Morning Of May Research Articles

A Conversation with Charles Johnson and Maxine Hong Kingston

Charles Johnson and Maxine Hong Kingston each gave a riveting address to a large hall of scholars at the 2004 American Literature Association conference in San Francisco (May 26-30, 2004). They were equally generous with their time: they provided access to younger scholars, demonstrated noble patience while signing books for long lines of admirers, and made themselves available during several delightful dinners and even long walks through town. Scholars of American literature were treated to two equally impressive yet stylistically distinctive presentations: Johnson speaking urgently about the relationship between craft and representation, and Kingston braiding her notions about peace and beauty together through an improvisational ceremony. On the morning of May 29, 2004, Linda Selzer, Will Nash, Gary Storhoff Marc Conner, and myself--all members of the Charles Johnson Society--met with Johnson and Kingston over numerous cups of coffee to discuss a wide range of matters. While these two authors (who had never met previously) have rarely if ever been discussed together in scholarly contexts, they apparently share a surprising number of interests. Both authors spoke fluently about Buddhist philosophy and its relationship to artistic expression. Johnson has discussed his interest in Buddhism, which extends from a personal commitment to an evolving artistic aesthetic, in numerous essays and interviews, whereas Kingston has, to date, said very little about this subject. Each writer expressed vexation at the way reviewers and critics so often fail to get beyond race when apprehending the various phenomena which constitute a work of art. Finally, Johnson and Kingston each demonstrated a concern for the state of American culture that was at once light-of-touch and to-the-bone earnest. We also discussed in some detail the responsibilities of art, both to political and ethical problems in the worm and to the matter of aesthetic bliss. Linda Selzer: I'd like to start with a question for Charles Johnson. What is your attitude about cross-representation, about a writer of one race and gender representing another race or gender. How do you approach, say, the intimate construction of a female character such as Faith in Faith and the Good Thing, especially such intimate, gender-specific experiences as sex? Charles Johnson: I tend to be very cautious with sexual descriptions because, as we know, sex is a powerful subject. It's like playing with fire, a bomb that can blow up on you if you're not careful. But I want to know what Maxine says. Maxine Hong Kingston: When I wrote Wittman Ah Sing, I was seeing that as a big artistic challenge for myself. I saw my career like forty years before as being selfish--not ethnocentric but egocentric, just writing from a woman's point of view. And if I could--if I could write a male character, then it would be a great artistic breakthrough. And I believe I was seeing myself as such a limited person and as a limited writer if I could only stay within the bounds of the feminine and because there's the other half of existence and I'm not even trying to create male fiction characters. Actually, this struggle started when I was writing China Men and one of the ways that I approached this was to give myself permission; I had to have the faith that any one of us is free to be looked at from the point of view of any other human being on this earth. And I struggled against the critical discourse in which, you know, that you have no right to presume that you can inhabit another person's body and mind. So I thought, well, I'm not going to listen to that. It's restricting my freedom. It's almost like an out-of-body experience--what we can do is fly out of our own body and inhabit the body of somebody of our own race and class and gender. That's already very magical. We can choose any person that we can write from their insight. And so if I could do that with a Chinese American woman, why can't I do that with anybody? …

Athens 2005: “Come Holy Spirit—Heal and Reconcile”

On the morning of May 10 a large wooden cross, crafted in Jerusalem, arrived by boat at a conference center outside Athens, Greece. To the sound of African talking drums, nearly 600 participants in the first Conference on World Mission and Evangelism of the 21st century, received it and prayed together. The 5-meter-high cross contained wood salvaged from olive trees cut down in the building of the wall separating Israel from Palestine. It is a symbol of reconciliation and healing, and of churches standing in solidarity with Christians in the Middle East. Behind it in the opening procession walked delegates carrying banners for the previous twelve world mission conferences going back to Edinburgh 1910, that had been sponsored by the International Missionary Council or the World Council of Churches.

True Confessions of The New York Times

On the morning of May 26, 2004, New York Times readers found a note from the paper's editors on Page A10. The headline read From the Editors-The Times and Iraq, and the 1,000-word article that followed served as a disclosure that the Times had failed in its duty of both aggressive information gathering and careful reporting with a critical eye. Response to the note was fast and widespread as newspeople across the country commented on the paper's public admission of its flawed coverage. The editors' note, together with the responses it generated, provides a glimpse into the state of American journalism and the way those enmeshed in it understand and expect the practice to operate. Beyond serving a descriptive purpose, however, the texts can be used to start a discourse in the normative realm, to offer suggestions for how our understanding of journalism perhaps ought to change to better reflect the reality of what is truly a human institution. This paper provides both a descriptive and normative analysis of themes that emerge from the case, and it prompts both journalists and citizens to reflect on the practice and then continue moving forward through a landscape in constant flux.

The Black Blood of New Spain: Limpieza de Sangre, Racial Violence, and Gendered Power in Early Colonial Mexico

ON the morning of May 2, 1612, a Wednesday, thirty-five blacks and mulattoes (twenty-eight men and seven women) were escorted by New Spain's authorities through the streets of Mexico City. They were being paraded on horseback, shamed before the residents of the viceregal capital, before all were summarily hanged in front of a large crowd in the central plaza facing the church and palace. The bodies of some of the victims remained suspended in the air through the next day, which happened to be the celebration of the Holy Cross, the fiesta de Santa Cruz. The horrible spectacle did not end with the hangings. After consulting with a group of doctors about the fate of the bodies, Mexico City's royal tribunal, the Audiencia, ordered twentynine to be decapitated and the heads left to rot on top of the nine gallows (eight of which had been made for the occasion). The other six were quartered, and the parts were placed on pikes on the city's main streets and roads. Serving as potent symbols of royal power and of the marginal place occupied by people of African ancestry within the Spanish colonial order, the body parts were left on display until their stench became both unbearable and insalubrious for the residents of the capital. The thirty-five hangings were the tragic culmination of an investigation ordered by the royal Audiencia of rumors concerning an alleged conspiracy by blacks in central Mexico to rebel against their masters (slaveowners and employers) and to overthrow the government. After conducting a series of interrogations, colonial officials concluded that a

Renata

Renata Lakambini A. Sitoy (bio) Jordan Escovedo gunned the car up the road to the town where he'd been born. It was a hot, bright morning in May, though with the air-conditioning turned up to maximum he felt no discomfort. The vehicle was a Ford Telstar on loan from one of his provincial relatives. It was a lousy car, he fretted. Slick but cheap, the metal as vulnerable to the trauma of minor collisions as a tin can. He had driven better. But in the town of his destination, its teardrop lines were sufficient to enhance the macho mestizo image that had always flustered him and, in the latter part of his twenty-fourth year, now needled him incessantly. His birthplace was called Renata. A haven for decrepit humanity, an outpost without a middle class, it lay lost in the middle of sugar-cane fields. Now that it was summer the heat blasted off a million rows of dull-green cane, off leaves that, glinting in the sun, were like long, sharp knives. The land, when stripped of its harvest, was a vast tract of impermeable rock. A ribbon of dusty highway linked Renata to Monroy in the north and Fortugaleza in the south. They were all alike, these cane towns: church, plaza, school, municipal hall, disintegrating storefronts, faded residences all hugging a short stretch of asphalt, the hovels of the poor dotting the road for a few hundred meters or so before giving way to the fields. Tinted glass separated Jordan from the scenes on either side of him, and for a moment, sitting in the cool, isolated interior of the car, he almost convinced himself that he was still in the sheltered world he had left behind. He had a degree in legal management from Ateneo de Manila (though this distinction had been achieved after a series of indecisive shifts: in five years he'd been in premed, then into political science, before deciding that the road to a legal career and political prominence would begin in his ultimate selection). He hadn't known at his graduation that what seemed so turbulent was only a prelude to the real crisis. In the year that followed, he worked in a Makati firm amid the button-down yuppies, and it had taken all his strength to suppress the restlessness, the questions. In the end he'd had to leave. Now he was unemployed, and searching. He still looked like a student, in faded jeans, a blue shirt with sleeves rolled up to the elbows, sneakers. It [End Page 185] was an outfit of sterile simplicity. Yet it infused him, as he knew it did other young men of his sort, with a certain unattainable elegance. He could spot a fellow preppy anytime. He knew the upstarts, the pseudo-intellectuals as well. Dress up a stick and it remained a stick. Such people were of no consequence. Shifting his gaze idly to the passing detail, he saw that some of the fields had been reduced to charred stubble. Vaguely human figures, swathed from head to toe to protect them, wandered through the sharp stalks. Jordan steeled himself, averting his eyes from the sun-blackened children who ran screaming after the Telstar. In a classroom, he had once leapt to his feet and spoken passionately about the squatter shacks that he passed while driving to school. He had been so angry then, his helpless rage nearly palpable. But that was before the awful white heat of the silent fields had engulfed him, had become his reality. He had been driving through the sea of cane for only a couple of hours, but already his doubts were threatening to claim him. Jordan shifted to low gear, in deference to pedestrians and dogs, as he entered the town. Passenger tricycles blundered past, oblivious to the rules of traffic, tempting him to lay on the horn and plow into their midst. He controlled himself, lit a cigarette. Though he could easily have paid his way out of any sticky situation, he wished no unpleasantness. Inexorably drawn to the municipal building, he eased his car into the tiny parking lot. Arms folded, he stood...

On Sacred Ground: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature by Nicholas O’Connell

2 3 6 W e s t e r n A m e r ic a n L i t e r a t u r e S u m m e r 2 0 0 4 good jobs, levels of population to sustain cultural and service infrastructure. As one of the many maps indicates, more and more counties are falling back into the census definition of “frontier,” fewer than six people per square mile. Family farms, which on the South Plains were always capitalist and capital-intensive and often existed as the result of corporate distribution, would never in recent years have been able to sustain farming without massive government subsidies. Various solutions and mitigations are offered: increased tourism through national and state parks (especially Palo Duro Canyon), “nature farming” and more responsible use of water resources, even variations on the Poppers’ vision of “Buffalo Commons.” Only the last, as various authors point out, seems, because of dwindling resources and decreases in population, to have any chance of happening, though by default rather than planning. On Sacred Qround: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature. By Nicholas O’Connell. S eattle: U n iversity o f W ashington Press, 2003. 224 pages, $24.95. Reviewed by Nancy Pagh W estern W ashington University, Bellingham Nicholas O’Connell’s gentle study On Sacred Ground: The Spirit of Place in Pacific Northwest Literature is a welcome addition to the growing canon of Pacific Northwest literary criticism. Arguing that “a distinctive Northwest literature does exist, that its primary subject is the relationship between people and place, and that its most important contribution to American literature lies in articulating a more spiritual relationship with landscape,” O’Connell offers a lively follow-up to At the Field’s End (1998), his useful collection of interviews with Northwest writers (xix). The text is organized into six thematic chapters: early Native American stories, journals of exploration and settlement, the Romantic movement, real­ istic writing, the Northwest school of poets, and “contemporary” Northwest literature (1970s and 1980s prose). These are augmented by an acknowledg­ ments section that also serves as an annotated bibliography of the major critical studies of Northwest literature and a preface that introduces us to some vaguely defining features of the region’s geography and history and to O’Connell’s per­ sonal connection with the subject matter. The book will be enjoyed by general readers curious to learn more about Northwest writers or intrigued by the appealing focus on environmentalism and place. It provides an excellent starting point for either of these ventures, and most of the chapters entice the reader by offering a unique scene that brings alive an author under consideration. “As the fog lifted on the morning of May 18, 1792, Capt. George Vancouver sailed the sloop Discovery into the calm and sunny waters of Puget Sound, becoming the first explorer ever to visit this comer of the North American continent,” begins chapter 2, and all but b o o k R e v ie w s 2 3 7 one chapter follow in similar fashion. As a scholarly examination of western American literature and environ­ ment, the text has the most to contribute with its linkage of work experience and imagination in chapter 4 and in showing, in chapter 6, how the contem­ porary writers “consider the split between the human and the nonhuman as a dangerous illusion [that] encourages the destruction of the environment and the spiritual impoverishment of human beings” (179). O’Connell offers useful overviews and nuanced readings of texts and contexts in the latter part of the book (especially with Theodore Roethke and Richard Hugo), but earlier chap­ ters are superficial. The entire chapter on Native stories inhabits eleven pages; a subcategory on Roethke in chapter five fills eighteen. In chapter 2, O’Connell compares Vancouver’s colonial view ofpastoral Whidbey Island with that of the Natives, whom he depicts as not having an agricultural outlook. But Richard White’s well-known study Land Use, Environment, and Social Change (1980) has shown that the Natives of Whidbey Island shaped their own environment. My point is not to quibble over depictions of Whidbey Island; rather...

Ephemera strigata imagoes are the likely source of a parasitic nematode infection of fish

Ephemera strigata imagoes are the likely source of a parasitic nematode infection of fish

Product Recalls: Gaping Holes in the Nation's Product Safety Net

On the morning of May 12, 1998, Linda Ginzel left her 17-month-old son Danny at Sweet Tots daycare, just as she did weekday mornings. When Linda said goodbye to Danny, he was laughing as his daycare provider, Anna, tickled him under the chin. The next time Linda and her husband Boaz saw their son, that afternoon, he was lifeless, bundled in a receiving blanket by the emergency room nurses at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago. This is how Danny died. Anna put him down for a nap, just as she did every morning, in a Playskool portable crib. When she checked on him a little later, Anna found that the crib had folded up with Danny in it, trapping the child's neck in the V-shaped wedge of its collapsed rails. Apparently, Danny had grabbed the crib's top rails and tried to stand. Though the toddler weighed only 25 pounds, the rails collapsed under his weight, snapping shut at the center hinge. Danny had been asphyxiated by his crib (Eig 1998; Felcher 2000). Danny's parents, Linda and Boaz, both University of Chicago professors, are my friends. When Danny died, I was living in Boston, on leave from Northwestern University, where I taught marketing. A mutual friend called to tell me Danny had died. How, I asked her, could a healthy baby, the child of two safety-vigilant professors, be killed by a brand-name crib? She had no idea. I flew to Chicago for Danny's funeral. Gathered under a hot afternoon sun at the cemetery, Linda and Boaz's family and friends stood shoulder-to-shoulder in a tight semi-circle around Danny's grave. The mourners, mostly business school and psychology professors, were dressed in their best professional clothes, well-tailored dark suits and crisp white shirts, looking, I thought, as though they were ready to teach in an executive M.B.A. program. But once Linda stood to address the crowd, to tell us about her son's brief life, there was no mistaking what we were there for. Because he was only 17 months old, Linda started, most of you never had the opportunity to know him. A few days after the funeral we read in the Chicago Tribune that Danny's death had not been an isolated incident (Bigness 1998). The Playskool Travel-Lite crib that had strangled Danny had killed four other infants. The U.S. government had ordered it off of store shelves--recalled it--five years earlier. Danny was victim five. Six weeks after Danny died, a N.J. toddler became the Playskool Travel-Lite's sixth victim (CPSC August 20, 1998). So far, one out of every two thousand Travel-Lites sold has killed a child. We also learned that the Playksool Trave-Lite was not the only dangerous portable crib on the market. Between 1990 and 1997, more than 1.5 million portable cribs manufactured by Evenflo, Draco, Century Products, and Baby Trend had a similar faulty design, a center hinge on the top rails (CPSC August 21, 1998). An 11-month-old Los Angeles boy was the first child to die in one of the cribs in 1991, and Danny was the twelfth. Flying back to Boston, I jotted questions onto a cocktail napkin that continued to nag at me. What does recall mean, operationally? What does recall not mean? How many children's products are recalled each year? How many children are injured by products intended to keep them safe? How was it that I had a doctorate in marketing, yet I had never once come across a discussion of product recalls? By the time my plane touched down in Boston, I had vowed to spend the remainder of my leave-of-absence researching these questions. At the time, I had no idea it would take me over two years to find the answers, and to fully understand why Danny died. CONSUMER PRODUCT REGULATION The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is the federal regulatory agency responsible for overseeing the safety of consumer products in the U. S., including durable baby products, home improvement products (e.g., power tools, lawnmowers, drills, and ladders), and recreation equipment (e. …

The Question of Community in Charlotte Delbo's Auschwitz and After

terrorism, condemned to death by a special tribunal, and guillotined in Paris. Feeling compelled to join her comrades in the Resistance, Delbo returned to France, despite Jouvet's concerns. On March 2, 1942, she and her husband, Georges Dudach, both involved in the production of anti-Nazi literature, were arrested in their Paris apartment by French police and turned over to the Gestapo. Imprisoned at la Sante, they were allowed to see each other for the last time on the morning of May 23. Later that day, Dudach was executed by firing squad at le Mont-Valerien. Delbo herself was subsequently transferred to Romainville, and then, between January 24 and 27, 1943, was deported through Compiegne to Auschwitz in a convoy of 230 women, only 49 of whom returned. She spent the next twenty-seven months in Auschwitz-Birkenau, Raisko, and Ravensbrfick, and at the end of June, 1945, was repatriated by the Red Cross via Sweden.'

Maritime Masters and Seafaring Slaves in Bermuda, 1680-1783

HE grey dawn light on the morning of May 9, 1782, revealed to the masthead lookout of the Continental frigate Deane a strange sail on the horizon. Even at a distance, he guessed that the vessel with the raked-back masts to leeward was a Bermudian privateer. This late in the War of Independence, only fast runners, privateers, and warships cruised the waters off the Carolinas. She would bring welcome prize money to the Deane's crew, rounding out a highly successful cruise. Capture was almost certain, since she was caught on a lee shore with nowhere to run and her sixteen six-pound cannon were no match for the frigate's twenty-eight twelve-pounders. Trapped and out-gunned, Captain George Kidd struck his colors, and the Bermudian privateer Regulator fell prize to the United States navy.1 The men of the Deane were no doubt amazed to find that seventy of the seventy-five-man crew on the Regulator were black slaves. Kidd and his four officers were the only white men on board. A further surprise occurred at the vice admiralty court trial of the Regulator when, breaking with precedent, the Massachusetts justices offered the slaves among the

Phosphine poisoning in a German office

On a warm Monday morning in May, 2000, a 34-year-old female secretary went to her office in the middle of a German town. She noticed a strong smell of garlic on the stairs, intensified in the office itself, which prompted her six colleagues to open all the windows. They worked all the morning with a background smell of garlic. At noon, the weather took a turn for the worse, so they had to close the windows. The smell became more noticeable, and the secretary felt nauseated, and developed a headache and a sore throat.

Ground‐based and Polar spacecraft observations of a giant (Pg) pulsation and its associated source mechanism

Multi‐instrument observations of a Pg pulsation, which occurred on the morning of May 16, 1998, are reported. The wave signature was observed simultaneously on the ground, by the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network and in the ionosphere by the Doppler Pulsation Experiment (DOPE) high resolution HF Doppler sounder. The wave occurred in the morning sector and possessed an azimuthal wave number, m, of 30±5 with a westward phase propagation. Shortly before the Pg commenced, energetic particle instruments on board the Polar spacecraft detected protons with a non‐Maxwellian energy distribution drifting westward toward the location of IMAGE and DOPE. An investigation has been undertaken to determine whether these particles were involved in the wave‐particle interaction considered responsible for generating the Pg pulsation. Proton energies of around 7 keV, which occur at the low‐energy edge of the unstable distribution (where ∂ƒ/∂W>0), satisfy the drift‐bounce resonance relation, ω − mωd, for N=1. This result indicates that this particular wave is likely to be the result of a drift‐bounce resonance mechanism and that it has an even mode standing wave structure in the magnetosphere. This result is discussed in terms of previous observations of Pgs.

The Chinese Poet Awakens by Jeff Daniel Marion (review)

providing an historical, literary and cultural context, but also indicates to us that the editors chose to broaden the discussion rather than focus on one current affront to Appalachians and Appalachian Studies. In this section, Finlay Donesky, Rodger Cunningham, Herbert Reid, and Gurney Norman grind the lens fine as they critique The Kentucky Cycle, the minimal research undertakenby Schenkkanprior to writing the play, the easy acceptance of its inaccurate, simplistic and melodramatic view of Appalachia by much of America, and what such easy acceptance of stereotype teaches Appalachia about the dominant culture. As an Appalachian and a reader, this book is very important to me because it gives me new tools for understanding, analyzing and refuting some long-playing myths and stereotypes. In the end, this book may be most important and influential because it is such a comprehensive resource and because it will reach outside academic circles to help the region understand itself better. —Diana Hays JeffDaniel Marion. The Chinese PoetAwakens, Lexington. Kentucky: Wind, 1999. Illustrations by Elizabeth Ellison. 55 pages. Paperback. $12.50. In 1976 Jeff Daniel Marion interviewed poet Robert Morgan for a feature in Marion's poetry journal, The Small Farm. Morgan remarked abouthis own sense of delight in the small and ordinary, what Morgan labeled a Chinese mountaineer sensibility. Who knows if that remark may have been the inspiration for Marion's Chinese Poet persona? Only a short time after that interview, Marion's second poetry anthology, Tight Lines, was published containing the first Chinese poet poem, "The Chinese Poet Awakens to find Himself Abruptly in East Tennessee." One more Chinese poet poem appeared in Marion's next collection, Vigils, and six more in his last anthology, Lost & Found. Nearly 20 years have passed since Marion first introduced us to the Chinese Poet, and now readers can savor all of the wisdom of this Chinese mountaineer in Marion's newest collection of poems. The Chinese Poet Awakens reprises all the Chinese poet poems from previous anthologies and contains many uncollected and new poems. Designed by Kentucky publisher and poet Jonathan Greene and illustrated with emotive drawings by Elizabeth Ellison, The Chinese Poet Awakens is a lovely book, celebrating the small and ordinary, characterized by a steadiness and a patience unique to both traditional Chinese poetry and Marion's poetry as well. 59 A striking element of this collection is the formal announcement of the poems. The poem titles are proclamations by an outside observer, some narrator-scribe who has carefully documented the place, season, time of day, or weather conditions contained in the poems: "In MidMarch after a Long Winter the Chinese Poet Takes a Walk and Welcomes the Hint of Spring," or "The Chinese Poet Meets the May Apple Blooming on This First Morning in May," or "Too Long in the City the Chinese Poet Retreats to His Mountain Cabin in Late Fall." The playful details of the poem titles, however, stand in sharp contrast to the lyrical crispness of the poems themselves, almost all of them written in the voice of the Chinese poet. Burton Watson, the respected Chinese poetry scholar/translator, notes that the finest ancient Chinese poets were highly selective in choosing images, often focusing on the same trees, birds, or other objects of nature that were symbolic in the Chinese tradition. The same is true of Marion's poetry. Taking his lead from the ancients, (the first poem in the collection is aptly titled, "After Reading His Favorite Poets on a Long RainyAfternoon in September, the Chinese Poet Takes Up His Pen," Marion's Chinese poet journeys through seasons of nature and life, praising friendship, solitude, and always, nature. The images Marion chooses for these poems are rooted in nature, yes, but also in his own poetic style, and are thus familiar and richly symbolic to readers who know his work: sycamore trees, falling leaves October skies, dogs, the river, the moon, the greatblue heron, and food from the garden. Consider "Searching the Back Roads for Enlightenment the Chinese Poet Discovers the Pumpkin," which exemplifies the cycle of seasons as well as the discovery that memory is as integral to sustenance as stews and cornbread: Sly October wreaths the mountains, dangling...

Hi there! A message from founder and co-editor, Joseph Cautilli, M.Ed., M.Ed., CBA.

I remember the morning of May 30th, 1999 well ... I was in Chicago attending the 25th Annual convention for the International Association for Behavior Analysis ... and I received some frightening information: I had been elected editor of the Clinical Behavior Analyst, the newsletter of the special interest group (SIG) by the same name. This information was particularly frightening because I had never put out a newsletter before and now I was on the hook to put out three this year. Yes, three. The first newsletter is for the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy (AABT). I had recently initiated a SIG that grew pretty Quickly. This group, the Behavior Analysis Special Interest Group (BASIG), has as it's mission to provide a concentrated analytic voice among voices which are more cognitive and structural. We intend to emphasize functionalism said behavioral approaches to verbal behavior. As well, we hope to highlight the importance of conducting research from a strong theoretical base, sometimes lost in the ebb and flow of blind empiricism. Some areas of interest that will be reflected in this newsletter include Clinical Behavior Analysis, Behavioral Models of Child Development, Community-based analytic interventions, and Behavioral Philosophy. With the help of my co-editor, Beth Rosenwasser (iBRosie@aol.com), Craig Allen Thomas, David Reitman, John Forsyth (forsyth@csc.albany.edu), and Duane Lundervold (dlunderv@utep.edu). I began to envision a nowsletter that would interest the members of both SIG's. I was on the hook for yet one more newsletter. This time for an important organization fostering the credentialing of analysts in the state of Pennsylvania. Like Florida, California, and soon New York, my keystone state of Pennsylvania has begun to credential analysts and has suggested such a credential for hiring into the position of behavior specialist in its Behavioral Rehabilitation Program for Children and Adolescents. In addition, many in the Intermediate Units (IU's) were in the process of pursuing certification largely to meet the needs of children with Autism spectrum disorder and language delays. This was to be a very different newsletter. The goal of the newsletter was to help credentialed analysts maintain contact and to let providers and the state know that analysts are in the community and that we have a lot to offer. Fran Warkomski (fwarkoms@cisc.k12.pa.us), from the Bureau of Special Education's Instructional Support System, played an incredible role in bringing credentialing to PA and is a big supporter of empirically supported analytic interventions. I remember talking to her and letting her know that the newsletter was designed, in part, to demonstrate that those of us in the BA community were committed to more than just Autism. BA also offers much in areas such as: Schizophrenia, disruptive disorders, and redesigning social service organizations and service delivery models in the state. I then asked my colleague at Devereux, Michael Weinberg to help. He contacted Fran and attempted to revive the efforts to build a state chapter of analysis. He also led the way in contacting Dave Feeney (DistanceEd@aol.com), head of distance learning and the behavior2000 list serve (BEHAVIOR 2000-request@LISTSERV. TEMPLEEDU) at Temple University about building a web page for the newsletter. Only time will tell if these and other endeavors will be successful in getting our message out. Well back to the convention. With the friendly encouragement I received from Robert Hawkins, Kelly Wilson, Chauncy Parker, and others, I began to think: I can do this! After all, with the help of my friend, Craig Allen Thomas, (cthomas@tclc.com), we succeeded in getting together a list serve for the child therapy SIG (AABT). …

"Why Should You Be So Furious?": The Violence of the Pequot War

As dawn broke on the morning of May 26, 1637, English troops from the colonies of Connecticut Massachusetts Bay, aided by Indian allies, launched an attack on a fortified Pequot village in what now is West Mystic, Connecticut. Approaching undetected, they surrounded the fort then fired a deadly volley into the sleeping encampment. Quickly forcing their way into the stockade through its two entrances, the soldiers brushed aside what resistance the unprepared Indians could offer began to slaughter them. The troops, however, faced a problem: the encampment was crowded wigwams, each of which would have to be entered. The commander of the English troops, Capt. John Mason, rose to the occasion. WE MUST BURN THEM, he commanded, and immediately stepping into the Wigwam where he had been before, brought out a Fire Brand, putting it into the Matts which they were covered, set the Wigwams on Fire. Fires were set at each entrance to the fort with a traine of Powder, the fires of both meeting in the center of the Fort blazed most terribly, burnt all in the space of halfe an houre. The handful of panic-stricken Pequots who managed to escape the conflagration were cut down by the troops the Narragansett Mohegan Indians who ringed the stockade. Half an hour after the assault began, some four hundred or more Pequots were dead, the majority of them old men, women, children.1 New England had never before seen such combat. Whatever cruelties warfare among Indians had hitherto featured, the extent of violence was limited. Wars more resembled family feuds than they did clashes of armies, an emphasis on raids

The Rosewood Massacre: History and the Making of Public Policy

ON THE MORNING OF MAY 4, 1994, in a historic ceremony at the old capitol building in Tallahassee, Florida, Governor Lawton Chiles signed the first state legislation in the nation to compensate African Americans for past racial violence. Looking on were fifty survivors and descendants of families subjected to white violence over seventy years earlier in the small North Florida village of Rosewood. Also attending were several of the historians who had prepared the report, A Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, January, 1923, for the state legislature-the report that paved the way for the unprecedented compensation act.' Seldom is the work of historians so directly related to the outcome of the policy process. In the words of one of the compensation bill's principal sponsors, state Representative Miguel DeGrandy, The historians' report

The legislation of active voluntary euthanasia in Australia: will the slippery slope prove fatal?

At 2.00 am on the morning of May 24, 1995 the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly Australia passed the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act by the narrow margin of 15 votes to 10. The act permits a terminally ill patient of sound mind and over the age of 18 years, and who is either in pain or suffering, or distress, to request a medical practitioner to assist the patient to terminate his or her life. Thus, Australia can lay claim to being the first country in the world to legalise voluntary active euthanasia. The Northern Territory's act has prompted Australia-wide community reaction, particularly in South Australia, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory where proposals to legalise euthanasia have already been defeated on the floor of parliament. In New South Wales (NSW) the AIDS Council of NSW has prepared draft euthanasia legislation to be introduced into the Upper House as a Private Member's Bill some time in 1996. In this paper, we focus on a brief description of events as they occurred and on the arguments for and against the legalisation of euthanasia which have appeared in the media.

Blast ashfall deposit of May 18, 1980 at Mount St. Helens, Washington

The ashfall deposit produced by the major directed blast at Mount St. Helens on the morning of May 18, 1980 is a thin (≤, 65 mm), small-volume (0.03 km 3 dense rock equivalent), fine-grained crystal-lithic ash with a large dispersal area (> 10 4 km 2). The blast ashfall deposit is characterized by accretionary lapilli and smaller ash aggregates within 50 km of the volcano. The maximum deposit thickness, finest median grain size, most efficient sorting and largest and most abundant accretionary lapilli are approximately coincident and located 17 km north of the volcano, adjacent to a major reentrant in the northern margin of the devastated zone. It is suggested that processes of flow-convergence and arrested dispersal in the blast due to topographic barriers led to higher suspended ash concentrations in that area, resulting in increased aggregation and fallout of fine-grained ash. The most distinctive characteristic of the blast ashfall that indicates an origin from a directed blast is its combined features of chiefly dense lithic and crystal pyroclasts in a widely dispersed, fine-grained deposit. The common presence of shredded vegetation is a further indication of a directed blast.

Metastatic Lung Carcinoma Mimicking Acute Glomerulonephritis

A 68-year-old white man was transferred from a regional hospital in Nova Scotia for further evaluation of severe hypoxia and pulmonary infiltrates. This man's illness started on April 18, 1993, when he woke up at night with pleuritic chest pain in the left inframammary area radiating to the left shoulder and left lateral chest. He was seen the following day by his family physician, who initially prescribed a muscle relaxant and subsequently an antibiotic, with no improvement in his symptoms. On the morning of May 13, his left-sided chest pain worsened and he became markedly short of breath. He had no cough, sputum, or hemoptysis and there were no fever, chills, or rigors. There was no history ofleg swelling or trauma to his legs. He smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for most of his life, but had recently reduced to a few cigarettes daily. His initial investigations revealed a white blood cell count of 11 .300 cells/ilL, hemoglobin 14.9 g/dL, POz 65 mm Hg on room air, and creatine phosphokinase 67 U/L. Chest x-ray film showed linear opacities in the bases bilaterally representing areas of atelectasis with probable superimposed infiltrate, and a ventilation-perfusion (V /Q) scan revealed a large perfusion defect in the anterolateral aspect of the left lung superiorly and a second one in the perihilar region of the same lung, as well as probable multiple smaller mismatched areas interpreted to indicate a high probability for pulmonary embolism. At this stage, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made and he was started on heparin infusion, with the partial thromboplastin time adjusted to over twice the baseline. Subsequently. he developed further episodes of pain, intermittent low-grade fever, and hemoptysis, and the repeat V /Q scan reported slight adverse changes in the left upper lobe. He then underwent a bilateral lower limb radionuclide venogram that was negative for deep vein thrombosis. After a week of treatment with heparin. warfarin was introduced; when the patient's prothrombin time reached the therapeutic level, heparin was discontinued. On May 24, he started complaining of voiding difficulty and discoloration of his urine. Urine cultures were unremarkable, but he was noted to have proteinuria (0.3 gil) and hematuria (>250 red blood cellS/ilL) on urinalysis. On May 27, his chest pain worsened with deterioration of his oxygenation and he was sent to our institution for further evaluation of a pulmonary renal syndrome. At this time, a chest x-ray film revealed patchy peripheral air space opacification bilaterally, which was predominantly peripheral in location, with sparing of the apices and bases; he subsequently underwent a pulmonary angiogram that showed a marked decrease in flow to most of the left upper lobe and to the lateral aspects of the left lower lobe in association with attenuation of peripheral arteries and marked central pruning of some of the segmental branches in these regions. There were also a number of illdefined filling defects associated with these arteries, interpreted as late sequelae of extensive pulmonary emboli. There was mild renal insufficiency with creatinine 1.65 mg/dL; in addition, the above-mentioned urinary abnormalities persisted. Because a vasculitic process involving lungs and kidneys was suspected, the patient was started on pulse methylprednisolone and warfarin was discontinued. A nephrologic consultation was requested subsequently and a renal biopsy was performed on June 1 with no complications. Subsequently, the patient's condition deteriorated and he died on June 9, 1993, of respiratory failure.

日本における輸血マラリア 血小板輸血により感染したと考えられる熱帯熱マラリア１症例を中心に

[Case] The patient was a Japanese female, 70 years of age, living in Funabashi, Chiba, and had never been abroad. The woman was suffering from thrombocytopenia and received a total of 60 units of platelet concentrate during the period, 4-13 April, 1991. On April 24, she manifested a fever of 39°C which was successfully treated with Voltaren SuppoTM, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Her body temperature remained normal until May 1, when she suddenly developed symptoms of cerebral malaria, liver and renal dysfunctions. In the early morning of May 2, she lost consciousness and went into cardiac arrest. Giemsa stained thin blood smears obtained for blood cytological examination which were kept at the laboratory of the hospital, later revealed that she had contracted Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The parasitemia from examination of the slides were 0% on April 2, 0% on April 17, 0.06% on April 25, 5.5% on May 1 and 1.9% just before her death on May 2. Antibody titers against P.f. antigen were < 1 : 4 on April 25, 1 : 256 on May 1 and May 2. These parasitological and serological results confirmed that she accidentally received transmission of P. f. through platelet transfusion.The possibility of transmission of malaria through platelet transfusion has been discussed by Fajardo and Tallent (1974), who showed the existence of the parasite in a platelet of a P. v. infected patient by electron microscopy. Nevertheless, since platelet packs may contain some red blood cells, parasites could be carried by erythrocytes, platelets or both. Still, this report is the first case of induced malaria resulting from platelet transfusion, and the 75th case of transfused malaria in Japan since 1935.As the number of Japanese who went abroad and of foreigners who entered Japan increased, so did the number of imported malaria cases, which were reported to be not less than 100 in 1993. Therefore malaria is no longer recognized as a very rare disease in Japan, and the risk of transfused malaria from donors who have come back from malaria endemic places has to be taken into careful consideration. To date, routine examinations on blood supplied at Blood Centers are for hepatitis B and C, syphilis, adult T cell leukemia, and AIDS, but not for malaria. The questionnaire which is used in obtaining the medical history of donors rarely includes inquiries on a past history of malaria. Special attention has to be made for the safety of blood transfusion, reminding the danger of malaria transmission.