small cerebral lesions. Ga-68-FAPI (Gallium68- Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) does not localize in normal brain parenchyma. Hence, it can detect cerebral lesions which concentrate the tracer. We report a case of neurocysticercosis in a 32 years old female who presented with headache, nausea and one episode of seizure. MRI brain raised possibility of tuberculoma over neurocysticercosis. There was a hypometabolic area in the right temporal lobe as revealed by F-18-FDG PET/CT, with no FDG avid lesions or lymph nodes identified in the body. Ga68-FAPI PET/CT was performed which showed increased tracer uptake within the right temporal lobe lesion. A focal FAPI uptake was also noted in a tiny hypodense lesion in the left internal oblique muscle of abdomen, which showed signal characteristics of intramuscular cysticercosis on limited MRI study.

The Accumulation of Toxic Elements (Pb, Hg, Cd, As, and Cu) in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Qianjiang and the Associated Risks to Human Health.

Due to rapidly expanding crayfish consumption worldwide, the food safety of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is of great concern. China is the largest consumer and producer of crayfish globally. As of yet, it is unknown whether the main crayfish production cities in China are within safe levels of toxic heavy metals and metalloids. For 16 consecutive years, Qianjiang city ranked first in China in processing export volumes of red swamp crayfish. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the enrichment levels and associated health risks of the species in Qianjiang. In our research, samples of four crayfish tissues, including the head, hepatopancreas, gills, and muscles, were collected from 38 sampling sites distributed in Qianjiang to evaluate the concentration levels of five heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, As, and Cu). The concentration levels of all five metals in muscle did not surpass the national standard. Furthermore, eight significant correlations have been found. For further in-depth assess risk of crayfish in Qianjiang, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), carcinogenic risk (CR), and estimated maximum allowable consumption rates (CRmm) were evaluated in the abdomen muscle and hepatopancreas. The THQ values for each metal were found to be less than 1, while the CR values were below 10-6. Additionally, the CRmm for adults was determined to be 17.2 meals per month. These findings, based on the analysis of five metallic elements included in this study, suggest that the consumption of crayfish abdomen muscle in Qianjiang does not pose any significant health risks. However, it is noteworthy that certain regions exhibit elevated levels of arsenic in the hepatopancreas, surpassing the national standard, thereby rendering them unsuitable for excessive consumption. In general, the findings can be used to provide guidance for safe dietary practices in China.

The Prevalence of Responders and Non-Responders for Body Composition, Resting Blood Pressure, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Ten Weeks of School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents

Many observations have demonstrated great heterogeneity in the magnitude of the response to the physical exercise stimulus. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the prevalence of non-responders (NRs) in adolescents while considering health-related fitness measurements and other co-variables. Therefore, the aim of the current work was twofold: (1) to assess the effects of ten weeks of school-based HIIT on the prevalence of responders (Rs) and NRs for body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness, and (2) to assess the relationship of this prevalence with sex, body mass category, and biological maturation status, while estimating the likelihood of a response. Adolescents aged 16 years (n = 73) were included in the study. Waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), BP, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and musculoskeletal fitness were the primary outcomes. Co-variables included sex, body mass index (BMI), and maturity offset. The percentages of the Rs and NRs were analyzed based on changes (Δ) between post-intervention and pre-intervention values. The typical error (TE) method was used to identify Rs and NRs. Results showed a variation in the relative size of changes (% of changes) depending on the variable and sex. The greatest changes were observed in females’ abdomen muscle strength (Δ% = 23.89%), and the difference from that of males (Δ% = 5.98%) was statistically significant (p < 0.001) with very large effect size of (Cohen’s d = 0.941). Similar significant differences in relative changes were observed in body composition, but in the reverse direction. Males gained more from HIIT in the decrease in the body fat percentage (Δ% = −8.24%) and increase in skeletal muscle mass (Δ% = 3.38%) comparing to females (Δ% = 0.46, p = 0.040 and Δ% = 1.06%, p = 0.007, respectively). Effect size for body fat was small (Cohen’s d = 0.469), and for skeletal muscle mass it was moderate (Cohen’s d = −0.659). The results also showed positive significant differences in the prevalence of Rs compared to NRs in BFP, SMM, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), CRF, and abdominal muscular strength (ABS) (p = 0.047, p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.014, and p = 0.014, respectively). The effect was greatest and largest for SBP (Cohen’s ω = 0.67). Sex was related to the prevalence of Rs for ABS and close to significance for SMM. More males than females benefited from HIIT in SMM (p = 0.058), but more females than males had ABS benefits (p = 0.050). Males were more likely (2.5-fold) to be Rs than females in SMM. BMI was not related to the prevalence of Rs and NRs. Biological maturation was related to the prevalence of Rs and NRs in SMM (p = 0.036) and SBP (p = 0.016). In SBP, 100% of the early matured derived benefit from HIIT, but the effect size was small (Cramer’s V = 0.27). Those who maturated later were more likely (almost 70%) to be Rs. Thus, the HIIT program introduced to a typical physical education (PE) lesson can be considered partially effective. Therefore, there is a need to continue the search for an optimal and effective program for all health-related parameters. The close relationship between analyzed values and sex and biological maturation, but not BMI, indicates that the intervention programs should be tailored specifically for males and females.

New record of the larval trematod (Strigea: Tetracotyle) (Trematoda: Strigeidae) from the muscles of Ardeola ralloides in Basrah Province

A total of 23 specimens of Ardeola ralloides were collected from Al-mashab north of Basrah- and examined for helminth parasites. The loose fascia over the skin muscles of neck, esophagus, trachea, thorax and abdomen of Ardeola ralloides were found to be infected with Strigea: Tetracotyle, which is reported here for the first time in Iraq.

Lower-extremity muscle wasting in patients with peripheral arterial disease: quantitative measurement and evaluation with CT.

Lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in limb ischemia and is strongly associated with sarcopenia. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the association between the quantity of muscle mass in the lower extremities and the severity of vascular stenosis in PAD patients. Between January 2018 and August 2021, 128 patients with PAD and 53 individuals without PAD, diagnosed by computed tomography, were enrolled. The severity of stenosis of lower-extremity arteries was measured using a grading system. The muscle and fat mass areas were calculated in the abdomen at the L3 or L4 level, mid-thigh, and lower leg. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to clarify the risk associated with low muscle mass. The difference in muscle mass between PAD and non-PAD patients was evaluated by using propensity score matching. A strong positive correlation between the abdomen muscle area and leg muscle area was observed. The muscle area and muscle index of the leg were lower in PAD patients. These changes occurred earlier than in the abdomen muscle area. The group with more severe artery stenosis had more muscle wasting in the lower extremities. Greater age, female, lower BMI, and PAD were associated with low muscle mass. After propensity score matching, the leg muscle area was still lower in PAD patients. There is a direct association between PAD and regional muscle wasting. This occurs earlier regionally in the lower extremities than in central muscles. Early diagnosis of PAD might prevent progressive muscle loss, improving disease outcome and quality of life. • Peripheral arterial disease is strongly associated with sarcopenia. • Muscle wasting in the lower extremities is earlier and more prominent than that in the abdomen. • More severe arterial stenoses are associated with higher muscle wasting in the lower extremities.

Improved abdomen muscle activity with interferential current therapy in cerebral palsy with constipation: a randomized controlled trial study

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience many comorbidities, such as constipation. Pain and discomfort that often accompany constipation have an impact on behavior and decrease quality of life. Abdominal muscle weakness can cause a low increase in intra-abdominal pressure so that the expulsive force during defecation is not adequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of interferential current (IFC) therapy on standard therapy (lactulose) on abdominal muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with constipation. Methods: This research is a true experimental study with pre and post-test randomized control group design. Subjects were 18 children with CP who were constipated according to the ROMA IV criteria, which were divided into two groups, namely the control group who received standard therapy (lactulose) and the intervention group who received lactulose plus IFC therapy with a frequency of 4000-4100 Hz, duration 20 minutes, 3 times a week for 1 month. The parameters evaluated in this study were the value of abdominal muscle activity at rest and during contraction. Measurements were carried out twice, before and one week after the completion of the IFC therapy series. Data were analyzed computerized with SPSS v20.0. Results: There was a significant decrease in abdominal muscle activity at rest (P= .024) in the treatment group, while there was an insignificant increase in the control group (P= 0,266). The abdominal muscle activity during contraction in the treatment group showed a greater increase (P= 0.730) than in the control group (P= 0.831). The effect size in the treatment group is 0.2, which means it has a small effect, while in the control group is 0.1, which means it has no effect. Conclusion: The addition of IFC to standard therapy (lactulose) can improve abdominal muscle activity so that IFC can be an alternative supporting therapy in cerebral palsy with constipation to provide a good clinical response.

Physicochemical parameters and nutritional profile of back and abdomen muscle of fresh golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus).

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) has widely been distributed in China and Southeast Asian countries with great commercial importance. In this study, the nutritional profiles, chemical and physical parameters of back and abdomen muscles were determined. Significantly different (p < .05) proximate compositions were found in two fish muscles. The contents of water-soluble protein, salt-soluble protein, and non-nitrogenous protein were higher in the golden pompano while salt-insoluble proteins were higher in the hybrid grouper. The main minerals found were K (3700.56-4495.57 μg/g) followed by P > Na > Mg > and Ca, respectively. Fatty acids contents consisted of polyunsaturated fatty acids ranging from 29.40% to 43.09% and saturated fatty acids 28.33% to 39.61%. The muscles were rich in n-3 PUFAs with n-6/n-3 ratio of 1.36%-2.96% in the back and abdomen. On the other hand, total amino acid and non-essential amino acid contents were found higher in the hybrid grouper while essential amino acid and delicious amino acid contents were higher in the golden pompano. Glutamic acid was the most predominant amino acid. The amino acid scores (AAS) of six amino acids were close to 1.00, whereas lysine showed the highest AAS while tryptophan was the most limited essential amino acid in all muscles, respectively. These results indicated golden pompano and hybrid grouper exhibited a varied nutritional composition and offered a good nutritional profile.

Prehabilitation in Patients before Major Surgery: A Review Article

length of stay; mental health; nutrients; preoperative exercise; smoking cessation.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises versus Pilates Exercises on Urinary Incontinence in Middle Aged Women”. Randomized Controlled Trial. RCT

Often impacting elderly women, the urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary urine loss. Objective: The purpose of this study was to see the comparative effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise with pilates training for treatment of urinary incontinence. Methods: The study's 36 patients who met the eligibility requirements were accepted. Prior to conducting any examinations, we obtained written informed consents from each participant. Patients with urinary incontinence were divided randomly into two groups. In ‘group A’ pelvic floor muscle exercises were applied while in ‘group B’ pilates training was applied. Allocation of patients in two groups was done by computerised generated list. Both groups received conventional therapy, which was the same throughout the study. The conventional therapy includes adductor strengthening of thigh and hot pack for 15 minutes. Group A received conventional therapy and pelvic floor muscle exercise while group B received conventional therapy and pilates training. Treatment frequency was 2 times a week. The duration of treatment was 6 weeks in both groups. Each patient's informed consent was obtained before the questionnaire was filled out. Scores were derived using the Questionnaire for Female Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ). Results: Patients in group A significantly outperformed those in group B. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is superior than practicing pilates for treating stress urine incontinence. Pelvic floor exercises not only improved the urine leakage problem but also strengthened the muscle of abdomen and pelvis. So these exercises programs should be included in treatment plans along with medications in public health care for the welfare of patients.

Comparison of Biochemical Composition and Non-Volatile Taste Active Compounds of Back and Abdominal Muscles in Three Marine Perciform Fishes, Chromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus akaara and Acanthopagrus schlegelii.

Humpback grouper Chromileptes altivelis (HG), red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara (RG) and black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii (BS) are three popular perciform fishes with an increasingly important farming industry. The prices of BS are much lower than other grouper species; however, the differences in the nutritive values of these three perciform fishes with commercial specifications have not been reported. In this study, the biochemical composition and non-volatile taste active compounds of adult HG, RG and BS were investigated. Moisture contents in BS were significantly higher than in HG and RG (p < 0.05), and relatively lower crude protein contents in BS were observed. Lipid contents of back muscle were lower than that of abdomen muscle in the three fish species. C22:6n-3 (DHA) was the major poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in HG and BS, while the main PUFA in RG was C18:2n-6. The total healthy omega-3 fatty acid (Σn-3) profiles in HG were the highest (24.08–24.59%), followed by RG (18.24–19.06%) and BS (13.63–15.91%) (p < 0.05). Glycine was the most abundant free amino acid (FAA) in HG and RG, while lysine was the major FAA in BS. Equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values in BS were the highest, followed by HG and RG (p < 0.05). Lactic acid and PO43− were the major organic acids and inorganic ions, respectively. In conclusion, HG and RG provided more protein and healthy omega-3 fatty acids than BS, while BS had a stronger umami taste according to the EUC values.

Динамика показателей здоровья женщин среднего возраста, занимающихся фитнесом по оздоровительной программе «Здоровая спина»

The article considers the impact of physical activity during fitness classes under the program Healthy Back on the functional and psychological state and indicators of physical fitness in 30-35 year-old women. The fitness pro-gram Healthy Back for middle-aged women has been theoretically justified and developed; the effectiveness of the program has been evaluated. There were used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing women’s functional and psychological state, level of their physical fitness, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. Healthy Back is a fitness program designed for rehabilitation and prevention of spinal diseases. A set of special physical exercises for developing the mobility of the spine and strengthening the back and abdomen muscles were selected individually depending on the diagnosis and are recommended for men and women regardless of age and physical development. The main objectives of the fitness program are: strengthening the muscular corset of the spine, muscles of the buttocks, developing the spine flexibility, forming correct posture, strengthening the deep muscles of the back, developing coordination. Training sessions on the developed complex are conducted in several stages in accordance with the principles of physical culture. At the first stage (from 3 to 10 classes depending on the disease) the Healthy Back program proposes stretching exercises for the back and abdomen muscles, which help prepare the body for the upcoming work, relieve excessive tension and relax the sedentary areas of the back. At the second stage muscle-strengthening exercises with yoga elements are recommended. And at the third, “supporting” stage the musculoskeletal system and the ligamentous apparatus of the spine undergo the complex impact of the program. The study was conducted as practical training in the form of recreational activities in leisure business. The developed complex including both generally adopted and newly developed exercises, can be recommended to the trainers and instructors of fitness clubs for structuring the coach activities. The research data can be used in developing the programs of physical culture and sports.

Functional Muscle Network in Post-stroke Patients during Quiet Standing.

The overall muscle activation of post-stroke patients during standing has not been well understood. Functional muscle network provides a tool to quantify the functional synchronization across a large number of muscles. In order to investigating the functional muscle network of stroke survivors during quiet standing, we recruited 8 post-stroke hemiplegic patients and required them to stand still for 30 s with eyes open and closed. Surface electromyography signals were recorded from 16 muscles in abdomen, buttocks and lower limbs. The functional muscle networks of paretic side and healthy side were built by multiplex recurrence network approach. The topological characteristics of functional muscle network was quantified by parameters of multiplex network and weighted network. The results showed that the dynamical similarities of muscles on paretic side were reduced, and the dynamical connections of muscles on paretic side were weakened. Without visual feedback, the muscles activated in a more similar mode. The stroke led to lower synchronization of the muscle activation, and decreased efficiency of information transmission between muscles. When subjects stood with eyes closed, the muscles activated in a more deterministic pattern. The research opens new horizons to detect the overall muscle activation when stroke patients stand quietly, and can provide a theoretical basis for understanding the motor dysfunction caused by stroke.

Advanced Molecular Imaging (MRI/MRS/1H NMR) for Metabolic Information in Young Adults with Health Risk Obesity.

Background: Obesity or being overweight is a medical condition of abnormal body fat accumulation which is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The distinct body fat depots on specific parts of the anatomy have unique metabolic properties and different types of regional excessive fat distribution can be a disease hazard. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolome and molecular imaging phenotypes among a young adult population. Methods: The amount and distribution of fat and lipid metabolites profile in the abdomen, liver, and calf muscles of 46 normal weight, 17 overweight, and 13 obese participants were acquired using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. The serum metabolic profile was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were integrated into seven integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites. Results: A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were statistically significant. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatocellular lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for hemoglobin (HbA1c%; r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The lipid signals in serum triglyceride and glucose signals gave similar correspondence to biochemical lipid profiles. Conclusions: This study proves the association between alteration in metabolome in young adults, which is the key population for early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study suggests that dyslipidemia prevalence is influenced mainly by the visceral fat depot, and liver fat depot is a key determinant for glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia. Moreover, noninvasive advanced molecular imaging completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on the anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of the metabolic syndrome biomarkers in young adults.

Functional Training Effect on Functional Movements and Physical Capacity in 10 to 13-Year-Old Children Attending Swimming Activities

Background. Functional training is used both in rehabilitation - to restore lost functions, and in professional sports - to improve results in competitions. Functional training is characterized by complex training of physical features, and it develops specific movements.&#x0D; The aim was to evaluate functional training effect on functional movements, static endurance of trunk muscles and dynamic balance in children aged 10 to 13 attending swimming activities.&#x0D; Methods. The study involved 24 children in the age group of 10–13 who attended swimming activities 5 times a week. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: subject (n = 12) and control (n = 12). Participants of the subject group while attending regular swimming activities were prescribed functional training of 10-week once a week with supervision of a physiotherapist. The participants of the control group while attending regular swimming activities were prescribed a routine swimmer training of 10-week once a week in the gym under the supervision of a sports coach. Static endurance, dynamic balance, leg muscle’s explosive force and swimming competition results corresponding to the time interval of the beginning and end of the study were assessed before and after the interventions.&#x0D; Results. All the evaluated indicators had tendency to improve, but significant differences between the results of the two groups were found in the static endurance of the abdomen and trunk lateral muscles, dynamic balance, functional movements, long jump results and 50-meter swimming results.&#x0D; Conclusion. Functional training under the supervision of a physiotherapist can significantly improve the functional and physical capacity of children attending swimming activities.&#x0D; Keywords: physical characteristics, functional training, endurance, balance, functional movements.

A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

The use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

Short-term rearing in brackish water regulates the taste-related metabolites of abdomen muscle for adult male Eriocheir sinensis

This study investigated the effects of temporary rearing (6 weeks) in brackish water on the taste-related metabolites of crab muscle for adult male E. sinensis. Salinity-responsive factors, including 5ʹ-nucleotides and free amino acids (FAAs) of crab muscle, were identified using tri-step infrared spectroscopy. Compared to the fresh water group, the content of umami and sweet FAAs were higher in the 2nd and 4th week in the brackish water group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the content of 5ʹ-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly increased in the 2 nd week in the brackish water group (P < 0.05). Cl− contents were significantly increased in the 4th and 6th weeks in the brackish water group (P < 0.05). The salinity-responsive contributors, including aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, alanine, lysine, cystine, Ca2+ and Cl− were involved in osmoregulation. Crab muscle was able to accumulate ATP, which could increase the adaptive capacity of an organism and form flavor nucleotides. The infrared spectroscopy could effectively identify the main difference of taste-related metabolites. According to our results, the optimal period for temporary rearing of crabs in brackish water was 2–4 weeks.

코어 근육이 요통에 미치는 영향에 관한 문헌 연구

This literature review seeks to examine and verify the interactions and effects of Core muscles and Low Back Pain. Core or trunk are waist, pelvis, and abdomen muscles, which provide stable spine stabilization and body movement. These Core exercises are designed to show more muscle activity when performed in an unstable state, and there are various methods of exercise for Swiss ball movements, slings, and pier movements. In addition, Low Back Pain is experienced at least once in about 80% or more of the adult population. Low Back Pain There are many causes, but weakening of the lumbar trunk muscle strengthening reduces the stability of Core muscles, causing illness and pain. The interaction between these Low Back Pain and Core exercise depends on the exercise method of the previous study, but after participating in Core exercise, it is effective in improving the physical function and pain of back pain Low Back Pain. There are many causes of Low Back Pain, but Core exercise may be offered to prevent this. As a result, it is necessary to apply a lot of rehabilitation in the field of sports to systematically manage the competitiveness of athletes and the health of the general public, and to develop new training methods through verification of sustainable effects.