Multidestination Travel Research Articles

Analysis of Visitor Satisfaction Towards Provincial Parks According to Travel Route Choice Behavior Focusing on Chilgapsan Provincial Park in Chungcheongnam-do

Background and objective: Chilgapsan Provincial Park is located at the core ecological axis of Chungcheongnam-do and consists of a high share of Level 1 biotope areas, thereby requiring policy approaches for biodiversity conservation and efforts to preserve forest ecosystem services. At the same time, policies to improve service quality for visitors are needed. In particular, it is important to improve and manage service quality according to single-destination and multi-destination travel routes by subdividing visitors. The purpose of this research is to identify visitor characteristics and satisfaction towards Chilgapsan Provincial Park in Chungcheongnam-do.Methods: This study conducted frequency analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, and logit regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 version.Results: The results showed that landscape satisfaction was higher for single-destination visitors, but the overall satisfaction towards the provincial park was higher for multi-destination visitors. In addition, satisfaction towards amenities was low compared to other types of satisfaction. By travel route, visitors generally showed a high intention to revisit, with the mean exceeding 4 on the 5-point Likert scale. As a result of examining the effect on travel route through binomial logistic regression, The findings of this study have shown that age, landscape satisfaction, and visiting satisfaction had statistical significance.Conclusion: This study examined the variables that affect the satisfaction and revisit intention of visitors, improving the efficiency of provincial park management and operation. This study might be helpful to provide fundamental information for sustainable forestry management and policy measures associated with provincial parks.

Developing a tourism region through tourism and culture: bordering, branding, placemaking and governance processes

ABSTRACT China’s pre-pandemic national-level planning advocated a combination of culture and tourism to advance growth in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) mega-region. Culture is seen as increasing regional cohesion, with multi-destination travel products connecting subregions and cities. This paper examines perceptions of progress towards a coherent GBA cultural identity and its implications for tourism. We examine tourism stakeholder perceptions of the GBA, assess the prospects for the development of collective identities in the region and assess the prospects for implementation of the GBA brand. Surveys and interviews with stakeholders indicate that the prevalent top-down planning approach has so far generated limited regional coherence and may also be limiting bottom-up placemaking initiatives. Debordering between Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland cities offers opportunities for tourism development, but these have so far been limited, also because of intensifying competition between mainland GBA cities in international markets, challenging the implementation of an umbrella brand. Regional stakeholders so far show little buy-in to the overarching ‘quality living circle’ concept for the GBA. New governance structures may be to support the development of a coherent regional identity and generate place leadership to successfully combine top-down and bottom-up placemaking initiatives.

소셜 네트워크 분석을 활용한 울산 방문 외래관광객의 이동 패턴 분석

In order to analyze the movement patterns of foreign tourists visiting Ulsan, this study conducted social network analysis using the raw data of a 2019 foreign tourists survey. Through this, we tried to identify the tourist destinations they visited and to understand the characteristics of the network structure between the destinations. Furthermore, in order to understand the travel characteristics of foreign tourists that affect the travel planning, an analysis of differences between groups was conducted. As a result of the study, foreign tourists visiting Ulsan were largely classified into two patterns, one via Incheon International Airport and one via Seoul and Busan. Because the centrality index of Ulsan tourist destinations is low, indicating that attempts to improve centrality index such as increasing international air routes and charter flights are necessary. In addition, as a result of the analysis on the characteristics of multi-destination travel, the purpose of visit, travel type, period of stay, and nationality had a significant impact on visits through Seoul. Furthermore, on the number of destinations visited, the purpose of visit, type of travel, period of stay, and type of visitor had a significant effect.

Determinants of multi-destination travel in Vietnam: a rational choice perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the factors affecting travelers’ decision to select more than one destination in their trips. Drawn from the rational choice theory, this study posits that the selection of multi-destination tours, as a rational choice, is determined by the travelers’ perception of costs and benefits associated with that choice.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model was developed from both an exploratory research with in-depth interview and the literature. A logistic regression model linking four explanatory variables representing perceived benefits and costs of multi-destination option with travelers’ choice of multi-destination trips. The conceptual model is controlled for diversity of travel purposes; tour group size; type of travel arrangement and travelers’ demographic characteristics while the research context of multi-destination travel within Phu Yen – Dak Lak – Gia Lai – Binh Dinh helps control for the characteristics of the destination set (spatial proximity and traffic convenience). The conceptual model was tested based on data collected from 1,361 Vietnamese travelers who have ever visited at least one of the four provinces.FindingsThis study finds that perceived benefits in terms of diversifying tourism experiences and perceived costs of traveling in multiple places compared to taking single trips represent the most significant drivers for tourists’ selection of multi-destination tours. In addition, the diversity of travel purposes and tour group size have a positive and significant impact on the demand for traveling more than one destination in a trip. Moreover, the richer, older and married travelers have a significantly higher tendency to select multi-destination packages.Practical implicationsThe research findings provide important strategic implications for promoting multi-destination trips, thereby, maximizing economic benefits from tourism.Originality/valueWhile multi-destination travel patterns have been examined empirically in individual studies sporadically without a common theoretical background, this research makes some progress on this front by using the rational choice theory to connect the relative contributions of those factors to the travelers’ choice of multi-destination trips. Specifically, this study provides a new perspective in explaining the selection of multi-destination trips – from tourists’ perceptions about costs and benefits associated with that choice.

DMZ를 방문한 외국인 관광객의 다관광지 방문패턴 연구:패키지여행객과 개별자유여행객 비교를 중심으로

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the multi-destination travel pattern of foreign tourists visiting the DMZ, and compare the patterns between package tourists and FIT(free independent tourists). Design, data, and methodology -Using foreign tourist survey data, 901 tourists who visited the DMZ from 2014 to 2017 were analyzed. The demographic characteristics of package tourists and FIT were compared by applying chi-square tests. The multi-destination travel patterns were examined by using association rule mining, one of the data mining techniques. Result - The association rule mining showed that compared to package tourists, FIT visited more diverse tourist attractions in its itinerary. In particular, FIT visited historical tourist attractions and other trendy tourist attractions such as Gangnam stations. Conclusions - The study analyzed the spatial relationship between DMZ and other tourist attractions, suggesting implications for the utilization of DMZ resources and the development of linked tourism resources.

다목적지 여행에서 관광 목적지 간의 연결 패턴 조사

Continuous advances in tourism environments, such as in transportation and information technology, have enabled tourists to visit multiple destinations during a single trip and inspired multi-destination travel research. Yet theoretical development around multi-destination travel lags behind, particularly in systematically explaining the hierarchical structure of complex connections between/among tourism destinations. This study explores the connective patterns of tourism destinations by applying central place theory from geography. Data were drawn from the 2018 Daegu Tourism Survey, conducted by the metropolitan city of Daegu. These data were processed using several social network analysis techniques, including density analysis and normalized closeness centrality, to identify inter-destination connections. Tourists were also classified into two groups (high- and low-expense) based on their travel expenses. Results reveal clear differences in network density between these groups. The groups’ ranking of tourism destinations varied as well. Additionally, a central tourism destination was identified by the closeness centrality, indicating that central place theory can effectively convey the distribution patterns of tourism destinations in a city. These findings offer theoretical and practical implications to enhance tourism destination environments.

서울을 방문한 외국인 개별자유여행객(FIT)의 다관광지 방문패턴: 데이터마이닝을 활용한 첫방문객과 재방문객 비교

In the study of multi-destination travel patterns, the spatial associations of tourist sites may vary between tourist groups (i.e., first visitors vs. repeat visitors). In this study, FIT tourists" multi-destination travel patterns are explored using data mining methods. The purposes of this study is (1) to extract association rules of multi-destination travel patterns using inbound FIT tourists statistics in Korea, and (2) to compare the association rules between first visitors vs. repeat visitors. Association rule mining was ran on R3.6.3 program, and three parameters (i.e., support, confidence, and lift) were utilized. Results showed that there are 30 rules for the first visitor group whereas there are 9 rules for the repeat visitor groups. This implies that revisit tourists could be more focused and simple in their multi-destination travel patterns when visiting multiple tourist attractions in a city, compared to their counterparts. It is expected that this research will be used to develop tourist recommendation systems, provide tourist information efficiently, and establish a marketing strategy in conjunction with tourist associated destinations.

Multidestination travel of the Slovenian population

Abstract This paper focuses on the multidestination travel of the Slovenian population. It presents the results of a questionnaire survey that aimed to gain insight into some relevant characteristics of the travel behaviour of the Slovenian population and its links to factors that were found in previous research to be related to the incidence of multidestination travel. A destination was defined within this research as any location where an overnight stop is made. Single-destination trips prevailed. Still, a considerable percentage of respondents’ most recent trips had been multidestination trips. The greater part of them was directed to just one country within which they visited several overnight destinations. The results indicate that duration of trip, distance of destination from tourists’ residential location, familiarity of destination, travel-group size and tourists’ activities are associated with the likelihood of multidestination travel.

다목적지 여행에서 관광 목적지 순위의 결정 요인

Tourism has been recognized as a critical power for sound condition of regional economy. It is also essential to understand tourists’ multi-destination travel patterns for vitalizing regional tourism, since tourists tend to visit multi-destinations during their single trip. Applying Anchor-point Theory, this study investigated the determinants related to the ranks in tourism destination hierarchy, which was computed by social network analysis techniques, such as degree centrality. We used raw data of “2016 Korea National Tourism Survey” and “Regional Tourism Competitiveness Model Index,” conducted by Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism of Korea and Korea National Tourism Organization, respectively. Data were analyzed using social network analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that Haeundae was the 1st-ranked tourist destination in both in-degree and out-degree networks, and confirmed to be the anchor-point among other tourist destinations. Meanwhile, out of fifteen tourism competitiveness indicators, only the number of tourism accommodations was significantly related to in-degree centrality scores (ranks), while no other indicators showed such relationships. The results hold several theoretical and practical implications regarding travelers’ multi-destination travel behaviors and the relationship between the characteristics of tourism destinations and multi-destination travel of travelers.

Agent-Based Modeling of Spatial Spillover Effects in Visitor Flows

In this study, we apply an agent-based modeling approach to understand individual visitors’ multidestination travel patterns and the spatial spillover effects in visitor flows as an aggregate outcome. Based on previous literature, we specify three hypothetic visitor categories (global optimizers, sequential optimizers, and radial optimizers) according to visitors’ attraction selection rules. We conduct an ABM simulation with a sample of 341 Chinese cities as destinations and 1,990 attractions to measure the degree of spillover between destinations by observing the frequency with which visitors traveling across destination boundaries visited attractions in other destinations. The simulation results demonstrate slightly different spillover effects based on visitor type and highlight three regions with particularly strong spillover effects: the Bohai Rim region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and the Sichuan and Chongqing region. These results appear consistent with those of exploratory spatial data analysis in a validation check. Lastly, policy implications are provided.

Improvement and application of the multi-destination travel cost sharing model in recreation value evaluation of Zoige county

Improvement and application of the multi-destination travel cost sharing model in recreation value evaluation of Zoige county

방한 외래관광객들의 다목적지 관광 특성 및 만족도에 관한 연구

방한 외래관광객들의 다목적지 관광 특성 및 만족도에 관한 연구

사회연결망분석(SNA)기법을 활용한 중국인 개별관광객의 다목적지 방문 패턴 분석 : 서울, 인천 및 경기도 지역 관광지를 중심으로

사회연결망분석(SNA)기법을 활용한 중국인 개별관광객의 다목적지 방문 패턴 분석 : 서울, 인천 및 경기도 지역 관광지를 중심으로

Associations between space–time constraints and spatial patterns of travels

The space–time constraint concept was originally developed by Hägerstrand (1970), the pioneer of time-geography, to explain the constraints associated with human daily travel in space and time. Based on his definitions of space–time constraints (i.e., authority constraints, capability constraints, and coupling constraints), Shoval (2012) modified the constraints concept for tourism research. This study examines the associations between these constraints and spatial patterns of travels. The results indicate that authority constraints (i.e., the purpose of travel) are significantly associated with the macro level (i.e., single destination travel and multi-destination travel), while the capability constraints (i.e., the length of travel) and coupling constraints (i.e., the composition of travel party) are significantly associated with the micro level (i.e., multi-destination travel patterns).

Designing a Tourism Spillover Index Based on Multidestination Travel

The proliferation of multidestination trips provides valuable opportunities for regions to benefit from spillover effects generated by other regions nearby. To better understand the spatial patterns of multidestination travel, we propose a two-stage distance-based model. Results suggest that long-haul tourists (i.e., those who travel far from home) tend to choose a subsequent destination that is closer to the previous destination but farther away from their residences. In addition to sociodemographic and tripographic factors, we recognize the importance of spatial structure effects in determining the travel distance for a multidestination trip. Based on the model estimates, we propose a tourism spillover index to reflect a region’s potential to receive spillover benefits from multidestination tourists leaving a particular region. Finally, we discuss implications for marketing strategies to enhance the attraction potential of specific destinations.

Paid accommodation use of international VFR multi-destination travellers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the use of paid accommodation by international visitors who also stay with a friend or relative in another destination.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts analysis of secondary data to look at the proportion of person nights in paid accommodation attributable to visitors who also stay with a friend or relative in another destination, and comparison of different visitor groups and their likelihood to use paid accommodation.FindingsResults show that 14.5 per cent of all person nights spent by international visitors to Canada in paid accommodations were attributable to people who also stayed with a friend or relative in another destination. This proportion is higher for destinations outside of the largest cities and varies by source market.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is limited the structure of the secondary data set, which does not separate visiting friends from visiting relatives, and does not capture host behaviour.Practical implicationsThis paper has implications for destination marketers and tourism businesses as a source for reflection on drivers of their local and international business.Social implicationsThis paper helps position residents in a more central role regarding tourism in their regions and should encourage marketers and service providers to appreciate and engage residents as hosts.Originality/valueThis paper offers an original position by combining concepts from visiting friends and relatives and multi-destination travel that provides a foundation for further research in this area.

Constraints, nostalgia and North Americans’ visits to rural Europe

Goal and objectives of the dissertationGoalNorth America is the biggest long haul tourist market to Europe, but the number of tourists has been decreasing over the last years and most of these trips are to cities. In spite of the relevance of this market to Europe it has been understudied by researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of travel constraints, nostalgia and travel experience in shaping North American tourists' intentions to revisit rural European destinations.ObjectivesFor to achieve the purpose the work the following research questions were addressed:RQ1. What is the definition and scope of nostalgia, and how can this construct be operationalized in the context of North American tourists returning to rural Europe?Addressing RQ1 required following standard scale development steps as outlined by DeVellis (2003). To address RQ 1 the following hypotheses were tested:* H1: Nostalgia evoked by tourism has four dimensions, namely, personal, intrapersonal, cultural and virtual.* H2: Past positive time perception is positively related to nostalgia.RQ2. To what extent do travel constraints, nostalgia and travel experience influence North American tourists' intentions to revisit rural destinations in Europe?To address RQ2 the following hypotheses were tested:* H3: Nostalgia has a positive direct effect on the intentions to return rural Europe.* H4: Travel constraints have a negative direct effect on intentions to return to rural Europe* H5: Travel constraints have a positive direct effect on nostalgia.* H6: Nostalgia positively mediates the negative relationship between travel constraints and intentions to return to Europe.* H7: Constraints have a positive direct effect on negotiation.* H8: Negotiation has a positive direct effect on intentions to return to Europe.* H9: Experience in travel has a positive direct effect on intentions to return to rural Europe.MethodologyTo achieve the objectives of the thesis the methodology used was based on the application of a questionnaire-based survey. The research was done following several steps starting with an exploratory revision of literature. In the beginning the main theme of the thesis was to analyse multi-destination travel patterns of the North American market to Europe. First, the literature review showed that an analysis of the travel patterns of this market to Europe could be difficult, since it is a large territory, and eventually could not give clues to what could make this market to return and make rural holidays. The second step was based in an exploratory study undertake for three months in a region of USA based on a qualitative technique, namely, participant observation and semi-structured interviews. From this study resulted the constructs that were the theoretical basis for the construction of the research framework. After a review of literature and the development of the proposed model the program SPSS (version 19) was used for the univariate analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, t-tests and the program AMOS (version 19) to develop Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling analysis.ResultsFirst, the hypothesis regarding the composition of the nostalgia scale was validated and then its mediating effect on the relationship between travel constraints to travel and intention to revisit rural Europe, then the remaining hypotheses were analyzed through their inclusion within the structural equation model. The confirmed hypotheses are H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H8. The rejected hypothesis is H7. Partially accepted hypotheses are:* H6: Was rejected in its separate test, but accepted within the overall model.* H9: This hypothesis is partially accepted, because expertise does not affect travel experience.Theoretical conclusionsIn summary, travel experience, nostalgia and negotiation have a positive relation with the intentions to revisit rural areas in Europe. …

The Nature of Japanese Travelers' Multidestination Trips in the United States

This study seeks to understand the nature of travelers' decisions to visit multiple destinations during a trip. In order to do so, this study frames travelers' multidestination travel decisions as a result of the specifics of a trip, traveler characteristics, and destination characteristics. For empirical investigation, the spatial behavior of Japanese travelers to the United States of America (US) was examined. Published US In-flight survey data from 1997 were used to test the study propositions. Analysis focused on the influence of independent variables on the probability of visiting multiple states as compared to visiting a single state and, for multidestination trips, the likelihood of visiting more than one destination within a state versus across multiple states. The results of logistic analyses indicate that Japanese travelers' likelihood of visiting more than one state in the US significantly differ by gender, age, the number of activities undertaken, the number of transportation types used, trip length, main purpose of trip, and by main destination region The probability of visiting multiple destinations across states, in comparison to within a state, for Japanese travelers is significantly influenced by the number of previous visits to the US, the characteristics of the region in which the first stop was made, and main purpose of trip. This study suggests that considerations of destination characteristics, in addition to the specifics of trip and traveler characteristics, needs to be made in modeling approaches to travelers' multidestination travel decisions. This study also argues that a travel decision to visit more than a destination within a state in the US represents a different decision task for Japanese travelers from multidestination travel across several states.

Multidestination Pleasure Travel Patterns: Empirical Evidence from the American Travel Survey

This study explores multidestination travel patterns within the context of domestic travel in the United States based on the 1995 American Travel Survey household data. The results of a series of analyses show that a relatively high proportion of pleasure travel in the United States includes visits to multiple destinations; further analyses identify various patterns of multidestination travel. The findings indicate that destination marketing organizations need to identify specific destinations that can be strategically bundled to improve their marketing efforts.

IDENTIFYING ANTECEDENT FACTORS TO THE TRAVELER'S PURSUIT OF A MULTIDESTINATION TRAVEL ITINERARY

In recent times, several studies have investigated a particular form of travel known as multidestination travel. Such travel involves the tourist's decision to visit a minimum of two tourist destinations within a single travel itinerary and is particularly common in the context of international travel. In the Australian context, at least 60% of all international visitors to the country pursue a multidestination, as opposed to a monodestination, travel itinerary, whereby a destination is defined for the purposes of this study as a “tourism region” as designated by the Bureau of Tourism Research. While the literature has proposed a number of intuitive reasons that explain why a tourist is more or less inclined towards a multidestination itinerary, studies have yet to empirically investigate such reasons. This study presents the findings from exploration of a secondary database, the International Visitor Survey, on what factors appear to influence the extent of multidestination travel conducted by international visitors to Australia. The results of a multiple-regression analysis indicate the most influential factors include the tourist's desire to reduce existing travel risks, the need to accommodate variety-seeking behavior, and whether or not the tourist is visiting friends and relatives.