Muscles Of Abdomen Research Articles

Acute Abdominal Pain in Spinal Cord Injury Patient Induced by Indwelling Urethral Catheter Placed into the Right Ureter through the Ureteral Orifice: A casereport

Diagnosis of acute abdomen in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients remains challenging. Classic peritoneal signs, such as rigid abdomen, rebounding pain and abdominal muscle guarding may be not reliable. It is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SCI. A 45-year-old woman with SCI and 7th and 8th thoracic vertebrae fractures suffered from lower abdominal pain, fever and chills for three days. Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness with muscle guarding. Laboratory studies showed severe leukocytosis and mild pyuria. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans (CTS) revealed a urinary catheter, which had been accidentally inserted into the right ureter through the ureteral orifice. Abdominal pain improved dramatically after the urinary catheter was replaced. We suggest further workup for possible causes of acute abdominal pain in SCI patients presenting with symptoms such as vomiting, vague abdominal pain, abdominal distension, spasms and cramps. Early investigation with abdominal X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography scan or diagnostic video laparotomy may prevent delays in diagnosis and improvement of outcome.

Functional morphology of puffing behavior in pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus)

As a defensive behavior of escaping from the predators, sudden inflating ("puffing") has been found in all members of the pufferfish sister taxa Diodontidae and Tetraodontidae. However, the mechanism of inflation is largely unknown. To further understand the inflation behavior of Tetraodontidae, morphological dissection, X-ray and staining methods were conducted to investigate morphological variations and functional adaptation during the inflation in Takifugu obscurus. The results indicated that after receiving stimulation, Takifugu obscurus quickly and frequently swallows water or/and air into the flexible but tough sac, which is a distinct portion of the specialized esophagus. For adapting the inflation, the anterior and posterior joints of the sac and the digestive duct are tightened by special musculature; and the structure and arrangement of the skin of the body, as well as the abdomen muscle bundles are particularly modified to be elasticated; more over, even the backbone and the nerve are ready for flexible positioning change. This study provides some important information about the inflation mechanism of the Takifugu obscurus in sucking and expelling water/air during the puffing behavior, which would be helpful to further understand the neural control mechanism of pufferfish inflation.

운동행동 변화단계와 신체적 특성, 체력요소 및 생활양식 - 운동행동 변화단계 설문지의 운동처방 분야 적용가능성 탐색

This study amis to examine the applicability of the questionnaire on changing the stages of exercise behaviour change by exploring the differences in physical characteristics, body strength component, and life style related to exercise and health with respect to the changing stage of exercise action. To investigate the purpose of the study, 253 male university students who were attending P university were asked to complete the questionnaire on their changing stage of exercise behaviour and life style and measured for physical characteristics and body strength factor. Results showed three main findings: Frist, for physical characteristics factor, muscle weight, muscle rate, and the number of heart-rate during rest were different as the exercise behaviour stage changed. Second, for body strength factor, hand-grip power, abdomen muscle, number of push-ups and sit-ups were different. Third, for life style factor, duration for one-time exercise, the number of exercise in a week, and of sleeping hours and eating in a day was different. It was observed that most of the factors were greater for the students who were in pre contemplation stage, contemplation stage, or preparation stage than those who were in action stage or maintenance stage. This suggests that students in exercise behaviour stage are in better situation in terms of physical characteristics and fitness and have a life style helpful for health and exercise than those who are not. Based on these results, it is concluded that physical characteristics, physical fitness and life style are different according to the stage of exercise behaviour change. In addition, the questionnaire on the stage of exercise behaviour change seems practically applicable to the exercise diagnosis area.

Relationship between NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and visceral hypersensitivity caused by acute restraint stress: experiment with rats

To investigate the response of NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor to restraint stress in intestinal tract. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: acute stress group undergoing intraperitoneal injection of normal saline (NS), acute stress + MK-801 group, undergoing intraperitoneal injection of MK-801, a NMDA receptor inhibitor, and then acute restraint for 1 h, 30 min after the injection. Control group underwent intraperitoneal injection of NS without acute restraint to be used as. Then all rats underwent colorectal distension (CRD) at the pressure levels of 20, 40, 60, and 80 mm Hg respectively for 10 s 3 times with an interval of 40 s so as to establish visceral hypersensitivity models. Electromyography was performed at the external oblique muscle of abdomen to record the frequency of discharge to evaluate the visceral sensitivity. Then the rats were killed and specimens of ileocecum and the proximal and distal ends of colon were obtained. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit in intestinal tract. (1) The frequencies of discharge of external oblique muscle of abdomen responding to CRD of the acute stress group at the pressure levels of 40, 60, and 80 mm Hg were 925 +/- 217, 1480 +/- 347, and 1732 +/- 344 respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group (188 +/- 31, 510 +/- 68, and 765 +/- 103, all P < 0.01) and the acute stress + MK-801 group (210 +/- 47, 525 +/- 97, 841 +/- 156, all P < 0.05). But no significantly different from the acute stress + MK-801 group and the control group (all P > 0.05). (2) The A values of the mRNA expression of NR1 in the ileocecal junction, proximal colon end, and distal colon end of the acute stress group were 1.57 +/- 0.20, 2.00 +/- 0.20, and 1.36 +/- 0.17 respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group (0.68 +/- 0.10, 0.87 +/- 0.19, and 0.74 +/- 0.15, all P < 0.01) and the acute stress + MK-801 group (0.84 +/- 0.13, 0.91 +/- 0.16, 0.79 +/- 0.13, all P < 0.05). But no significantly different from the acute stress + MK-801 group and the control group (all P > 0.05). (3) The A values of the protein expression of NR1 in the ileocecal junction, proximal colon end, and distal colon end of the acute stress group were 1.69 +/- 0.20, 1.41 +/- 0.12, and 1.63 +/- 0.15 respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group (0.54 +/- 0.11, 0.71 +/- 0.06, 0.71 +/- 0.07, all P = 0.000) and the acute + MK-801 group (0.75 +/- 0.09, 0.70 +/- 0.11, 0.63 +/- 0.11, all P = 0.000). But no significantly different from the acute stress + MK-801 group and the control group (all P > 0.05). NMDA receptor plays an important role in the visceral sensitivity induced by acute restraint stress.

Physiotherapy in diastasis of the rectus muscles of abdomen in women during pregnancy and postpartum

Physiotherapy in diastasis of the rectus muscles of abdomen in women during pregnancy and postpartum

A patient with two episodes of epilepsia partialis continua of the abdominal muscles caused by cortical dysplasia

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare form of focal motor status epilepticus. There is typically a predilection for facial and distal limb involvement, but rarely trunk or abdomen muscles may be affected. Rarely, EPC may also present in association with cortical dysplasia. In this report, we describe the clinical, neuroimaging and ictal electroencephalographic findings of a young woman presenting with persistent myoclonic twitches of the abdominal muscles that were considered to represent a rare manifestation of EPC due to cortical dysplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of malformation of cortical development causing abdominal myoclonus.

태권도 몸통 돌려차기 동작에 대한 운동역학적 분석

This Study has conducted an analysis on the Biomechanical Variables about Body-Dolyeochagi Motion of Taekwondo with the object of 5 superior players and the other 5 inferior players, among 10 persons of the lightweight-class college players, then obtained the conclusion as followings. The necessary time when carrying out Body-Dolyeochagi of Taekwondo was appeared as desirable to inflict a great impact to the target object within shorter time by increasing its pre-speed by means of making the articular angle of the knee to be bent quickly at the moment, and in case of the body pivot, at the moment when the right foot is removing from the ground, the inside-turning quickly of the right hip joint using the repulsive power of ground makes the situation of body pivot less, and it lets the knee joint bent rapidly where the moment arm is diminished, thence it was appeared as desirable to transmit the impulse which enables to attack the target object quickly. In order to transmit a great power to the target object by the hip joint angle, erect the body at the initial stage, keeping Long Axis Rotation widely, and it is also desirable to metastasize the momentum to the target object by means of winding the hip joint angle, and in case of the knee joint angle, the momental knee joint to be wound in maximum, by making the knee joint stretched greatly utilizing the Law of Action and Reaction at E3 time-point, it showed up as desirable to blow a great impact to the target object. Likewise, in case of the angle of foot articulation, when bending of the knee joint is maximized due to rapid extension of the foot articulation, it is desirable to beat accurately to the target object when impacting, and in the instance of External Oblique Muscle of Abdomen at Average Value of Integral Electromyogram for the principal muscle, owing to the rapid turning of the vertebrae at the moment of impact, its Antagonist was acted more, and in case of Erector Spinae Muscle, it is known that its body-trunk was quickly turned in the next motion of the superior players group. In case of Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris, the Bending and Extending Motion of the hip joint have been made more efficiently in the superior players group, and in Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle, the Bending and Extension of the knee joint were not efficient, and in case of Tibialis Anterior Muscle, since Plantar Flexion of the ankle joint was effectively established in the superior players group, it was appeared that an efficient impact thereat has been accomplished.

The relationship components of body somatotype with some phases of muscular – strength of males at the age of (12 – 15) years

The research aims at identifying the relationship between body –somatotype "Ectomorphy , Mesomorphy , Endomorphy " and some muscular strength components " maximum strength , explosive strength , endurance strength " The sample of the research consisted of (160) students , (40) students for each age level (stage ) which represent students of one class. The data were collected throw out body somatotype measurement by hath-carter way and testes of muscular strength. The research get the following conclusion - Ectomorphy correlated with maximum strength of grab in negative form. - Mesomorphy correlated with maximum strength of grab and explosive strength of shooting arm and endurance strength of abdomen muscles in positive form. - Endomorphy correlated with explosive strength of shooting arm and endurance strength muscles in negative form.

Characterisation and tissue distribution of polyphenol oxidase of deepwater pink shrimp ( Parapenaeus longirostris)

Characterisation and tissue distribution of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was studied in deepwater pink shrimp ( Parapenaeus longirostris) post mortem. PPO activity was the highest in the carapace, followed by that in the abdomen exoskeleton, cephalotorax, pleopods and telson. No PPO activity was found in the abdomen muscle and in the pereopods and maxillipeds using the enzymatic assay. Storage of whole shrimps and of the different organs showed that melanosis (blackening) required the presence of the cephalotorax to be initiated, indicating that its development depends on other factors in addition to the PPO levels. Further characterisation was carried out in extracts partly purified using 40–70% ammonium sulfate fractionation. The enzyme had the highest activity at pH 4.5 and was most stable at pH 4.5 and 9.0. No clear maximum was observed in the 15–60 °C range but the higher stability was achieved at 30–35 °C. Apparent kinetic constants in the partly purified PPO from carapace were K M = 1.85 mM and V max = 38.5 U/mg of protein, pointing to a high affinity and reactivity of the enzyme when assayed with DOPA. Electrophoretic mobility was studied in native PAGE and non-reducing SDS–PAGE followed by staining with DOPA. Approximate MW of 500 kDa and 200 kDa were observed, respectively. These two forms could correspond to aggregates of minor PPO subunits that could not be resolved in these electrophoretic systems. The peptide mass fingerprinting obtained by MALDI-TOF analysis showed some peptides whose homology with hemocyanins and different PPO subunit precursors has already been demonstrated in the same species.

Teste de biocompatibilidade e resistência de membranas de látex em cães

O látex natural extraído da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) possui propriedades indutoras de neovascularização e regeneração tecidual, comprovadas em várias espécies e em diferentes tecidos do organismo. Este estudo testou a biocompatibilidade e a resistência de três membranas de látex em seis cadelas, sendo duas dessas membranas ainda não utilizadas e uma já testada em estudos prévios. Os implantes foram colocados entre os músculos cutâneo e reto do abdome através de procedimento cirúrgico e, após 45 dias, foram removidos e submetidos a exames histológicos. Durante esse período, os animais foram avaliados quanto à dor e às alterações clínicas e macroscópicas nas membranas. Testes mecânicos de tração para determinação de deformação e resistência foram efetuados em amostras-controle. Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as membranas testadas são compatíveis para substituir a bainha muscular em cães, exceto a membrana 2, por apresentar características de rejeição.

Carnitine Content in Different Muscles of Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Chronic hemodialysis may lead to losses of carnitine from plasma and muscles. The aim of the present study was a comparison of carnitine contents in different human muscles (brachioradialis muscle and rectus muscle of abdomen) and evaluation of the correlation between plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations in patients receiving hemodialysis and healthy control patients. The studies were performed in two groups of patients receiving hemodialysis. The first group included 37 patients (18 male, 19 female) (muscle specimen was taken from the brachioradialis muscle). The second group included 28 patients (15 male, 13 female) (muscle specimen was taken from the rectus muscle of abdomen). The other two separate groups of patients without renal involvement served as the controls. Significantly lower free plasma and free muscle carnitine (FMC) contents were noticed in patients receiving hemodialysis in comparison with the controls. Significantly higher total muscle carnitine (TMC) and FMC concentrations in the brachioradialis muscle in comparison with the rectus muscle of abdomen were observed in both the hemodialysis and control groups. Negative correlations between TMC, FMC, and FMC/TMC ratio versus duration of hemodialysis were found. No correlations between muscle and serum carnitine levels were observed. Patients receiving hemodialysis are carnitine deficient. Tissue carnitine depletion is related to hemodialysis duration. Carnitine concentration in blood does not represent the whole carnitine stores in patients receiving hemodialysis. Brachioradialis muscle carnitine contents are significantly higher than those in the rectus muscle of abdomen.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and sediment from river polluted by electronic waste

The present study investigated contamination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment and fish samples collected from rivers in Guiyu, China where electronic waste (e-waste) is recycled and disposed. PBDE congeners with mono-to hepta-brominated and deca-brominated substitutions were detected using (13)C(12) isotope dilution GC/MS/MS and GC/MS methods, respectively. The total PBDE concentrations ranged from 4434 to 16088 ng/g (dry weight) in Nanyang River bank sediment, from 55 to 445 ng/g in Nanyang River bottom sediment and 51.3 to 365 ng/g in Lianjiang River bottom sediment in Guiyu compared with those from 16.1 to 21.4 ng/g in wastewater discharged from a vehicle repairing workshop in Lo Uk Tsuen in Hong Kong. No PBDE congeners were detected in bottom sediment and fish from Mai Po Marshes in Hong Kong. The mean concentrations of total PBDEs in mixed muscles of tilapia (Oreochromis spp) from Lianjiang River were 115 ng/g wet weight (ww) and from wastewater in Hong Kong were 4.1 ng/g ww. Highest mean PBDE concentration was obtained in liver (2687 ng/g ww), followed by abdomen muscle (1088 ng/g ww) of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) collected from Nanyang River. A significant correlation of concentration of each PBDE congener between sediment and muscle from Guiyu was observed. The present results of total PBDEs in sediment and fish were 10 and 1000 times higher than other studies. Open burning and dumping of e-waste are the major causes of PBDE contamination.

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in freshwater fishes from a river polluted by e-wastes

Analytical method using mass spectrometric techniques was applied for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in freshwater fishes. Fish samples collected from Nanyang River contaminated by the recycling electron-wastes (e-wastes) materials were prepared by using Soxhlet extraction and multiple-step column chromatographic clean-up. PBDEs were determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (for mono- to hepta-BDEs) and quadrupole mass spectrometry (for BDE-209). The method performance was evaluated with the recovery of 13C-labeled internal standards and with the analysis of certified reference biota. The obtained recoveries ranged from 75 to 125% with a relative standard deviation of lower than 10% for 16 PBDE congeners. The total PBDE (ΣPBDE) concentrations in fishes showed the following trend: grass carp < mud carp < crucian carp < silver carp < carp. ΣPBDE concentrations in the abdomen, back and tail muscles of carp ranged from 766, 458 and 530 ng/g w.w., and 53, 52, 45 ng/g w.w. in grass carp, respectively. The ΣPBDE concentrations in abdomen muscles were no significantly higher than in back and tail muscles in carp, crucian carp, grass carp and mud carp. PBDE congener concentrations in muscles correlated well with their lipid content. BDE-47 and BDE-28 were the most abundant congeners followed by BDE-17, BDE-15, BDE-66, BDE-154 and BDE-153 in fishes collected from Guiyu.

Muscle damage and soreness following a 50-km cross-country ski race

In this study, we examined indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness following a 50-km cross-country ski race completed in 2 h and 57 min to 5 h and 9 min by 11 moderately trained male university students. Maximal strength of the knee extensors, several blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation, and muscle soreness (visual analog scale: 0 = “no pain”, 50 mm = “unbearably painful”) were measured one day before, immediately after, and 24, 48, 72, and 144 h after the race. Changes in the measures over time were analysed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and a Fisher's post-hoc test. Maximal strength of the knee extensors decreased significantly (P<0.05) immediately after the race (mean −27%, s=6), but returned to pre-exercise values within 24 h of the race. All blood markers increased significantly (P<0.05) following the race, peaking either immediately (lactate dehydrogenase: 253.7 IU · l−1, s=13.3; myoglobin: 476.4 ng · ml−1, s=85.5) or 24 h after the race (creatine kinase: 848.0 IU · l−1, s=151.9; glumatic oxaloacetic transaminase: 44.3 IU · l−1, s=4.2; aldolase: 10.0 IU · l−1, s=1.3; C-reactive protein: 0.36 IU · l−1, s=0.08). Muscle soreness developed in the leg, arm, shoulder, back, and abdomen muscles immediately after the race (10–30 mm), but decreased after 24 h (<15 mm), and disappeared 48 h after the race. These results suggest that muscle damage induced by a 50-km cross-country ski race is mild and recovery from the race does not take long.

切除15年後に多発性再発を来たした腎細胞癌の1症例

A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of an axillary mass. He underwent left total nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 15 years previously (in 1990). Since further evaluation yielded no evidence of extra renal metastases, he was followed up in the outpatient clinic. On admission, there was a hard tumor in the right axilla. Ultrasonography demonstrated a vascular tumor with a smooth surface, 26 by 24mm. Laboratory findings were generally close to normal, including tumor markers. Chest contrast-enhanced dynamic CT showed that the tumor was enhanced. Furthermore, abdominal contrast-enhanced dynamic CT revealed some enhancing lesions within the right side of the rectus muscle of abdomen and pancreas head as well. Open simple axillary mass biopsy was performed on August 2 and the tumor was histologically confirmed as a metastasis of the RCC to the axillary. His overall status was normal, and he underwent an operation for the pancreas tumor and the tumor in the rectus muscle of the abdomen. On histological examination, both excised specimens were found to be metastases of RCC. During 2 years follow-up period in the outpatient clinic, additional metastasis has not been observed in any organ. Since this case confirms the potential of RCC for late and multiple distant metastases, careful long-term follow-up after radical nephrectomy is needed.

The visceromotor responses to colorectal distension and skin pinch are inhibited by simultaneous jejunal distension

Noxious stimuli that are applied to different somatic sites interact; often one stimulus diminishes the sensation elicited from another site. By contrast, inhibitory interactions between visceral stimuli are not well documented. We investigated the interaction between the effects of noxious distension of the colorectum and noxious stimuli applied to the jejunum, in the rat. Colorectal distension elicited a visceromotor reflex, which was quantified using electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the external oblique muscle of the upper abdomen. The same motor units were activated when a strong pinch was applied to the flank skin. Distension of the jejunum did not provoke an EMG response at this site, but when it was applied during colorectal distension it blocked the EMG response. Jejunal distension also inhibited the response to noxious skin pinch. The inhibition of the visceromotor response to colorectal distension was prevented by local application of tetrodotoxin to the jejunum, and was markedly reduced when nicardipine was infused into the local jejunal circulation. Chronic sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy had no effect on the colorectal distension-induced EMG activity or its inhibition by jejunal distension. The nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium suppressed phasic contractile activity in the jejunum, had only a small effect on the inhibition of visceromotor response by jejunal distension. It is concluded that signals that arise from skin pinch and colorectal distension converge in the central nervous system with pathways that are activated by jejunal spinal afferents; the jejunal signals strongly inhibit the abdominal motor activity evoked by noxious stimuli.

Daily 80‐min electric stimulation of abdomen muscles decreases abdomen circumference and trunk fat mass by increasing abdomen muscle mass in young women

Daily 80‐min electric stimulation of abdomen muscles decreases abdomen circumference and trunk fat mass by increasing abdomen muscle mass in young women

Parastomal hernia repair: Bielañski hospital experience

The most common occurred long-term stoma complication is parastomal hernia (PH). The incidence of this complication reaches 50% and, according to Goligher, the parastomal hernia is an inevitable consequence in a certain percentage of all cases of stoma formation. The factors that may affect the incidence of parastomal hernia include the site of stoma, particularly its position relative to the rectus muscle of abdomen, preoperative mapping out of the stoma site, stoma diameter, intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal bringing out of the intestine and its fixation to fascia, closing of the area around the stoma opening, the mode of operation--planned or emergency, and finally the kind of stoma--ileostomy, colostomy, end stoma and loop stoma. None of these factors, however, has been identified to have the key importance in parastomal hernia formation. It seems that the only factor that significantly increases the incidence of parastomal hernia is the length of post-operative period.

Does Morning as Opposed to Night-time Feeding Affect Growth in Juvenile Spiny Lobsters, Jasus edwardsh?

Previous research on juvenile lobsters has shown that they display a nocturnal rhythm in their oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion, such that lobsters that are fed in the morning have shorter specific dynamic action (SDA) response than those lobsters that are fed at night. It was therefore suggested that juvenile lobsters should be fed in the morning to maximize energy utilization. This research tested the hypothesis that the growth of juvenile rock lobsters would be improved by feeding in the morning rather at night. Juvenile spiny lobsters Jasus edwardsii were fed a squid meal (5% body weight) either in the morning or at night over a period of 80 d. Lobsters fed in the morning had a 108% weight gain, an increase of 4.6 mm in carapace length and a growth rate (SGR) of 0.92%. These were significantly higher than the 78% weight gain, carapace length increase of 3.8 mm, and growth rate of 0.76% recorded for lobsters fed at night. Abdomen muscle protein and mid-gut gland lipid and glycogen content were similar after 80 d. The digestive gland index (DGI) was the same in lobsters exposed to the different feeding regime but had decreased compared with control lobsters at the start of the experiment. Morning-fed lobsters outperformed night-fed lobsters in all aspects of growth and survival, and it is suggested that commercial farmers feed their lobsters in the morning rather than at night. Because these growth differences were predicted from specific dynamic action measurements, it is concluded here that this technique would be useful for the rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of natural and artificial diets on lobster growth.

Drosophila Heartless Acts with Heartbroken/Dof in Muscle Founder Differentiation

The formation of a multi-nucleate myofibre is directed, in Drosophila, by a founder cell. In the embryo, founders are selected by Notch-mediated lateral inhibition, while during adult myogenesis this mechanism of selection does not appear to operate. We show, in the muscles of the adult abdomen, that the Fibroblast growth factor pathway mediates founder cell choice in a novel manner. We suggest that the developmental patterns of Heartbroken/Dof and Sprouty result in defining the domain and timing of activation of the Fibroblast growth factor receptor Heartless in specific myoblasts, thereby converting them into founder cells. Our results point to a way in which muscle differentiation could be initiated and define a critical developmental function for Heartbroken/Dof in myogenesis.