Municipal Educational Institutions Research Articles

Adolescent Boys’ Trust in Their Mothers and The Order in The Structure of Its Predictors

Introduction. The scientific-psychological validity of the a priori attitude of practicing psychologists and parents, which states that adolescents’ trusting attitude toward parents exists only in the form of an opposition of trust or mistrust, was tested when addressing the problem of adolescent mistrust. The implementation of the validation is based on the previously developed model for studying ambivalent trust.Objective. To examine the features of categorized trust/mother distrust relationships in 15-year-old adolescent males and the role of order in the structure of predictors of maternal trust in these relationships.Materials and Methods. The following methods were applied in the study: content analysis based on expert evaluations; subjective scaling according to the given parameters; statistical technology of construct development; classification of trust/distrust ratio; approximation by hyperbolic rank parametric distribution; nonparametric statistics.Results. The study sample consisted of adolescent boys 15 years old (n = 177) of municipal educational institution the highshcool of Rostov-on-Don. As a result of the study, the data demonstrating “absolute trust” and “absolute distrust” were obtained only in 19 % of subjects, the rest have different variants of ambivalent trust (p ≤ 0.01). Significant predictors of trust to mother in adolescent boys of 15 years old are “me-trust”, honesty, reliability, fairness, commitment to fulfill promises, non-evaluative attitude. The average values of β coefficient are higher in the “positive” variant of ambivalent trust, when adolescent boys of 15 years old have both trust and distrust in their mothers, with the former prevailing.Discussion. It has been established that the conviction of practicing psychologists and parents that adolescents’ trusting attitude to their mothers exists only in the form of the opposition of trust and distrust is not quite correct and can lead to serious negative consequences in solving the problem of maternal distrust. The peculiarities of the classified correlations of trust/distrust in mothers and the orderliness of the structure of predictors of trust in mothers allow us to consider that the observed behavioral patterns of “trust” in mothers may not reflect its truthfulness, but act as a “means” of solving their conscious and unconscious tasks through the mechanism of protection from inadequate, from the point of view of the adolescent, attempts of the mother to penetrate into his inner world, or as a desire to escape from their own responsibility through trust.

Youth Social Selfie: Social Strategies of Regional Youth

Introduction. The relevance of the article is determined by the need for monitoring control of indicators and elements of social strategies of youth in the conditions of high social risks of the border region. The purpose of the article is to determine the typical social characteristics of regional young people based on key indicators of their social strategies. Materials and Methods. The article examines the results and analysis of the materials of the 2023 study conducted in the Belgorod region using an online survey of young people aged 14 to 35 years. The use of this method made it possible to cover a large number of respondents, including in hard-to-reach areas and settlements of the region, to ensure the representativeness of the sample. The study involved 5881 people (schoolchildren, students and working youth from the region). The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics and indicators of the social strategies of young people. Results. The result of the study was a social portrait of regional youth based on key types of strategic dispositions and life plans for 12 social strategies. Key potentials were identified related to career ambitions, orientation to traditional family values, desire for education and self-development, attention to one’s own health, and the need for self-realization. Risks that could seriously damage to regional human capital were identified: economic infantilism combined with high economic aspirations, social passivity and political egocentrism, situational (selective) spirituality, increased migration potential (orientation to leave the region). Discussion and Conclusion. As a final conclusion, it is worth emphasizing the informational and analytical capabilities of the social portrait of regional youth based on social strategies: the features of the portrait allow us to determine the possibilities of future social investments of young people in the regions, to clarify the problems and deficiencies of socialization effects, and to formulate tasks to ensure the possibility of implementation of life plans of young people for state and municipal government bodies. The materials of the article may be in demand by state youth policy management bodies of various levels, state and municipal administration bodies, youth organizations and educational institutions.

Лонгитюдный анализ жизненных ценностей подростков с задержкой психического развития и нормотипичных сверстников

The article presents the results of a longitudinal study comparing the dynamics of life values development in adolescents with mental retardation and normotypic peers. The study of the dominant values of normal adolescents and adolescents with mental retardation was carried out at the municipal autonomous educational institution secondary comprehensive school No. 157, Yekaterinburg, in the period from 2021 to 2023. The life values of adolescents were diagnosed using two methods: "Methodology for the Study of Value Orientations" (M. Rokeach), "Hierarchy of Life Values" (G.V. Rezapkina). The study showed that adolescents with mental retardation and normotypic peers have similar life values, but with some noticeable differences. These differences emphasize the importance of providing individual support to adolescents with mental retardation, which will contribute to their personal growth. The obtained data will also be of interest to teachers, parents and specialists who organize and implement correctional and developmental work, ensuring the well-being of adolescents with mental retardation. The study of the dynamics of the development of values of adolescents of the norm and mental retardation allowed us to conduct a comparative analysis and determine the trends in the formation of values in these categories of adolescents.

Digitalization of Educational Activities at the Municipal Level

The article examines the activity of the municipality from the point of view of the education management system in modern realities, namely in the conditions of digital transformation of society and its life, in particular, digitalization of educational activities. The main advantages and disadvantages of the digitalization of education are analyzed and presented. In the context of the research, the theoretical, normative and legal aspects of the current educational activity are presented, as a key link in solving problems of any nature for the benefit of the local population, in particular at the municipal level. In conclusion, the priority directions of the development of education management in the conditions of digitalization are given, which should effectively influence the optimization of organizational and management processes in the field of digital transformation, as well as the active penetration of digital technologies into the educational process of various educational organizations.
 The article reveals the effectiveness of information and communication technologies in municipal educational institutions training future specialists. In the context of the implementation of the research goal, the role of digitization as a factor in the implementation of educational activities in the process of training specialists in the economic field is studied. In the modern conditions of the development of the information society, there is a need for fast and high-quality calculation of economic indicators. It is this need that prompts the widespread use of software accounting methods. Digitalization has absorbed various fields of human activity.

Новые и старые герои истории: государства в поисках идентичности

A conference titled ‘Old and New Heroes of History: Nation States in Quest for Identity’ was held on the 8th of February 2024, at the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO). It was organized by the Center of the Indo-Pacific region of IMEMO. The conference Chief-moderators were Semenenko I.S., Corresponding Member of the RAS, Doct. Sci. (Polit. Sci.), Head of Centre for Comparative Socioeconomic and Political Studies, Deputy Director for Scientific Work of IMEMO and Prokhorenko I.L. Doct. Sci. (Polit. Sci.), Head of the Sector for International Organizations and Global Political Governance, Department for International Political Problems, IMEMO. The questions under analysis included the following points: the features and key directions of identity politics of various states of the world, the role and significance of identity conflict in world politics, rethinking the heritage of the past and the search for new ‘heroes’ for modern societies. The discussion was focused on the role of identity personifiers and the study of identity conflict in the context of the formation of a polycentric world. The speakers were as follows: Semenenko I.S. and Prokhorenko I.L. addressed the plenary meeting; staff members of IMEMO: the Center of the Indo-Pacific region– Head of the Center Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Kupriyanov A.V., Junior Research Fellow Makarevich G.G., Senior Research Assistant Kosareva E.S., Cand. Sci. (Polit. Sci.) Research Fellow Terskikh M.A., Junior Research Fellow Zaitsev I.A., Cand. Sci. (Polit Sci.) Research Fellow Lomova A.A., Turayanova L.T.; staff members of the Center for Middle East Studies – Research Fellow Ibragimov I.E. and Junior Research Fellow Guzhev I.A.; staff members of the Center for Development and Modernization Studies – Research Fellows Arabadzhyan A.Z. and Karamaev S.G.; staff member of the Center for European Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Research Fellow Podchasov N.A. Fellows of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences delivered their speech: Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Leading Researcher of the Center for Middle East Countries Studies Arabadzhyan Z.A., members of the Center for Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania: Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Academic Secretary of the Center Senior Researcher Astafieva E.M., Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Leading Researcher of the Center and the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of RAS Popov A.V., staff members of the Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Research Fellows of the Center for Vietnam and ASEAN Studies Burova E.S., Kucherenko G.N., Shaternikov P.S., Research Fellow of the Center for the Study of Contemparary History of China and Its Relations with Russia Voloshina A.V.; staff members of the Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAS RAS): Head of the Center for Tropical African Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Leading Researcher Denisova T.S., Head of the Center for Southern Africa Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Senior Research Fellow Tokarev A.A., Senior Research Fellow of the Center for Southern Africa Studies Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Cand. Sci. (Hist. of Arts) Skubko Y.S., Junior Researcher Nesterova E.S., Senior Research Fellow of the Center for History and Cultural Anthropology Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Associate Professor of the Department of General History, P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University (YarSU) Khokholkova N.E., YarSU students and staff members Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Associate Professor of the Department of Regional Studies and Tourism Savin D.A., Professor and Doct. Sci. (Hist.), Professor of the Department of General History Gavristova T.M., post-graduate student of the Department of General History of YarSU, history teacher of the Municipal educational institution ‘Nekrasov Secondary school No. 4 with in-depth study of the English language’ of Yaroslavl city Tsvetkov E.G., Georgy Arbatov Institute for U.S. and Canada Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN) staff member – Senior Research Fellow of the Center for History and Cultural Anthropology of the Department of Internal Political Research Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Vorobiev D.N.; staff member of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Cand. Sci. (Hist.) Associate Professor of the Department of American studies of the Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Foreign Regional Studies RSUH Panov A.S. and Master’s student of the Department of Theory and History of Humanities, Institute of Philology and History of RSUH Grebneva N.I.; and master's student of the MGIMO University Kupalov-Yaropolk A.I. The review of the conference materials was compiled by the staff members of the Center of the Indo-Pacific region of IMEMO Cand. Sci. (Polit. Sci.) Research Fellow Lomova A.A. (lomova.dip@list.ru, ORCID: 0009-0004-3178-7480) and Junior Research Fellow Shirgazina E.R. (e.shirgazina8@imemo.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-7715-2991) and Research Fellow of the Center for Development and Modernization Studies Karamaev S.G. (tiomkin@imemo.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-5137-3948).

Interaction Between School and University: Experience of the Department of Childhood Pedagogy based at Gymnasium no. 7

The article identifies the main trends of pedagogical education, including the relevance of school-based university departments. The study underlines the significant role of school-based university department in providing interaction between schools and universities, primarily in organizing lifelong learning in the field of pedagogy, and enhancing practice-oriented pedagogical education. The purpose of the study is to analyze and justify the activity content of the school-based Department of Childhood Pedagogy in the areas of university-and-school interaction. Methodology and methods of the study. Based on the research of V. M. Anikina, O. V. Volokh, I. P. Gerashchenko, A. G. Zhukova, A. A. Radionova, A. D. Rulevsky, T. O. Solovyova, the conditions for the functioning of basic departments were determined, specific types of departments based on educational organizations were identified: with unilateral and bilateral cooperation; subject and interdisciplinary. The study is based on theoretical and empirical methods: review of scientific literature in the fields of psychology and pedagogy, analysis of the experience of the Department of Childhood Pedagogy based at the Municipal Educational Institution “Gymnasium No. 7”, which determines the importance of interaction between school and university in teacher training. The results of the study. The article presents the experience of Saratov State University in organizing industry-based departments. The main areas of activity of university departments based on educational organizations are identified. Particular attention is paid to the work of the Department of Childhood Pedagogy basedat Gymnasium No. 7. The text of the article lists the purpose and the main tasks and functions of the school-based department. It also presents the forms and methods of interaction between the school and the university. The work of the school-based Department of Childhood Pedagogy, its content and results are given in accordance with the following areas: educational and methodological, scientific and methodological, career guidance, etc. In the conclusion the paper states that the work of the school-based Department of Childhood Pedagogy contributes to the development of practice-oriented teacher training.

Developing voluntary attention in primary school children as part of sensorimotor integration program

Introduction. In the modern world, rapid development of IT and large volumes of information make attention a leading cognitive process which ensures a student’s learning success. The study aims to research the impact of sensorimotor integration programs on attention development in primary school children. Materials and methods. The study was based in the municipal autonomous educational institution ‘Secondary educational school No. 150’ in Krasnoyarsk (Russian Federation) with 43 children of primary school age (2nd grade). The Bourdon test determined the level of attention properties development in children before and after the experiment. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to statistically process the data. Results. A special methodology was designed for building a curriculum on sensorimotor integration for primary schoolchildren, aimed at developing voluntary attention. The training program comprises cycles of exercises for developing and strengthening the abilities of a specific attention function. A methodology was created for pedagogically assessing the effectiveness of testing a complex sensorimotor integration program meant to develop the basic properties of attention: concentration, stability and volume. After the formative experiment, repeated diagnostics revealed statistically significant progress in all these properties in the experimental group compared with the control group at a significance level of α < 0.05. Conclusion. Along with the development of attention properties indicators in primary school children, the experiment revealed an improvement in indicators of other mental functions, namely, short-term and long-term memory and thinking. The new program for developing attention through sensorimotor integration can be recommended to improve the learning processes for children with physical and developmental disabilities.

Features of emotional burnout of employees of preschool educational institutions

Introduction. In this article, on the basis of quantitative and qualitative research methods, the emotional burnout of day-care assistants and speech therapists of municipal preschool educational institutions was studied. In recent years, there has been an increase in the importance of the psycho-emotional component of the professional portrait of an employee of preschool educational institutions. The content of pedagogical professional activity includes many factors that provoke the emergence of professional deformation of a specialist.
 Materials and methods. Emotional burnout (according to the method of K. Maslach and S. Jackson in the adaptation of N. Vodopyanova) and the working capacity index (WAI) were studied in day-care assistants and speech therapists working in preschool educational institutions, as part of a cross-sectional study, in-depth interviewing was conducted. The SPSS 23 software package was used for statistical analysis.
 Results. Day-care assistants and speech therapists of preschool educational institutions, who have a long work experience, have fully realized and adapted to their profession and do not note emotional and psychological overloads. The results of a qualitative study indicate the dominance of subject-object (educator – child) relationships within the framework of preschool education, the presence of a complex psychological space (preschool is visited by children with various psychophysiological, emotional, behavioral characteristics), the settling of negative emotions inside the personal space of the educator and the speech therapist teacher and, as a consequence, the inability to dispose of them (personal psychotherapy, supervision, professional intervention) without negative consequences.
 Limitations. The study has professional (day-care assistants, speech therapists) limitations.
 Conclusion. These results suggest the problem of emotional burnout to be quite deep and not realized by teachers and day-care assitants. The resources of quantitative research methods for educators and speech therapists of preschool education on the topic of professional burnout and deformation were shown to be significantly limited and fail to allow achieving objective results, which requires the development of new approaches to assessing teachers’ emotional burnout.

Some aspects of motivating schoolchildren to leading a healthy lifestyle

Introduction. The proportion of citizens leading a healthy lifestyle has been declining since 2019, despite the measures currently implemented. To improve the situation, it is necessary to develop specific effective measures to motivate and encourage citizens including children to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
 The purpose of the study was to investigate the components of the health-related aspect of the schoolchildren’s lifestyle during the study at school to develop proposals for improving the management of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for schoolchildren, in particular, motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
 Material and methods. The study was conducted on the base of a municipal educational institution — secondary school No. 8 with in-depth study of individual subjects of the urban district of Zhukovsky, Moscow Region. A total of six hundred fifty completed depersonalized (anonymous) questionnaires were collected.
 Results. Smoking and using nicotine-containing products by the majority of the family has been confirmed to have a negative impact on smoking and using such products by schoolchildren, which proves the obligation to take into account the family aspect in the development and implementation of health measures aimed at combating smoking and usage of nicotine-containing products. The most common violations of the principles of a healthy lifestyle among the respondents, the most popular channels for obtaining information about a healthy lifestyle and the methods preferred by respondents to encourage healthy lifestyles in the three study groups were identified.
 Limitations. When studying the components of the health-related aspect of the lifestyle of students of secondary school No. 8 with in-depth study of individual subjects of the urban district of Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, 650 questionnaires were evaluated, which is a sufficient reference sample.
 Conclusion. The obtained results allow not only to form an idea of the studied aspects of the schoolchildren’s lifestyle, but also serve as the basis for developing proposals for improving the organization of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for schoolchildren, in particular, motivation for a healthier lifestyle.

Воспитание и обучение детей в Италии эпохи Возрождения

The article tells about family upbringing and educational opportunities for children from wealthy families in Renaissance Italy. Renaissance Italian families were patriarchal and multi-generational. The stable position of the family required the presence of a sufficient number of children. Wealthy and noble families helped their heirs get a good education. The children received their primary education in private and municipal educational institutions. Higher education was provided by universities, in the teaching of which humanistic tendencies were growing.

The level of adaptation to learning among first-graders brought up in families with different types of child-parent relationships

The subject of the study is the relationship between child–parent relations and the effectiveness of adaptation of first-graders.The purpose of the study is to determine the level of adaptation to learning among first-graders brought up in families with different types of child-parent relationships. The importance for a child of child-parent relations in a difficult period for him at the beginning of school education is emphasized by many authors. Often, the reason for difficulties in adapting to school lies in the lack of formation of personal forms of communication between a younger student and his parents, in the inability of parents to build communication with a child according to the type of "child – adult as equal", in the habit of a parent to communicate with an already grown-up child according to the stereotype formed in preschool childhood. The study was conducted on the basis of the municipal autonomous educational institution "Secondary School No. 19 named after A.V. Sedelnikov" of the city of Krasnoyarsk. 30 parents (mothers of first-graders) and 30 children aged 7 years were diagnosed. There is a direct relationship between child-parent relations and the adaptation of first-graders to school. Students who are brought up in families with a democratic type of upbringing are characterized by successful, full adaptation. Schoolchildren from families in which permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are the predominant types of child-parent relationships, incomplete adaptation and maladaptation prevail. The conducted research makes it possible to develop psychological programs to increase the level of adaptation of first-graders to education for parents with an authoritarian parenting style and for parents with a permissive parenting style.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРНО-ТВОРЧЕСКОГО КОНКУРСА 1950–1970-Х ГОДОВ ИЗ НОВОСИБИРСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО АРХИВА

This article publishes the work of schoolgirl Lyudmila Muravyova who won the first prize in the literary contest of the Palace of Pioneers in Novosibirsk in 1962. The children’s literary competition was an important part of the mass work of the Department of Art Education of the Novosibirsk Palace of Pioneers in 1950s-1970s. Its work is thoroughly documented in the annual formal reports of the Palace of Pioneers, which are stored in the Novosibirsk City Archives (NSA) in fund 143 of the Municipal educational institution of additional education for children of Novosibirsk “Palace of creativity of children and students of youth ‘Junior’”. Based on the documents from the archives, the article presents the organizational structure of the competition, the compositions of participants, organizers, the sequence of the competition, instructions for creative contests. The article contains biographies of the contest participants and their future fates in the field of literature and journalism, as well as biographies of the contest organizers and jurors. The appendix contains an essay Statuetka (“Statuette”) by Lyudmila Muravyova and a conclusion-feedback from writer Nikolai Osinin, a member of the contest jury, based on the results of the 1962–1963 academic year.

Knowledge of School Nurses on the Basic Principles of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Self-Control and Treatment in Children

School nurses should participate in the care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of school nurses about the basic principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and to attempt to determine the factors that influence this level of knowledge. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among school nurses from October 2018 to November 2019 in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. The study was conducted using a self-constructed questionnaire. The survey included questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, and a test of the knowledge and skills regarding the principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (16 test questions). This study included 168 Polish school nurses (mean age ± SD = 55.1 ± 8.9 years). Most of the nurses had a secondary education (81%), worked in a municipal educational institution (78.6%), and provided care to more than one student with type 1 diabetes mellitus at school (70.2%). The average level of knowledge of school nurses was 12.5 ± 2.0 points (maximum 16). The nurses working in a village school and those who worked only in one school had lower levels of knowledge. Only 85.7% of nurses reported that they could independently perform a blood glucose measurement with a glucometer, and as many as 56.5% were unable to determine the level of ketone bodies in the urine with Keto-Diastix test strips. Only 62.5% of nurses had a glucometer and glucometer strips in their nursing office. A total of 19.6% of nurses did not have glucagon (1 mg GlucaGen HypoKit®, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark) or an ampoule with 20% glucose for an intravenous administration. The knowledge of school nurses about the principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus is insufficient. Due to the strong increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents, it is important to organize permanent, continuous, and mandatory training on the principles of self-control and the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus for school nurses. The equipment in Polish school nurses' offices should be supplemented with a working glucometer and blood glucose test strips, and the set of obligatory medications in the school nurse's office should be supplemented with glucagon for students with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Modelo para fomentar hábito lector en primaria a partir de la cocreación

This document exposes the design of a model to create the habit of reading based on a co-creation process with third and fourth grade students, parents and teachers of the José Celestino Mutis Municipal Educational Institution (Fusagasugá). The methodology had a mixed approach, using sources of documentary research and field work, through surveys of 78 students and 11 parents, interviews with four teachers and six experts, the application of a reading log for 21 days and the workshop on co-creation. From the results, it was identified that students like to read, enjoy reading in textbooks and feel that it contributes to the learning process, however, half do not have books at home, and their parents are not motivated to create this habit, so the model proposes to train parents in the formation of said habit. Keywords: cocreation, innovation, reading habit, model

PREFERENCES FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ACTIVITIES AMONG THE YOUNG PEOPLE ON UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

This article presents the results of a study that aims to explore students’ preference for sport activities on campus. Based on a theoretical analysis of scientific publications, the preferences of modern youth for sports activities and possible proposals for their implementation on campus were identified. A survey was conducted among 1688 students of Stavropol State Agrarian University. Based on this survey, the conditions that affect the involvement of young people in sport activities on campus were identified using statistical procedures of factor analysis. The circumstances that cause students to skip sport activities were also identified. The data obtained during the empirical part of the study allows for informed planning of the development of sports activities on university campus. A research strategy and methodological tools were developed that allow us to study the possibility of implementing sports activities in municipal educational institutions, and in organizations of higher and secondary vocational education.

Quality management of municipal preschool educational institutions

Quality management of municipal preschool educational institutions

Innovative pedagogic activity from the standpoint of the ecopsychological approach

The article reveals the results of the empirical verification of the ecopsychological model of the formation of the subject of innovative pedagogic activity. The research sample was made up of pedagogues of municipal budget educational institution ‟Secondary School No. 15” in Vladimir (N = 40), which is a regional innovation platform for the implementation of the innovative project ‟Organisational and psycho-pedagogic conditions for the formation of subjectivity of participants in the educational process”. Innovative pedagogic activity is defined as one contributing to the achievement of a creative level of professional self-determination of a person with the progressive formation of its subjectivity in an organised cultural environment. Interrelations of productive stages of subjectivity and parameters characterising innovative pedagogic activity are revealed – attitude to innovations (r = 0.403), creativity (r = 0.483), openness to new experience (r = 0.412), attitude to complex tasks (r = 0.423). The interrelations of the productive stages of subjectivity and the parameters of the educational environment – ‟dominance” (r = 0.459), ‟coherence” (r = 0.436, ‟activity” (r = 0.481); severity of the integrative organisational and educational model (r = 0.468) allowed us to consider the teaching staff as a collective subject. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the formation of the subject of innovative pedagogic activity should be considered not from the perspective of the personal potential of the individual, but from the point of view of the formed organisational and educational model of the school, the parameters of the educational environment and managerial competences.

СТАН ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА ВЧИТЕЛЯ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The study of the problem of the current state of formation of professional and pedagogical entrepreneurship of primary school teachers in continuing education aims to analyze the content, forms and methods of development of this issue of the research category of teachers in postgraduate pedagogical education. We studied the experience of Rivne Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Municipal Educational Institution "Cherkasy Regional Institute of Postgraduate Education of Teachers of Cherkasy Regional Council", Poltava Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Chernihiv Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education named after KD Ushinsky Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Kherson Academy of Continuing Education on the formation of professional and pedagogical entrepreneurship of teachers within the training courses for primary school teachers. The educational programs of in-service training of teachers and the subject of in-service training courses in postgraduate pedagogical education institutions, which may be related to the formation of professional and pedagogical entrepreneurship of primary school teachers, are analyzed. The analysis of educational programs of postgraduate education institutions showed that the topics of lectures and practical classes, as well as special courses for students of advanced training courses in most cases are devoted to the following issues: financial literacy of teachers; leadership and leadership in education; project method; formation of life competencies in the conditions of open educational space; critical and creative thinking of the teacher, etc. There was no educational program related to the professional and pedagogical entrepreneurship of primary school teachers. Therefore, the prospects for further research will be the development of special courses and topics included in educational programs for in-service training of primary school teachers, related to the formation of professional and pedagogical entrepreneurship.

Training of lawyers in Ukraine: problems and prospects of improvement

The article examines the problems and prospects for improving the training of lawyers in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the current state of Ukrainian legal education is close to critical: the number of law graduates is much higher than the market demand, entrants show low results in entrance exams for law and employers are dissatisfied with their level of professional knowledge.
 Training of lawyers in Ukraine is carried out in the "degree" form: the possibility of obtaining legal education in educational degrees "junior specialist", "specialist", "junior bachelor", "professional junior bachelor", "bachelor", "master". In the introductory campaign of 2021, 286 Ukrainian educational institutions opened their doors to lawyers: 245 – "classical", which are subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine; 25 – "departmental", which are subordinated to the central executive bodies; 16 – private. It is departmental educational institutions that received 61.8% of the total state order of bachelors in the specialty 081 "Law", which significantly exceeds the amount received by "classical" educational institutions. The authors believe that this approach is unfair to entrants in law inconsistent with the provisions of Part 4 of Article 53 of the Constitution of Ukraine: "Citizens have the right to receive free higher education in state and municipal educational institutions on a competitive basis". This necessitates the improvement of the provisions of the Conditions of Admission to Legal Specialties to ensure justice as an important component of the rule of law.
 In recent years, Ukraine has been trying to find and implement an effective training model that would optimize and significantly improve the professional level of future lawyers, meet international standards and practices, could ensure the competitiveness of the best graduates and their employment. According to the Concept for the Development of Legal Education, this is seen as a model of "end-to-end master's degree" – a five-year training program for lawyers with a master's degree immediately after completing general secondary education (no bachelor's degree).
 According to the results of the study, the authors emphasize the urgent need to improve national educational legislation, taking into account the positive experience of training lawyers in foreign countries and its adaptation to international standards and practices.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHARING ECONOMY IN THE FORMATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL CLUSTER

This article is devoted to the research of the cluster’s formation of educational services in the conditions of the development of economic relations, which reflect the modern manifestations of the sharing economy. The cluster of educational services is considered the example of a municipal autonomous educational institution in Krasnoyarsk, forming a complex of interacting participants characterized by geographical connectivity. The cluster's activities reflect not only educational processes, for the purpose of improving and accessibility of which it was created, but also economic relations that affect their effectiveness. A range of unresolved problems such as the impact of regulatory regulation, the existence of contractual relations and the need to elaborate a specific concept development is identified when a cluster is formed. Consequently, the study of these processes is crucial and it determines the relevance of the chosen scientific direction.