Morning Meetings Research Articles

ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PELATIHAN DI RUMAH SAKIT

Training management is crucial to ensure that the training process runs smoothly and meets both organizational and employee goals. At Hermina Hospital Bogor, 22.5% of employees have not met the minimum required training hours. The training process faces challenges, including limited space, incomplete attendance, and scheduling issues. This study aimed to analyze the gaps in training at Hermina Hospital Bogor, using both quantitative and qualitative methods from March to May 2023. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with three key informants, selected via purposive sampling, and observations of the training process. Quantitative data were obtained from implementation surveys and pre-post tests for the Isolation Awareness training, involving 31 participants. Qualitative analysis used content analysis, while the Wilcoxon test was applied for quantitative data. The training process includes needs assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Training needs are identified through gap analysis, covering issues raised in morning meetings, unit evaluation results, and proposals from stakeholders, competencies performance gaps. Implementation challenges include rescheduling and participant absence. Online training faces additional barriers, such as a lack of computers and poor internet connectivity. Improvements in training management can be achieved by developing training facilities, enhancing online tools and e-learning modules, and increasing participant involvement through the Documentation System application.

Quality of care provided to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tshwane, South Africa.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a public health challenge, affecting 90% of all patients with diabetes, globally. Compliance to treatment guidelines among healthcare professionals (HCPs) is low, thus resulting in inadequate quality of patient care and poor health outcomes among patients. To examine the availability of equipment, guidelines, screening and education offered to patients with T2D and compare between clinics and community health centres (CHCs). Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa. A cross-sectional descriptive study utilised a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from nurses and doctors responsible for treating patients with T2D, from May to June 2022. About 250 eligible HCPs were recruited during routine morning meetings in 22 clinics and six CHCs. More than 80% of HCPs reported having basic equipment except for ophthalmoscopes, Snellen charts (67%), tuning forks (64%), electrocardiograms (ECG) (46%) and monofilaments (12%). SEMDSA guidelines were reported by 16% of the participants, Diabetic Foot Care Guidelines were reported by 54% and Dietary Guidelines for Diabetic Patients by 55%. Furthermore, 91%, 71% and 69% of HCPs reported that ECG, microalbumin-creatinine and foot examinations were not always performed, respectively. About 66% and 17% always offered individual educational and group sessions, respectively. Equipment availability and compliance with treatment guidelines, patient education and screening of chronic complications are inadequate.Contribution:The study highlights the poor adherence to treatment guidelines and inadequate equipment in health facilities. These shortcomings could lead to missed opportunities for early diagnosis of complications and ultimately poorer patient outcomes.

Leadership in ophthalmology training : Opportunities and risks of medical specialist education.

Medical specialist training requires constant improvement and adaptation of the contents to the current situation. Nowadays, young physicians have the opportunity to select among the most renowned institutions and can choose the one most qualified for their training. Hospitals on the other hand still have the desire to recruit highly qualified physicians for their resident programs, which requires agood, well-rounded and reliable offer by the department under good leadership. Thus, among other issues amodern and multilingual homepage is already an important instrument for successfully addressing applicants and winning them over for the department. In addition to awell-planned and structured training plan (e.g., the "Homburg Curriculum") and aso-called "resident guide", many other additional offers are nowadays part of asuccessful training, such as structured internal and external specialist training courses, well thought out research concepts available to all interested parties, wet labs for practical exercises on pig's eyes and as the latest most innovative addition, avirtual reality simulator. Due to astructured curriculum with regular continuous education during the daily early morning meetings and an exchange program with another university eye hospital, not only the residents can benefit but ultimately also the department itself. In addition, future specialists are involved in the respective organization (so-called "service teams") from the very beginning. This conveys agreat deal of knowledge and expertise but also organizational skills and thus improves the quality of training. In any case, standardized residency training with aview beyond the horizon, which is transparently organized and reliably carried out, improves the quality of training in order to become acertified ophthalmologist and increases the satisfaction of the residents. Adepartment which is committed and can offer awide range of services will benefit from motivated and satisfied employees in agood interpersonal climate, which in the end benefits not only the team but also the patients.

WAYS OF APPLICATION OF HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN PRIMARY SCHOOL

The purpose of the article – to reveal and consider the essence of health care technologies; to determine and propose pedagogical conditions for the use of health care technologies in a modern primary school; to ensure a comprehensive process of implementation of health care technologies. In the course of studying the specified problem, we used the following methods: analysis of the source base, substantiation of the conceptual and categorical apparatus; determination of pedagogical conditions for the use of health care technologies in a modern primary school, observation, study of the possibilities of a comprehensive approach to the implementation of health care technologies. For the successful implementation of health care technologies in the educational process of a primary school, in our opinion, it is important to comply with certain pedagogical conditions, which we include: enrichment of educational subjects with health content and ensuring the interaction of all participants in the process of influencing the child. In the experimental classes, the school day begins with morning meetings, during which pupils exchanged compliments, encouraged each other, and mentally sent kind words to their relatives and friends.

Leadership in ophthalmology training : Opportunities and risks of medical specialist education

Medical specialist training requires constant improvement and adaptation of the contents to the current situation. Nowadays, young physicians have the opportunity to select among the most renowned institutions and can choose the best qualified for their training. Hospitals on the other hand still have the desire to recruit highly qualified physicians for continuing education, which requires agood, well-rounded and reliable offer by the department under good leadership. Thus, among other issues amodern and multilingual homepage is already an important instrument for successfully addressing applicants and winning them over for the department. In addition to awell-planned and structured training plan (e.g., the Homburg curriculum) and aso-called resident guide, many other additional offers are nowadays part of asuccessful training, such as structured internal and external continuing education, well thought out research concepts available to all interested parties, wet labs for practical exercises on pig's eyes and as the latest most innovative addition, avirtual reality simulator. Due to astructured curriculum with regular continuous education during the daily early morning meetings and an exchange program with another university eye hospital, not only the residents can benefit but ultimately also the department itself. In addition, future specialists are involved in the respective organization (so-called service teams) from the very beginning. This conveys agreat deal of knowledge and expertise but also organizational skills and thus improves the quality of training. In any case, standardized residency training with aview beyond the horizon, which is transparently organized and reliably carried out, improves the quality of training in order to become acertified ophthalmologist and increases the satisfaction of the residents. Adepartment which is committed and can offer awide range of services will benefit from motivated and satisfied employees in agood interpersonal climate, which in the end benefits not only the team but also the patients.

The Effectiveness of Coffee Morning, Press Meeting and Public Meetings in Distribution of Information in the Communication and Informatics Department of North Sumatra Province

Background: Communication is a need in human lifestyles, in regular lifestyles verbal exchange is used to engage among one person and another. Communication may be executed anywhere, together with at home, office, campus, corporations and organizations. Aims: This study aimis to know the effectiveness of coffee morning, press meeting and public meetings in distribution of information in the communication and informatics Department of North Sumatera. Methods: The verbal exchange method is largely a method of turning in messages. In the verbal exchange method, the content material of the message may be withinside the shape of facts, the want for facts is a completely crucial requirement in numerous human sports. Results: The Communication and Information Office of North Sumatra Province, in sporting out espresso morning sports as one of the habitual sports completed to carry evaluations, ideas and actual information about the company is believed to be able to reduce this. Conclusion: Coffee morning is as a means to share information between management and employees for the sake of the company's progress and supporting factors for achieving company goals. From the media employee relations communication that exists between leaders and employees through coffee mornings.

Improving Blood Culture Quality with a Medical Staff Educational Program: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Blood cultures (BCs) are essential laboratory tests for diagnosing blood stream infections. BC diagnostic improvement depends on several factors during the preanalytical phase outside of innovative technologies. In order to evaluate the impact of an educational program on BC quality improvement, a total of 11 hospitals across China were included from June 1st 2020 to January 31st 2021. Each hospital recruited 3 to 4 wards to participate. The project was divided into three different periods, pre-implementation (baseline), implementation (educational activities administered to the medical staff) and post-implementation (experimental group). The educational program was led by hospital microbiologists and included professional presentations, morning meetings, academic salons, seminars, posters and procedural feedback. The total number of valid BC case report forms was 6299, including 2739 sets during the pre-implementation period and 3560 sets during the post-implementation period. Compared with the pre-implementation period, some indicators, such as the proportion of patients who had 2 sets or more, volume of blood cultured, and BC sets per 1000 patient days, were improved in the post-implementation period (61.2% vs 49.8%, 18.56 vs 16.09 sets, and 8.0 vs 9.0mL). While BC positivity and contamination rates did not change following the educational intervention (10.44% vs 11.97%, 1.86% vs 1.94%, respectively), the proportion of coagulase negative staphylococci-positive samples decreased in BSI patients (6.87% vs 4.28%). Therefore, medical staff education can improve BC quality, especially increasing volume of blood cultured as the most important variable to determine BC positivity, which may lead to improved BSI diagnosis.

A comparison between the use of two speech-generating devices: A non-speaking student's displayed communicative competence and agency in morning meetings in a compulsory school for children with severe learning disabilities

This study examines the displayed communicative competence and agency of a non-speaking student at a compulsory school for children with severe learning disabilities. The use of two different speech-generating devices (a single-message versus a multi-message speech-generating device) and the assignment of participation role (having the role of ‘student’ or ‘teacher’) were compared in two morning meetings. The two interactional sequences ‘question-answers’ and ‘repair actions’ were chosen because they provide participants with opportunities to display communicative competence and agency. The analysis showed that the displayed communicative competence and agency of the non-speaking student differed in relation to the kind of speech-generating device and the associated participatory role. Furthermore, the displayed communicative competence and agency was a product of the close collaboration between the student and the assistant and teachers who scaffolded the process. The study shows that teachers and assistants can influence the communicative competence and agency of non-speaking students.

Building Classroom Community in Elementary Literacy Methods Courses

In this article, two elementary teacher educators provide a novel approach to building relationships and classroom community in their face to face elementary literacy methods courses. The authors present their classroom practice entitled “Tell Me Time” (TMT), mirroring morning meetings in K–12 settings, as the staple of building classroom community in their courses. They describe how TMT has been used to build student relationships with each other and with instructors through providing unique, personalized opportunities to socialize and connect through listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Threaded throughout, the authors detail specific feedback from students and highlight how TMT has helped students find common ground with one another and made them feel comfortable, cared for, and respected by their instructors. The authors describe the reasons behind implementing TMT, outline specific TMT activities and examples that have been most effective with their students, provide insight into how to integrate technology with TMT, delineate specific steps for successfully implementing TMT, and describe lessons learned from the implementation of TMT.

PERAN GURU PPKn DALAM MENANAMKAN JIWA NASIONALISMEN TERHADAP SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 ONOHAZUMBA KABUPATEN NIAS SELATAN

Nationalism is an understanding (teaching) to love the nation and its country or the awareness of one nation, which actually together achieves, maintains and maintains and serves the identity, integrity, prosperity and strength of the nation, the spirit of nationalism. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Civics teachers in instilling a spirit of nationalism in SMP 1 Onohazumba students at the Southern State Council and to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors for the role of the civics teacher in introducing national blessings in . students Research methods with qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniquesusing the steps of data reduction, data display, inference and verification. material validity using observation, triangulation, peer review persistence through discussion. The results of this study indicate that the teacher's role in instilling a spirit of nationalism in students is to set an example and lead especially in ceremonies and morning meetings. Barriers to the role of the PPKn teacherin instilling a national spirit in students is the lack of national spirit education material according to the curriculum, so teachers must look for other material related to instilling a national spirit, for example. for example the material about the pillars of the state. One of the supporting factors for the teacher's role in introducing a sense of nationality among students is the existence of counseling activities aimed at each student, where students are invited to find out the nature and character of these students one by one. Regarding the suggestions that researchers can give, namely always trying to improve activities related to the national spirit by providing instructions on the benefits of the activities practiced so that students understand the meaning of national spirit and attitude.

조선전기 조회의례(朝會儀禮) 중 관원 복식 연구

Jobok(朝服) is official attire worn for official morning meetings between monarchs and servants. It is worn as an official attire that applies to various situations. This study clarified the types and elaborate ceremonies of inquiry rituals based on the Codes of the Early Joseon Dynasty. It analyzed the attire of officials who participated in each tradition. This study reviewed the literature from a new perspective. Although it is essential information for understanding the situation of wearing clothes, we analyzed data that has not been noticed in the history of clothes. The study results are as follows. In a dictionary sense, government officials’ Jobok means clothes worn when meeting the king and is the concept of Jobok worn when participating in the morning meeting with the king. The official morning meeting is to greet the king, solidify the ruling order, and discuss political affairs. Moring official meetings for the early Joseon Dynasty were formalized as ‘Joha(朝賀),’ ‘Jocham(朝參)’ and ‘Sangcham(常參)’ in 『Gyeongguk Daejeon(經國大典)』. The official’s morning meeting attire was defined as Jobok, Gongbok(公服), and Sangbok(常服), according to the size and nature of the ritual. In the case of new year day and the winter solstice. the officials wear a Jobok to the king, a Gongbok to the prince in the morning greeting, and a Sangbok to the Jocham and Sangcham. In Sakmang(朔望), the officials wore Jobok but after 1433(the 15th year of King Sejong’s reign), the wearing regulations have changed to Gongbok. In the case of various rituals on the same day, such as the Lunar New Year and the winter solstice, the official wears Mangwolrye(望闕禮) and Jobok during the morning greeting to king and queen the official wears Gongbok during the greeting to the crown prince. Officials wear appropriate costumes for each ritual and move to the place where each ritual is performed to participate in the ritual.

Problems of project management in the hotel business in a pandemic

Project management is a prerequisite for the company’s sustainable development. The pandemiccaused great damage to the hospitality industry, so hotels began to develop separate projects to implementanti-crisis measures.Project management is not only a tool for achieving business goals, but also a mechanism for thestrategic development of the company. This is due to the fact that the achievement of strategic goals inany area is directly related to the effective implementation of individual projects.The purpose of this study is to substantiate the importance of project management as one of thedirections of anti-crisis measures of the hotel business in the context of a pandemic, to determine thelevel of maturity of project management and to form the practice of project management in the activitiesof Kazakhstani hotels. The article considers the activities of hotels in the southern regions of theRepublic of Kazakhstan. The results of the study showed that the experience of project management inhotels has not yet been formed, respectively, the success of implemented projects in risk conditions isreduced, so there is a need to introduce a project management maturity model as an evaluation tool. Themost frequently used tool in the hotel business is the holding of morning meetings and meetings, andthe identification of risks was in the last place. The tools of the planning process group are of paramountimportance in this industry. The selected tools are combined into project management process groupsand a project management practice for the hospitality industry has been developed.Key words: project management, hotel business, pandemic.

Benchmarking of Neurosurgery Training in Pakistan.

Introduction:Neurosurgery is a challenging field of surgery. A neurosurgeon has to be trained with the finest skills, knowledge, and competencies necessary to provide high-quality patient care. Maintaining postgraduate training standards is a challenge in Pakistan due to low budget allocation to the health sector. This study aims to assess the difference in parameters among different institutes in different sectors and provinces offering neurosurgery training in Pakistan.Methods:A nationwide survey was conducted by the Neurosurgery Department at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi, from November 2019 to February 2020. Data were collected through a questionnaire from neurosurgery trainees from all over the country. The questionnaire was divided into the following sections: Sociodemographics and infrastructure of training site, clinical skills training and exposure, knowledge-based education, and workload. The data were kept confidential and institutional names were not inquired or disclosed.Results:The response rate was 85.3% (151/177), with more males (80%) than females. The total number of trainees was higher in government than private institutions (P < 0.005). The frequency (P = 0.030) and number of trainees (P < 0.005) inducted per cycle was more among government institutions. Participation in international conferences was higher among trainees in private sector (P = 0.006). The frequency of clinics was significantly higher in private institutions (P < 0.005), though the number of patients seen per clinic was lower than in government sector (P < 0.005). At a provincial level, there was a significant difference in gender distribution (P = 0.020), total number of trainees (P < 0.005), number of residents per induction (P < 0.005), frequency of mortality and morbidity meetings (P < 0.005), morning meetings (P < 0.005), number of calls per week (P < 0.005), number of workshops attended (P < 0.005), exposure to radiation (P = 0.003), frequency of outpatient departments (OPDs) attended per week (P = 0.002), and number of patients seen per OPD (P 0.02).Conclusion:This study reported variability in the quality of neurosurgery training programs within public and private sector with even greater differences between the four provinces of Pakistan. We recommend continuous assessments and re-accreditation of these training programs through subject experts and health-care educationists to improve the quality of training programs; hence the quality of service and patient care.

6 Improving Patient Flow in a Multi-Specialty Assessment Area by Introducing Referral Pathways for Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has seen fundamental organisational changes to emergency departments internationally. Specialties throughout the hospital setting have been asked to change their working practice, often with the aim of adapting to new processes in emergency departments. Early in the pandemic, the orthopaedic team at one district general hospital were required to provide 24/7 onsite cover in a multi-specialty area. Confusion over the referral pathways of two specialties (orthopaedics and plastic surgery) led to increase waiting times, constrained patient flow and poor patient and staff satisfaction.MethodThis quality improvement project occurred over three cycles of data collection and intervention over a two-month period. A novel referral pathway was developed and implemented after discussion with consultants in orthopaedics, plastics, and emergency medicine. Interventions included staff teaching, clarifying of roles at morning meetings and the deployment of posters.ResultsIn cycle 1, 39% of orthopaedic referrals were inappropriately referred. By cycle 3, 0% of orthopaedic patients were inappropriately referred. Average time in department for patients referred to orthopaedics improved from 124 minutes to 88 minutes. Staff reported increased satisfaction, with appreciation for the clarification on referral criteria.ConclusionsThis QUIP demonstrates how simple interventions during times of crisis can solve complex organisational issues.

Use of public health emergency operations center (PH-EOC) and adaptation of incident management system (IMS) for efficient inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration for effective control of Dengue fever outbreak in Pakistan - 2019

Public Health Emergency Operations Center (PH-EOC) and Incident Management System (IMS) provides a platform for inter-sectoral coordination, and collaboration to enhance efficiency of response activities and help in effective control of disease outbreaks. Dengue fever (DF) is an emerging serious public health threat with a potential to transform into a public health emergency. Pakistan faced a heavy outbreak of Dengue fever (DF) from August to December 2019. National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad activated its Public Health Emergency Operations Center (PH-EOC) with an objective to implement principles and practices of IMS for control of the outbreak. The challenges during inter-sectoral collaboration for response activities were also identified. PH-EOC was activated on 16th September 2019, and remained operational for next 81 days till 05th December 2019. Incident management structure, incident action plan (IAP), and risk communication plan was developed and executed during this phase. Daily morning and evening meetings were held during all operational days. Federal and provincial health departments, district health offices (DHO), and government/private hospitals were coordinated for collection of the data pertaining to Dengue confirmed cases and deaths. As of 05th December 2019, a total of 52,877 confirmed Dengue cases were reported from all across Pakistan with maximum cases reported from Rawalpindi and Islamabad collectively i.e. 20,988 (40%), followed by Karachi 14,768 (28%), and Peshawar 2,699 (5%), while AJK reported 1,690 (3%). A total of 92 deaths happened all across Pakistan, out of which 43 (47%) happened in Karachi, 23 (25%) in Rawalpindi, and 22 (24%) in Islamabad. The response was coordinated through NIH based PH-EOC, but was carried out by relevant federal and provincial district health offices, vector surveillance programs, dengue control programs and sanitation departments respectively. As a part of response plan, vector surveillance, larva source management, and insecticidal spraying i.e. both fogging and indoor residual spraying activities were carried out in hotspots or the areas where confirmed cases were reported. Sanitation departments daily reported the removal of additional 80–100 ton of solid waste from hotspot areas. Hospitals were coordinated for reporting of isolation of DF patients and provision of quality clinical management for admitted patients. The International Federation for Red Cross/Crescent conducted community awareness, and covered 28,800 households in affected areas of Islamabad. Conversely, the DF outbreak was controlled 02-03 weeks ahead of previous years trends. All the coordinated activities were incorporated in a daily situation report (SitRep) and this was widely distributed among all the stakeholders through emails. Additionally, the data was displayed on the dashboard in PH-EOC. The data dashboard at PH-EOC served as an information management hub that visually mapped, tracked, analyzed, and displayed clusters of DF cases and hotspots. Accordingly, SitRep substantiated as the main reporting tool to monitor response activities initiated by rapid response teams at the national and subnational level. The inter-sectoral coordinating efforts made among concerned line departments resulted in a timely response leading to effective handling of a national public health threat. The information distilled from this experience was that the early and judicious activation of PH-EOC with adaptation of IMS under decision making leadership resulted in a well-managed and prompt response executed by different departments/stakeholders, and effective control of the outbreak before its transformation into a public health event/emergency of national or international concern.

Ранкові зустрічі: актуальність і функції в початковій школі

The article substantiates the relevance of morning meetings on the basis of the essential characteristics of the practice "morning meeting", the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of junior schoolchildren and the peculiarities of their social development in modern socio-cultural conditions and in a new social situation - the beginning of school life. The author also substantiated the system of functions of the morning meeting: the formation of life optimism; health-preserving; adaptation to school life; positive perception of a new social status / role; the formation of interest in the content of educational activities; acquiring a social identity with a classy team; socio-psychological adaptation; development of a system of communication skills; the formation of emotional intelligence; the formation of social intelligence; diagnostic. All the defined functions of the morning meeting are a system –interact, complement each other. The implementation of this system of functions is provided only if a set of psychological and pedagogical requirements for the morning meeting.

Підготовка майбутніх учителів до адаптації першокласників НУШ

The article deals with the main directions of preparation of future primary school teachers to ensure a successful adaptation period of first-graders. The leading forms of such work are determined: morning meetings, study of the psychological and emotional state of the child, determination of practical skills of students, interaction with parents. The analysis of various pedagogical sources allows to speak about preparation of future teachers for adaptation of first-graders of NUS. The problem of children's adaptation to school worries many educators and psychologists. Everyone finds their solution to this problem, based on the characteristics of children, their age, abilities, emotional state. An important task of adaptation is the physiological readiness of the child for school, so one of the first stages of adaptation is the transition to a new daily routine, which will provide the optimal combination of work and rest. It is noted that the process of adaptation of a first-grader takes 2 months and is carried out in 5 stages. The teacher studies the level of development of first-graders, observes them and determines exactly how the school adaptation takes place.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF J. L. AUSTIN’S SATURDAY MORNING MEETINGS FOR «CONTINUITY» OF OXFORD PHILOSOPHY

I will try to focus in my talk on the history and significance of the so-calledSaturday Morning Meetings—a scien-tific seminar that John Langshaw Austin (President of the Aristotelian society 1956-1957) organized in 1947 at the University of Oxford—forthe development of Oxford philosophy. The ideas that were discussed at these informal meetings were subsequently seriously developed within the philosophy literature, and many participants of the seminar became world-famous philosophers. The success of the Saturday Morning Meetings can be explained by the fact that it was not a formalized University institution, but a community of like-minded people who believed that only through joint discussion philosophical problems could be clarified.

Assessment of knowledge and practice toward infection control and prevention standards among intern doctors in Saudi Arabia

Background: Patients and healthcare workers are susceptible to health care associated infections if they are not compliant with infection prevention and control standards. There are no previous studies regarding the assessment of knowledge and practice of intern doctors toward infection prevention and control precautions in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study that was carried-out on 259 intern doctors at the main hospitals of Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants after validation during their clinical rounds and their morning meetings of their departments. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Out of 259 participants, the overall mean score for knowledge assessment was 79.4±7.52. For hand hygiene mean score was 23.53±2.66 out of 30, personal protective equipment mean score was 20.63±2.49 out of 25. A significant low level of knowledge regarding needle stick injury with a score of 19.18±2.50 out of 30. Regarding, knowledge towards isolation precautions, around 50% reported adequate knowledge regarding isolation precautions. Meanwhile, 78 (30.1%) denied receiving any form of training or orientation in infection control. Conclusions: There is a moderate level of knowledge and satisfactory level of practice among intern doctors in Riyadh. However, there was some misconceptions regarding needle stick injury and isolation precaution. Implementing infection control education and training programs is recommended before starting clinical practice.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN 1ST GRADE STUDENTS BY MEANS OF EDUCATIONAL GAME

In the article the problem of peculiarities of formation of communicative competence of first grade students with the help of educational games is analyzed. The initial level of formation of communication skills and abilities of schoolchildren is experimentally researched. The difference between the concepts of «communicative competence» and «language competence» is determined. The peculiarities are analyzed and the main ways of using games in the educationalprocess for developing primary school students’ communicative competence are determined.The influence of educational games on the level of formation of communicative competence is characterized. It is noted that communicative competence affects not only mastering the required amount of language and speech knowledge, but also the process of forming primary school students’ skills of practical use of language in speech and reflects their skills of communicating with others and ability to choose communication strategies and apply a set of relevant skills. The process of formation of communicative competence of 1st grade students involves mastering the skills and abilities of using means of verbal and nonverbal speech; development of dialogic and monologue speech; mastering the culture of oral and written speech and development of skills to navigate in a variety of communicative situations.It has been proved that educational games, because of repeated perception and reproduction of the material, provide strong memorization of lexical units and grammatical structures and influence motivated transfer and use in new gamequalities necessary for establishing contacts with peers.The pedagogical requirements for the use of didactic games during morning meetings and lessons in primary school are determined. In particular, it has been researched that games must correspond to age, individual characteristics and special educational and, in particular, language abilities; the form and content of the game must be substantiated pedagogically and didactically; it is obligatory to involve as many children as possible in the game and to use games in order to develop all kinds of speech activities.The article describes the author’s own pedagogical experience and provides guidelines for the use of educational games in the primary school educational process.