Mung Bean Sprouts Research Articles

Application of plasma activated water for decontamination of alfalfa and mung bean seeds

Microbial contamination of fresh produce is a major public health concern, with the number of associated disease outbreaks increasing in recent years. The consumption of sprouted beans and seeds is of particular concern, as these foodstuffs are generally consumed raw, and are produced in conditions favourable for the growth of zoonotic pathogens, if present in seeds prior to sprouting or in irrigation water.This work aimed to evaluate the activity of plasma activated water (PAW) as a disinfecting agent for alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds, during seed soaking. Each seed type was inoculated with Escherichia coli O157, E. coli O104, Listeria monocytogenes or Salmonella Montevideo, and treated with PAW for different times. A combination of PAW and ultrasound treatment was also evaluated. The germination and growth rate of both seeds were assessed after PAW treatments.PAW was demonstrated to have disinfecting ability on sprouted seeds, with reductions of up to Log10 1.67 cfu/g in alfalfa seeds inoculated with E. coli O104, and a reduction of Log10 1.76 cfu/g for mung bean seeds inoculated with E. coli O157 observed. The germination and growth rate of alfalfa and mung bean sprouts were not affected by the PAW treatments. The combination of a PAW treatment and ultrasound resulted in increased antimicrobial activity, with a reduction of Log10 3.48 cfu/g of S. Montevideo in mung bean seeds observed.These results demonstrate the potential for PAW to be used for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms which may be present on sprouted seeds and beans, thereby providing greater assurance of produce safety.

Effects of aquaponic system on growth and nutrients content and sustainable production of sprouts in urban area

An aquaponic system in urban area was designed and combined fish culture with sprouts production in a closed-loop system that mimics the ecology of the nature. In order to quantify the nutrients content of sprouts grown under different conditions, we conducted a factorial experiment with 3 types of growth conditions, routine cultivation (RC), circulating water supplement cultivation (CWSC) and aquaponic system cultivation (ASC), then produce sprouts (soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts and radish sprouts) under these conditions. The results showed that each sprout under ASC condition, height, weight (10 sprouts), vitamin C content, protein content and soluble sugar content were significantly higher than those under RC condition and CWSC condition. Each sprout showed significant difference in height, weight (10 sprouts), vitamin C content and soluble sugar content. The presence of Carassius auratus auratus can significantly promote the growth of sprouts in aquaponic system, and increase nutrients content. Therefore, aquaponic system can be promoted vigorously in urban areas

A Simple Spectrofluorometric Method for the Determination of Total Auxins in Mung Bean Sprouts

Auxins play a very important role in plant development and growth. Herein a rapid and convenient method was developed for the quantification of total auxins including indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-butyric acid in mung bean sprouts by means of spectrofluorometry. Based on the same fluorescence properties of the compounds, a linear working curve was established between total concentrations of auxins and fluorescence intensities of their solutions. Under optimized conditions, correlation coefficient and limit of detection were found to be 0.9993 and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively, in linear range of 0.10–24 μg/mL. This method was successfully employed to the determination of total auxins after their extraction from mung bean sprouts, and the recovery was found to be in the range of 100–104% with RSD below 5%. This method has been proved to be simple, reproducible and accurate, also applicable for food samples without complicated apparatus and procedures.

Investigating the migration of pyrethroid residues between mung bean sprouts and growth media

To study the migration of pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin) from growth media (soil or water) to mung bean sprouts, pyrethroid residues were quantified using polystyrene-magnetic nanoparticles and HPLC-PDA. Pyrethroids reductions in growth media followed a double-exponential decline model (RMSE of 0.0068–0.1845), while the higher accumulation in the vegetable were observed in roots (0.50–6.75 mg/kg) than in sprouts (0.12–2.01 mg/kg). The accumulation was influenced by pyrethroid species, type of growth media, and plant parts. This study contributed a novel prediction method to assess the migration of pesticides from the growth media to the vegetable with the satisfactory sensitivity of the proposed detection method. The recoveries, detection limits (LOD), and quantification limits (LOQ) were 82.9–112.1%, 0.0627–0.1974 µg/L and 0.1892–0.6279 µg/L, respectively, for four pyrethroids. The research provided solid basis for future study of crops that can be used for bioconcentration of chemical hazards in environments.

Efficient preservation of sprouting vegetables under simulated microgravity conditions.

The effectiveness of a simulated microgravity environment as a novel method for preserving the freshness of vegetables was investigated. Three types of vegetables were selected: vegetable soybean, mung bean sprouts, and white radish sprouts. These selected vegetables were fixed on a three-dimensional rotary gravity controller, rotated slowly. The selected vegetables were stored at 25°C and 66% of relative humidity for 9, 6, or 5 d while undergoing this process. The simulated microgravity was controlled utilizing a gravity controller around 0 m s-2. The mung bean sprouts stored for 6 d under simulated microgravity conditions maintained higher thickness levels than the vegetable samples stored under normal gravity conditions (9.8 m s-2) for the same duration. The mass of all three items decreased with time without regard to the gravity environment, though the samples stored within the simulated microgravity environment displayed significant mass retention on and after 3 d for mung bean sprout samples and 1 d for white radish sprout samples. In contrast, the mass retention effect was not observed in the vegetable soybean samples. Hence, it was confirmed that the mass retention effect of microgravity was limited to sprout vegetables. As a result of analysis harnessing a mathematical model, assuming that the majority of the mass loss is due to moisture loss, a significant difference in mass reduction coefficient occurs among mung bean sprouts and white radish sprouts due to the microgravity environment, and the mass retention effect of simulated microgravity is quantitatively evaluated utilizing mathematical models. Simulated microgravity, which varies significantly from conventional refrigeration, ethylene control, and modified atmosphere, was demonstrated effective as a novel method for preserving and maintaining the freshness of sprout vegetables. This founding will support long-term space flight missions by prolonging shelf life of sprout vegetables.

EFFECT OF TRANSGLUTAMINASE ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF NOODLE ENRICHED WITH GERMINATED MUNG BEAN FLOUR

Germination is an effective process improving nutritional status of cereal and legume. This study evaluates the effect of germinated mung bean flour (GMF) (0-20%) on physical, chemical properties and cooking quality of egg noodles, as well as the impact of transglutaminase (TGase) on the physical properties and cooking quality of GMF noodles. Compared to raw mung bean flour, GMF showed higher total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total-extractable ash, Ca, Fe, K, P and Zn content with lower phytic acid. As the GMF ratio increased, cooking loss values also increased. TGase developed cooking quality with decreasing cooking loss and improving firmness. Noodles made with 20% of GMF revealed the highest total ash, HCl-extractable ash, protein, phytic acid, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. This study shows the potential of GMF (up to 15%) and TGase to produce noodles with high nutritive value and good consumer acceptability.

Higher NPK nutrients absorption due to the use of humic acid affects the growth and yield of baby corn applied with mungbean extract

This study aims to determine the growth and production of baby corn plants due to application of humic acid and mungbean sprouts extract. The study was conducted at the Teaching Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar from March to May 2018. This study used a factorial two-factor design that was arranged based on a randomized block design. The first factor was the application of humic acid consisted of control, 20, and 25 kg ha−1. While the second factor was the mungbean sprout extract concentration consisted of control, 5, 15, and 25 ppm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, resulted in 36 experimental units. The results show that humic acid treatment can increase NPK uptake by corn plants and improve soil chemical properties. However, the two treatments had no significant effect on the growth and production of the baby corn plants. Application of 25 kg ha−1 humic acid and 25 ppm mungbean sprouts extract showed the best results on the parameters of the plant height (107.28 cm) and the highest number of leaves (15.56 leaves). Highest production per hectare was obtained both from the application of 20 kg ha−1 humic acid and 5 ppm of mungbean sprouts extract, and application of 25 kg ha−1 humic acid and with 15 ppm of mungbean sprout extract.

Production Performances of Indonesian Native Rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) Supplemented with Germinated Mung Bean Sprouts and Acidifiers in the Diet

Production Performances of Indonesian Native Rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus) Supplemented with Germinated Mung Bean Sprouts and Acidifiers in the Diet

Light and Low Relative Humidity Increase Antioxidants Content in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Sprouts.

In the last decades, there has been a growing interest in the production of sprouts, since they are a highly nutritious food, particularly suitable for indoor farming in urban areas. Achieving sprout production in indoor systems requires an understanding of possible alterations induced by the microclimate. The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of presence/absence of light and high/low air relative humidity (RH) on mung bean sprouts. Morpho-anatomical development and functional anatomical traits in hypocotyl were quantified. The content of antioxidants, soluble sugars, and starch were measured for nutritional and functional purposes. Different RH regimes mainly induced morpho-anatomical modifications, while the presence/absence of light changed the content of antioxidant compounds. Increments in stele diameter at high RH suggest a higher water uptake and conductivity, compared to the low RH treatment; low RH and light induced anatomical traits improving plant water transport (reduced number of cortical layers) and increased the production of antioxidants. The overall results suggested that RH and light, already at the early stages of development, affect the plant’s nutritional value. Therefore, the combination of light and low RH allows the production of antioxidant-rich mung bean sprouts to be used as a food supplement.

Nutritional composition, enzyme activities and bioactive compounds of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) germinated under dark and light conditions

Changes in nutritional composition and functional properties of mung bean seeds germinated under the dark and light conditions for 96 h were investigated in this study. The germination caused the increased dry matter loss in mung bean seeds and the loss was higher in the seeds germinated under the dark condition rather than that under the light condition. However, protein, ash, total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, and enzyme activities of mung bean seeds significantly increased with prolonged germination time. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacities of extracts from mung bean seeds were also improved with germination, whereas the total essential amino acids (EAA) of the mung bean seeds was not changed. The mung bean seeds germinated under the dark condition contained higher TPC, TFC, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacities as compared to those germinated under the light condition. At 96 h of germination under the dark condition, the germinated mung bean seeds contained 31.9% protein, in which the amount of EAA was 40.92%. The TPC of the 96-h germinated mung bean seed extract was 7.19 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/g hulled seeds, which possessed 86.4% DPPH scavenging, and 72.7% and 72.9% inhibition against α-amylase and amyloglucosidase, respectively.

Identification and comparison of proteomic and peptide profiles of mung bean seeds and sprouts

The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare the proteomic and peptide profiles of mung bean (Vigna radiata) seeds and sprouts. Label-free proteomics and peptidomics technologies allowed the identification and relative quantification of proteins and peptides. There were 1918 and 1955 proteins identified in mung bean seeds and sprouts, respectively. The most common biological process of proteins in these two samples was the metabolic process, followed by cellular process and single-organism process. Their dominant molecular functions were catalytic activity, binding, and structural molecule activity, and the majority of them were the cell, cell part, and organelle proteins. These proteins were primarily involved in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and ribosome. PCA and HCA results indicated the proteomic profile varied significantly during mung bean germination. A total of 260 differential proteins between mung bean seeds and sprouts were selected based on their relative abundance, which were associated with the specific metabolism during seed germination. There were 2364 peptides identified and 76 potential bioactive peptides screened based on the in silico analysis. Both the types and concentration of the peptides in mung bean sprouts were higher than those in seeds, and the content of bioactive peptides in mung bean sprouts was deduced to be higher.

A SNP-Based Genome-Wide Association Study to Mine Genetic Loci Associated to Salinity Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.).

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilzeck var. radiata) is a protein-rich short-duration legume that fits well as a rotation crop into major cereal production systems of East and South-East Asia. Salinity stress in arid areas affects mungbean, being more of a glycophyte than cereals. A significant portion of the global arable land is either salt or sodium affected. Thus, studies to understand and improve salt-stress tolerance are imminent. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to mine genomic loci underlying salt-stress tolerance during seed germination of mungbean. The World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) mungbean minicore collection representing the diversity of mungbean germplasm was utilized as the study panel and variation for salt stress tolerance was found in this germplasm collection. The germplasm panel was classed into two agro-climatic groups and showed significant differences in their germination abilities under salt stress. A total of 5288 SNP markers obtained through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) were used to mine alleles associated with salt stress tolerance. Associated SNPs were identified on chromosomes 7 and 9. The associated region at chromosome 7 (position 2,696,072 to 2,809,200 bp) contains the gene Vradi07g01630, which was annotated as the ammonium transport protein (AMT). The associated region in chromosome 9 (position 19,390,227 bp to 20,321,817 bp) contained the genes Vradi09g09510 and Vradi09g09600, annotated as OsGrx_S16-glutaredoxin subgroup II and dnaJ domain proteins respectively. These proteins were reported to have functions related to salt-stress tolerance.

Potentially Bioaccessible Phenolics from Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean Sprouts Enriched with Probiotic-Antioxidant Properties and Effect on the Motility and Survival of AGS Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells.

Gastric digests from mung (MBS) and adzuki (ABS) bean sprouts enriched with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v were tested for their antioxidant potential, as well as antiproliferative and antimotility properties, in human stomach cancer cells (AGS). The digest of ABS contained quercetin and kaempferol derivates, while kaempferol and apigenin derivates were dominant in MBS. Compared to the controls, the probiotic-rich sprouts had a higher antioxidant potential—by 13% and 9%, respectively. Adzuki bean sprouts decreased the viability of AGS already at low concentrations (25% motility inhibitions). MBS and ABS displayed dose-independent cytostatic effects. The ABS extracts decreased the proliferation of AGS more effectively than the MBS extracts—0.2‰ ABS exerted c.a. 70% of inhibitions. Moreover, the phytochemicals from the probiotic-rich sprouts considerably reduced this activity. The increased vinculin level, the apoptotic shape of cell nuclei, and the reduced cell motility and proliferation indicate that the extracts exhibited cytostatic and cytotoxic activity.

Effects of Darkness and Light Spectra on Nutrients and Pigments in Radish, Soybean, Mung Bean and Pumpkin Sprouts.

Fresh sprouts are an important source of antioxidant compounds and contain useful phytonutrients in the human diet. Many factors, such as the time of germination and types of light, influence the physiological processes and biosynthetic pathways in sprouts. The effect of red, blue and white light vs. dark conditions on the quality parameters in different sprout species after 5 d of germination was evaluated. Total ascorbate, soluble proteins, sugars, phenolic compounds, and pigments, such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, and anthocyanins, were investigated in radishes, soybeans, mung beans, and pumpkin sprouts. The light treatments increased the contents of vitamin C and the various pigments in all sprouts, conversely, they increased the soluble proteins and sugars, including d-glucose, d-fructose and sucrose, in soybeans and pumpkins, respectively. The dark treatment prevented the decrease in dry matter due to the lighting, while the red light induced an increase in polyphenols in soybean. These results suggest that the nutritional content of different sprouts grown under different light conditions depend on the dark or specific spectral wavelength used for their growth. The manuscript may increase the knowledge on light use for the industrialized food production aiming at preserving the phytonutrient content of vegetables, increasing the consumer health, or developing tailored diets for specific nutritional needs.

Monodispersed mesoporous SiO2@metal-organic framework (MSN@MIL-101(Fe)) composites as sorbent for extraction and preconcentration of phytohormones prior to HPLC-DAD analysis.

The monodispersed mesoporous SiO2@metal-organic framework (MSN@MIL-101(Fe)) composites were prepared by grafting MSN-NH2 onto MIL-101(Fe) particles with a solvothermal method. The adsorption ability of thecomposites was greatly improved compared to that of pristine MSNs or MIL-101(Fe) for phytohormones (Phys). The MSN@MIL-101(Fe) composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometer, and mapping analysis. Using MSN@MIL-101(Fe) composites as sorbent, a dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure (dSPE) was developed to extract three endogenous Phys (abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-aceticacid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) and two exogenous Phys (1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA) and 2-naphthylacetic acid (2-NAA)) prior to HPLC-DAD analysis. The experimental parameters including sample volume, sorbent amount, adsorption time, adsorption pH, desorption time, and desorption solvent on extraction efficiency were optimized and evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the working range of 0.08 to 0.45ngmL-1 with enrichment factors from 144 to 207 were achieved. The linear range is0.75-200ngmL-1 for IAA, 0.20-200ngmL-1 for ABA, and1.0-200ngmL-1 for IBA, 1-NAA, and 2-NAA. With MSN@MIL-101(Fe) as sorbent for extraction of Phys and determinationby HPLC-DAD, two endogenous Phys (IAA and ABA) were detected from mung bean sprouts which were made in a laboratory, and the results were further confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The composites can be applied to extract other small molecules, which have similar chemical structures with Phys in biological, environmental, and food samples. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a dispersive solid-phase extraction using monodispersed mesoporous SiO2@metal-organic framework composites (MSNs@MIL-101(Fe)) as the sorbent for extraction, clean-up, and preconcentration of phytohormones in mung bean sprouts prior to HPLC-DAD analysis.

Mung bean Sprouts skin waste process for environmental sustainability

An important call for food sustainability in the face of the 2040 food crisis is the current trend. On the other hand, statistics show an increasing trend in food waste and cannot be adequately treated. This study seeks to provide an alternative food processing based on waste from mung bean sprout skin. The results of chemical test observations were analyzed based on parametric statistics using Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20. Based on the findings described above, it can be concluded that the prospective might bean sprouts skin waste to be processed food.

Antioxidant activity of various plant sprouts extracts depending on the processing method of plant material – an in vitro study

Summary Introduction: Due to the content of nutrients and taste attributes, the plant sprouts could become a valuable component of a healthy diet. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of various sprouts extracts depending on the processing method of the plant material. Methods: The extracts in 96%(v/v) ethanol were prepared from fresh, frozen, dry and homogenized sprouts of alfalfa, broccoli, radish, lentil, mung bean, beetroot, sunflower, and kale, using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The antioxidant potential and total polyphenols content were evaluated by the in vitro methods. Results: The highest antioxidant activity was observed for beetroot and kale as well as broccoli sprouts extracts. The lower potential, in general, was observed in the case of alfalfa, lentil, and mung bean sprouts samples. The lowest activity was observed most frequently for the extracts from dry material, whereas the highest for homogenized as well as frozen and fresh. Conclusion: The plant sprouts, particularly beetroot, kale, and broccoli, could be a valuable source of natural antioxidants.

Microevolution and Gain or Loss of Mobile Genetic Elements of Outbreak-Related Listeria monocytogenes in Food Processing Environments Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses have been instrumental in traceback investigations of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). To demonstrate how long-read sequencing analysis can capture and describe relationships among isolates from clinical, food, and environmental sources, we analyzed 366 long-read- and shotgun-sequenced isolates from 16 Lm outbreak strains associated with cantaloupe, leafy green, stone fruit, caramel apple, mung bean sprout, multiple cheese products, multiple ice cream products, and their production environments. The analyses demonstrated that outbreak strains could be distributed in different areas and zones of food production environments through persistent or repeated contamination. Multi-strain and multi-clone contamination were common. Further, WGS could differentiate among isolates collected at different time points or from different production lines in the same facility, revealing microevolution events in processing environments. Our comparison between complete and shotgun genomes showed that isolates of the same outbreak strain diversified mostly by gain/loss of plasmids and chromosome-borne prophages that constitute 2 to 5% of the chromosome. In contrast, other genes missing in the shotgun genomes were randomly scattered, constituting ~0.5% of the chromosome. Among different outbreak strains of the same CC, most gene-scale differences were due to gain/loss of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, chromosome-borne prophages, a Tn916 like transposon, and Listeria Genomic Island 2. The nucleotide variations in the same prophage and the same plasmid shared among isolates of the same outbreak strain were limited, which enabled different WGS tools to unambiguously cluster isolates of the same outbreak strain. In some outbreak strains, correlation between prophage gain/loss and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accumulations in the genome backbone were observed.

Bioremediation of oily sludge polluted soil employing a novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons for seed germination

Agricultural land pollution is key a problem globally, which is linked with growth of industries. Petroleum industrial sector is one of the major industrial sectors and the activities of petroleum industry lead to the agricultural land pollution. Oily sludge is a type of solid and hazardous waste generated from petroleum industrial activities. Hence, there is an urgent need to find remediation methods of the oily sludge contaminated agricultural land. Thus, the aim of this work was to study bioremediation of oily sludge polluted soil employing a novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluation of phytotoxicity on germination of Vigna radiata seed in pots. Five different approaches were adopted for the bioremediation studies, which included Bioaugmentation + Biostimulation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, natural attenuation and abiotic factors. Simultaneous application of P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 and nutrients in microcosm showed 92.97 ± 0.92% decrease in oily sludge with good hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count and decreased nutrient level in 56 days. Pot experiments on seed germination of mung beans (Vigna radiata) seeds was performed by pot experiments. 80.95% germination in five days in treated soil. From the results it was concluded that simultaneous use of oily sludge degraders and nutrient supplement could revive seed germination ability of oily sludge polluted soil effectively. This is first report of comparing five techniques to bioremediate oily sludge polluted soil using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by pot study using V. radiata seeds, showing that P. aeruginosa can be an efficient bioremediation agent and can be effectively used for remediation of oily sludge contaminated soil.

Synthesis of CdS nanotubes and nanospheres by living bio-membrane bi-template

Semiconductor CdS nanotubes with a small ratio of length to diameter and nanospheres were simultaneously synthesized in the light of bio- mineralization process through living bio-membrane bi-template of mungbean sprouts at room temperature. The outside diameter of the nanotube is 220－ 240 nm and the inner diameter is 200－220 nm, the length is up to 600－700 nm and the ratio of length to diameter is 2:1. The nanoshpheres are 25 nm in diameter and well distributed. The XRD pattern indicates that these nanocrystals were crystallized in the cubic structure with lattice a = 5.818 Å. The optical properties of the products are illustrated, and their possible forming mechanism is explored.