Multi-agent Participation Research Articles

Urban community security system model from the perspective of resilience: a study on Chinese cities

To enhance urban governance and bolster community disaster resilience, it is urgent to innovate and develop an urban community security system to cope with the complex and volatile social security situation. From the perspective of resilience, the concept, layout, and structure of the security system are organized. Considering the current situation and development trend of the social security system, and based on the constructed cost-capability model, the cost and benefit of the two modes are analyzed and compared. Subsequently, from the perspective of multi-agent participation, a game model between governments and enterprises is constructed. The evolutionary stability strategies of enterprises are analyzed, and simulation analysis is conducted on the factors influencing enterprises. Finally, to propose targeted improvement measures based on the community security capabilities of different communities, a grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is employed. The community security comprehensive capabilities of the top 10 cities in China are quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. The results indicate that the urban community security system from a resilience perspective is more comprehensive compared to the traditional security system. Adopting mode 2 is relatively effective to improving government emergency management capability. In a certain range, reducing C, increasing F, reducing R2, and increasing h can achieve the effect of promoting enterprise to participate in construction. The urban community security capability is within the upper-medium level in general, close to the level of good. The urban community security system constructed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate policies of the urban community security system and serve as a reference for strengthening the comprehensive capability of the urban community security.

Three-dimensional analysis of China's fisheries insurance policy: A tool-direction-subject perspective

ObjectiveInsurance for fisheries ensures the stability of fishing areas and stabilizes fishermen's lives. This research, derived from a numerical examination of 374 documents on China's fishery insurance policies, delves into the emphasis and limitations of current policies, offering guidance for developing and refining future fishery insurance strategies for both China and the globe. MethodsThe research develops a 3D analytical model encompassing policy instruments, directions, and stakeholders, examining how China's fishery insurance policies are distributed and utilized via classification of policy tools, coding of text content, statistical analysis, and complex interactions. ResultsRegarding policy instruments, those based on environmental considerations were the most commonly employed, while those based on demand were the least utilized. In terms of policy direction, it is biased towards supporting strategies such as organizing and implementing work and optimizing insurance operation mechanism. In terms of policy stakeholders, it is mostly reflected in the characteristics of policy implementation under the leadership of the government, while the initiative and participation of fishermen, fishery management organizations and insurance management institutions is not high enough. ConclusionGoing forward, both China and the global community ought to focus on these three aspects when developing fishery insurance policies. First, it's essential to broaden the impact of policy instruments that are based on demand and supply. Second, refine the policy tool guidance measures based on policy direction. Third, it is necessary to stimulate the vitality of policy-driven multi-agent participation.

Quantitative Evaluation of Digital Economy Policy in Heilongjiang Province of China Based on the PMC-AE Index Model

The digital economy has gradually become an important support for high-quality economic development, but the speed of digital economy development is affected by policies. A reasonable digital economy policy system has practical significance for the development of the digital economy. This study takes the digital economy policy text published by Heilongjiang Province from 2015 to 2022 as the research object, uses the method of text mining and content analysis, innovatively introduces AE automatic coding technology into the PMC index model, constructs the PMC-AE index model, and quantitatively evaluates and analyzes the policy text. The study found that the digital economy policy of Heilongjiang Province is at a good level as a whole, but there is still room for improvement. The digital economy policy of Heilongjiang Province is mainly based on guiding policies. The richness of policy types, participants, and incentives is insufficient. The limitation of policy timeliness is strong, and the cooperation of the issuing agencies is not sufficient. Based on the research results, it is suggested that policymakers should pay attention to the combination of macro and micro policies, promote multi-agent participation, enrich incentive measures, develop both policy guidance and supervision, improve the timeliness and consistency of policies, and strengthen the communication between the Issuing Departments. In addition, this study puts forward policy suggestions for specific government departments from four aspects of digital industrialization, industrial digitization, digital governance, and data value. This study not only provides policy recommendations for policymakers but also expands the field of policy evaluation.

Scientization or parametrization? Which system is more advantageous to environmental conservation in the reform of China's state-owned forest farms?

Government leadership and grassroots participation are the most typical institutional arrangements in natural resource management, a topic which has been the subject of vigorous debate for a long time. Individually, these systems are referred to as scientization and parametrization. This paper takes the reform of China's state-owned forest farms (SSFs) as a pointcut, comparing the effects of the 2011 policy (representing scientization) and the 2015 policy (representing parametrization) on environmental conservation. For the period from 2006 to 2018, China's provinces are analyzed via difference-in-differences (DID) and principal components difference-in-differences (PCDID) empirical strategies. The results show that the 2015 policy increased new afforestation by an average of 0.903 units, but the 2011 policy had no significant impact. The influence path of the 2015 policy was to curb corruption, relieve fiscal stress, and stimulate innovation, playing mechanism effects of 20.49%, 14.17%, and 33.55%, respectively. However, the 2015 policy was not ideal in terms of its goal of incentivizing multi-agent participation in investments in conservation. Investors prefer to attempt afforestation projects with shorter payback periods, especially projects related to open forest land. Overall, this study supports the belief that parametric management is a better approach to natural resource management than scientific management, but the latter approach still has limitations. Therefore, we propose to prioritize the promotion of parametric management on the closed forest lands of SSFs, but there is no need to hastily mobilize grassroots participation in open forest land management projects.

AI Carbon Footprint Management with Multi-Agent Participation: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis Based on a Case in China

AI is playing an important role in promoting sustainable development, but the carbon footprint caused by AI is scaling quickly and may partly offset the effort to reduce carbon emissions. However, recommendations for limiting the AI carbon footprint are lacking. In order to address this gap in the literature, this paper first constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model by taking governments, AI industry alliances, and consumers into consideration, and then exploring the impacts of key factors on these three players’ strategy selection based on the case of smart air conditioner consumption in China. The results show that the behavior of governments has an important influence on the behavior of AI industry alliances and consumers. The ideal consequence is that governments adopt an unregulated strategy, AI industry alliances adopt a green development strategy, and consumers adopt a green purchase strategy. Regulation by governments is indispensable for limiting the AI carbon footprint during an early stage but becomes dispensable when the system reaches an optimal state. Although a tendency toward green consumption, image benefit, regulatory cost, carbon price, and the subsidies given to consumers and AI industry alliances can largely influence the strategy selection of governments, governments are most sensitive to carbon prices and the subsidies given to consumers. AI industry alliances are not sensitive to subsidies, reputation improvement, and reputation loss but are most sensitive to carbon prices. Consumers are most sensitive to green consumption tendencies, self-satisfaction, and utility but are not sensitive to subsidies.

Utilizing the strategic concession behavior in a bargaining game for optimal allocation of water in a transboundary river basin during water bankruptcy

In basins that lie across multiple administrative boundaries, for instance in international river basins like the Nile, water tends to be contested especially during times of scarcity. Riparian countries sharing a transboundary river basin may emphasize the multi-dimensionality of their water demands to obtain access to a greater portion of the available shared water. As a result, the frequency and intensity of water conflicts may increase, hindering the sustainable development of riparian countries and threatening the security and stability of the whole region. Therefore, designing a fair, reasonable, and adaptive allocation scheme is of paramount importance to ensure the integrity of livelihoods and ecosystem health. This paper analyzed the general features of transboundary river basins and built an allocation mechanism combining Bankruptcy Theory with Bargaining and Concession games. A Bankruptcy-Concession-Bargaining Game Model (BCBGM) was constructed to ensure multi-agent participation, multi-stage negotiation, and optimal allocation. Considering the different water demand preferences and linked satisfaction functions, the framework yielded an optimal solution by making concessions on the water claims of riparian countries. As a case study, the proposed model was applied to allocate the limited water resources of the Euphrates-Tigris River. To further measure the stability of model allocation results, a model was built to evaluate the stability of water allocation. The results show that the stability of the allocation output from the proposed allocation framework was relatively high compared to those obtained from classical allocation rules, such as Proportion, Adjusted Proportion, Constrained Equal Loss, and Constrained Equal Award. The model's results satisfied the Pareto efficiency, individual rationality, and maximized group utility. Therefore, for the most part, the allocation outputs of the proposed scheme were generally self-enforceable and sustainable.

Study on the Coordinated Governance of Ecological Integration in the Yangtze River Delta of China

Higher quality integration of the Yangtze River Delta in China cannot be separated from coordination and cooperation in the field of ecological governance. Ecological integration is an important dimension and content in the process of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta in the future. Ecological integration mainly uses the overall concept and thinking to solve ecological problems by means of multi-agent participation, interest coordination and cooperation, which coincides with the theory of collaborative governance. Therefore, collaborative governance has become the evolution trend of environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta. Under the guidance of collaborative governance theory, it is necessary to strengthen the concept of multi-agent collaborative governance; Coordinate the interest relationship between the governance subjects; Build a sound collaborative governance mechanism. With a view to improving the coordinated governance of regional ecology and realizing and ensuring ecological integration.

E-commerce Platform Data Governance Environment: Concepts, Elements and Implications

Multi-agent participation in data governance is the future trend of data governance research. However, multi-agent participation increases environmental uncertainty for enterprises to implement data governance activities to a certain extent, and the externalities generated by data governance activities still need to be studied. Taking E-commerce platform as an example, this paper aims to explore the conceptual elements of data governance environment and provide practical guidance for promoting multi-subject participation in the data governance process. By using the methods of literature research and theoretical deduction, this paper defines the concept of data governance environment for the first time, defines the core elements of data governance environment, and defines the data governance environment of E-commerce platform as an interactive system composed of data governance participants such as government, platform and users based on system theory and stakeholder theory. It is the space for data and information exchange during data governance activities, and it is the sum of factors that can directly or indirectly affect the data governance process of each participant. E-commerce platform data governance environment is mainly composed of government-level environment, platform-level environment and user-level environment. The environmental elements at the government-level include data policy and industrial policy; the environment at the platform-level consists of data environment and non-data environment; and the environment at the user-level includes personal cognitive ability, personal data literacy and personal privacy awareness.

Analyses on the quantity, structure and allocation equity of stomatologists in China

Objective: To study the quantity, structure and allocation equity of stomatologists, in order to provide bases and advices for improving the allocation of stomatologists in China. Methods: On the basis of data from China Health Statistics Yearbooks and Brief Book of Administrative Divisions of the People's Republic of China, the general situation of stomatologists was analyzed by descriptive analysis. Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the allocation equity in 2010 and 2020. Results: The total number of stomatologists reached 2 780 hundred in 2020, which increased by 150.5% compared with that in 2010. The overall quality structure of stomatologists had improved. The gender proportion was balanced and the age distribution was reasonable. The team was mainly composed by the young people, in which the numbers under 44 years old accounted for 71.6% (1 991 hundred/2 780 hundred). The proportion of personnel with senior professional titles decreased to 7.9% (220 hundred/2 780 hundred) while the total number increased to 220 thousand. The distribution of stomatologists by population was fair. Gini coefficients of the whole country as well as the eastern, central and western regions were less than 0.3. Conclusions: The quantity, quality and allocation equity of stomatologists were still insufficient in China. It is necessary to optimize the human resources allocation for stomatologists. It is suggested to increase the talents supply through supply-side reform, medicine-education collaboration and multi-agent participation. And it is suggested to optimize criterions to improve the quality of stomatologists.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Shared Manufacturing Quality Innovation Synergetic Behavior Considering a Subject’s Heterogeneous Emotions

Shared manufacturing provides a new path for the transformation and development of the manufacturing industry, but challenges such as low quality and poor positivity for quality improvement limit the positive role of shared manufacturing. Considering the influences of heterogeneous emotions of subjects on quality decision making, the theory of rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) and evolutionary game theory were integrated to establish an evolutionary game model of shared manufacturing quality innovation synergy with multi-agent participation and analyze how sentiment affects motivation for quality improvement. The study showed that: (1) emotions, an irrational factor, can significantly change the stable state of the evolution of the shared manufacturing quality innovation synergetic system by influencing the decision-making behavior of decision makers; (2) in terms of the specific microscopic influence mechanism, rationality is the key to ensuring that the behavioral decisions of decision makers do not enshrine large systemic deviations. (3) In terms of the mechanism of heterogeneous emotions, when one party is optimistic, the deepening of the other party’s pessimism tends to bring positive effects; when one party is pessimistic, the deepening of the other party’s optimism tends to bring negative effects. The main management insights are as follows: (1) correctly recognizing and treating heterogeneous emotions of decision makers and regulating the formation and role of heterogeneous emotions of decision makers; (2) appropriately creating an atmosphere of pessimistic emotions, and guiding shared manufacturing to pay attention to manufacturing quality innovation synergy; (3) appropriately releasing favorable information about quality innovation synergy, and continuously promoting high-quality development of shared manufacturing. This study broadens the path of quality improvement in shared manufacturing and the scope of application of emotion theory in a certain sense.

Energy market optimization based on dynamic Pricing

With various social capital gradually into the electric power market, different virtual power plants will belong to different interest subjects in the future. The main development direction of China's energy market is to build a regional comprehensive energy market with multi-agent participation. Because the traditional power grid electricity price adopts monopoly transaction mode, the market enthusiasm is not high. In view of the situation, this paper proposes a two-level optimization model of master-slave game based on dynamic pricing. In order to encourage electric energy transactions between distribution network operators and multiple virtual power plants, distribution network operator solves the internal optimal electricity price according to the price response of virtual power plants in the optimization process. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can promote energy sharing among integrated energy systems.

Blockchain: A potential technology to improve the performance of collaborative emergency management with multi-agent participation

As the complexity of emergencies continues to increase, responding to them often exceeds the capabilities of any single public agency, multi-agent collaborative participation is an inevitable tendency in the development of emergency management. In the collaborative emergency response, it is important to support various responders with a unified platform to assist in decision-making, distribution of resources, and coordination of emergency operation. In recent years, blockchain has provided strong support for the innovation of emergency management mechanisms with its technical advantages such as distributed storage, decentralization, consensus algorithms, tamper-proof, traceability, and smart contract. This study firstly reviews the development of blockchain and its application in emergency management. Secondly, the connotation and key dilemmas of the multi-agent collaborative emergency management mechanism are expounded from two aspects of the multi-agent participation and the construction of a collaborative mechanism. Then, the possibility of using blockchain to facilitate the innovation of multi-agent collaborative emergency management mechanism is analyzed from the aspects of emergency management information sharing, resource storage and distribution, the rights and obligations of multiple subjects, supervision, reward and punishment. Finally, a conceptual model of a multi-agent collaborative emergency management mechanism based on alliance chain and public chain is proposed. The application of blockchain provides a new perspective and motivation for the innovation of emergency management system. This study provides a new method for improving the multi-agent collaborative emergency management mechanism, and is an important supplement and innovation to existing emergency management studies.

Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Low-Carbon Technology Innovation With Multi-Agent Participation

Low-carbon technology innovation (LCTI) is an effective way to solve the problem of global climate change and reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, using evolutionary game theory, this research constructs a three-party evolutionary game model of LCTI involving the government, enterprises, and consumers. Moreover, this research investigates the strategic choices of the three parties in the process of LCTI, discusses the stability of the equilibrium point. In particular, it analyzes the influence of different factors on the strategic choices of the three parties through numerical simulation. The results indicate that, 1) the government, enterprises, and consumers are affected to different degrees by each other’s initial willingness; 2) the intensity of government regulation, innovation subsidies, and carbon tax rates have different effects on enterprises and consumers; 3) consumers are more sensitive to innovation subsidies. These results could provide references for enterprises to promote the development of LCTI.

Application of Urban Management Pattern Innovation in Smart City Construction

Under the background of smart city construction, urban management has broken through the drawbacks of the traditional management mode, and more and more changes towards the development pattern of multi-agent participation, standardization and normalization. The development of modern science and technology has promoted the development of cities. This urban management model can effectively promote the formation of the current urban management pattern. After digital cities and smart cities, the development of information and communication technology has boosted the current smart city construction. At present, the innovation of urban management mode under the smart city is based on the support of urban public information platform, mobilizing the wide participation of the public through multi department collaborative management, and has a more standardized closed-loop operation process.

Mental health and well-being in rural communities - factors associated with suicide, and integrated responses

Introduction Despite similar prevalence of mental illness across Australia, suicide rates are 50% higher in rural and remote populations compared to capital cities. These data suggest the need for different strategies to prevent rural suicide.In response to a geographic cluster of local suicides in three different communities in rural Australia, this paper examines the factors identified by community members as being associated with suicide. It also details the implementation of a wellbeing-focused collaborative response in one of these communities.Theory/Methods In each community, analysis of existing publicly-available health and social determinant data was analysed. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and community members to identify their perceptions of factors in their communities (via thematic analysis). The combined objective and subjective data were fed back to each community via a report and community workshops wherein local responses were collaboratively developed.In one community, a documentation review and follow-up interviews have been held to examine implementation of the local response two years in. A retrospective program logic model was developed to frame the implementation of the response. Results Existing community data demonstrated that socio-economic factors were relevant in each of the communities. In the initial stages of each response [n= 99 (Community 1), n=56 (Community 2), n=153 (Community 3)] stakeholders were interviewed. In community 1, 65 documents were reviewed and 36 stakeholders interviewed to examine the implementation of the response. Common across communities was acknowledgement of the contribution of socio-economic factors and lack of integration at service, organisation and system level in health services, across agencies and community groups. The implementation in Community 1 also suggested a community-led collaborative model, with multi-agency participation, for response in other rural areas.DiscussionThe findings highlight the need for locally relevant integrated responses to suicide in rural communities which address broad socio-economic factors. Building on local community assets is essential for community empowerment and for sustainability. This initiative could serve as a model for other communities to address suicide, self-harm and improve wellbeing on a whole-of-community and multi-agency scale.Conclusions Communities recognised that there are multiple factors associated with suicide, many of which are outside the remit of the health sector. They also demanded that responses are tailored, locally relevant and integrated across the community and across agencies.Lessons learnedData from communities at the local population level was necessary for action and planning in each of the communities. Supported and sustained by local leadership from community members and from agencies, this enabled the development of a shared vision in each community and provided a platform for targeted strategies. Limitations To date, implementation results are reliant on perceptions of stakeholders only in one community only. There is limited assessment of impact to date.Suggestions for future research More rigorous evaluations of community-based initiatives such as described have the potential to inform knowledge about suicide prevention. However, the tension between the needs of communities and the requirements of rigorous research design need to be considered.

Chest pain management: Life and health pathway optimization

<p indent="0mm">This article on chest pain management focuses on optimizing life and health pathways from the management research perspective instead of from medical study. This approach prioritizes prevention and identification over emergency diagnosis and treatment and provides a feasible theoretical method for establishing effective chest pain management in China. Chest pain management began early in developed countries, and research progress can be analyzed from the dimensions of time, space, and resources. As the Internet of things develops, telemedicine technologies are increasingly used to predict, evaluate, and explore, the factors affecting patient survival rates in depth. Continuous optimization methods have become a new research trend. Practical evidence has proven that the reasonable allocation and timely scheduling of resources can improve the survival rate of patients, especially first medical contact (FMC) resources, which are now receiving additional attention. Compared with developed countries, chest pain management in China still faces great challenges, including: (1) A lack of resources, especially FMC resources; (2) multiobjective conflict: The coexistence of overtreatment and insufficient treatment; (3) multistage delay: Most high-risk patients fail to be treated in time; (4) multipath selection: A lack of decision support; (5) multiagent participation: A lack of effective connection; (6) multisystem data: Isolated barriers for links; and (7) coexistence of multiple modes: Lack of management consistency. Combining the development background of chest pain management with the current challenges in China, this article proposes an optimized path for chest pain management, including high-risk recognition, reasonable resource allocation, effective scheduling decision-making, and dynamic pretargeted control. To describe the process changes from chest pain to sudden death and the effect of optimization, a typical multistage survival curve model based on the research results of the relevant literature is constructed to explore effective strategies and organizational methods. Chest pain management should be aimed at preventing acute cardiovascular events, such as sudden cardiac death in high-risk patient groups, reducing mortality, maintaining survival level, and setting the optimization space for management breadth and intensity. The application of new technologies such as “Internet +” should be strengthened to expand the scope and increase the intensity of management. With the application of technologies, such as the Internet of things, telemedicine, and big data, the accessibility of FMC should be further improved, which will break the limitations of the “chest pain map” that only includes the distribution map of the chest pain center and then maps the time and space distribution of patients. The “chest pain map” should integrate knowledge maps, online and offline resource maps, and scheduling maps. Effective chest pain management will provide a feasible method: Optimization of life and health pathways. In summary, facing the high risk of frequent sudden cardiac deaths, China should expand coverage and improve the response ability of FMC, as well as optimize and innovate “Internet +” chest pain management to improve the capabilities of high-risk chest pain early warnings and prehospital first aid, thereby fundamentally increasing both treatment and survival rates.

Value co-creation mechanisms of multi-agent participation in crowdsourcing innovation: A grounded theory study

As a new business model, crowdsourcing innovation is widely used for enterprises to complete innovation tasks by the external crowds. The enterprises, the external crowds, and the crowdsourcing platform make an alliance and co-create value to achieve the multi-win goal. Based on the operation process analysis of the third-party platform crowdsourcing innovation model, this paper proposes that the essence of crowdsourcing innovation is the value co-creation of multi-agent participation. Based on grounded theory, this paper constructs the theoretical model of the realization mechanism of multi-agent participation value co-creation in crowdsourcing innovation from the three parties’ perspective. This research finds that value co-creation factors include six factors: task attributes, incentive mechanisms, trust mechanisms, the platform supports, participation motivation, and diversities. The process of value co-creation includes resource integration and interaction. The results of value co-creation include three elements: innovation value, knowledge value, and relationship value.

Research on the Professional anxiety of News Editors in the era of Intelligent Media

Intelligence-intensive media are in the ascendant driven by algorithms and data. New technology not only leads news editors into the intelligent era, but also has an impact on them. Artificial intelligence carves up the work of news editors, while virtual reality forces the news editing industry to change, and the new concussion of business format causes the professional anxiety of news editors. Based on the background of media intelligence, this paper analyzed the psychological mechanism of professional anxiety caused by intelligent media to news editors from three aspects: cognition, emotion and motivation, it also put forward the scientific cognitive model, the psychological model of the combination of defense and confrontation, and the efficiency improvement model of multi-agent participation.

People-centered early warning systems in China: A bibliometric analysis of policy documents

People-Centered Early Warning Systems (PCEWSs) is thought to be low-cost but effective, however, existing studies fail to discuss the basic characteristics of PCEWSs, how a PCEWSs should be built, and the extensible applications of PCEWSs. This study aims for making a significant contribution to the literature through the analysis of the PCEWSs trajectory of and fundamental shifts in policy pertaining to PCEWSs in the disaster domain in China. By using bibliometric analysis of policy documents, this study presents a comprehensive review of China's PCEWS policy system from 1977 to March 2020, which focuses on various types of disasters. The characteristics of policies and the contributing factors of the policy changes in each of the four phases are discussed in depth. Four main tendencies of PCEWSs are identified. This study provides a quantitative foundation for understanding the dynamic policy changes in China's PCEWSs and certain experience includes the disaster characteristics that PCEWSs are suitable to get involved, the orientation that experience and technology should be combined and multi agent participation which calls for more emphasis may serve as a basis for exploring the potential pathways to the effective PCWSs in other countries and regions.

Urban food waste management with multi-agent participation: A combination of evolutionary game and system dynamics approach

Food waste can meet diverse demand if treated harmlessly while may bring severe environmental problems if managed improperly. China is currently trying to facilitate food waste harmless disposal and resource utilization by urban food waste management. However, conflicts of interest among government departments, restaurants and waste disposal companies often make it difficult to achieve effective urban food waste management. This paper conducts a theoretical modeling and simulation analysis of behavioral strategy interaction of the above three participants by a combination of evolutionary game and system dynamics approach. To avoid opportunistic behaviors and regulation inefficiency that occurred in fixed penalty scheme (F-scheme), we introduce random inspection penalty scheme (R-scheme) to the tripartite evolutionary game in urban food waste management. Then an in-depth scenario analysis under F-scheme and R-scheme is carried out to investigate the influences of key variables on strategy evolution of participants. The results indicate that, compared with F-scheme, R-scheme contributes to both system stability promotion and practicality enhancement. Food waste treatment fee and regulation cost are influencing factors that respectively affect the strategic choices of restaurants and government departments. To a certain extent, exposure probability that represents informal regulation of the public and NGO can improve urban food waste management. Therefore, it is critical for government departments to adopt R-scheme, take advantage of the informal regulation of the public and NGO, gradually reduce food waste treatment fee and maintain a reasonable regulation cost to improve urban food waste management, thereby promoting food waste harmless disposal and resource utilization.