Modern Urban Planning Research Articles

РЕННОВАЦИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В САНКТ-ПЕТРБУРГЕ В 2000-х ГОДАХ: ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА, ПОИСКИ РЕШЕНИЙ, РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ

The topic of renovation of industrial territories and enterprises in St. Petersburg is one of the key issues for modern urban architectural and urban planning practice. Most of these territories are located near the historical center and therefore are an important territorial reserve for the development of the city. However, the renovation of these territories and enterprises is fragmentary and selective. This is due to the lack of a unified urban strategy for these transformations and the interest of investors. The consequence of this may be a real threat of the loss of the unique industrial heritage of St. Petersburg. One of the methods of solving these problems can be the study of the history and features of the formation of this heritage and identification of problems of transformation of industrial territories. The search for solutions to these problems may be in the direction of studying the project experience of these transformations, in particular the competitive experience of St. Petersburg. The subjects of discussion in this article are the results of project experience and the implementation of transformations of industrial areas and buildings, with the identification of positive and negative sides of this experience. The results of the article include the need to develop urban planning concepts for the transformation of various industrial territories of St. Petersburg with the involvement of both the city's leadership and the population of surrounding areas and potential investors. The result of these proposals may be a unified citywide strategy for the transformation and development of industrial areas.

Deployment Optimization for Shared e-Mobility Systems With Multi-Agent Deep Neural Search

Shared e-mobility services have been widely tested and piloted in cities across the globe, and already woven into the fabric of modern urban planning. This paper studies a practical yet important problem in those systems: how to deploy and manage their infrastructure across space and time, so that the services are ubiquitous to the users while sustainable in profitability. However, in real-world systems evaluating the performance of different deployment strategies and then finding the optimal plan is prohibitively expensive, as it is often infeasible to conduct many iterations of trial-and-error. We tackle this by designing a high-fidelity simulation environment, which abstracts the key operation details of the shared e-mobility systems at fine-granularity, and is calibrated using data collected from the real-world. This allows us to try out arbitrary deployment plans to learn the optimal given specific context, before actually implementing any in the real-world systems. In particular, we propose a novel multi-agent neural search approach, in which we design a hierarchical controller to produce tentative deployment plans. The generated deployment plans are then tested using a multi-simulation paradigm, i.e., evaluated in parallel, where the results are used to train the controller with deep reinforcement learning. With this closed loop, the controller can be steered to have higher probability of generating better deployment plans in future iterations. The proposed approach has been evaluated extensively in our simulation environment, and experimental results show that it outperforms baselines e.g., human knowledge, and state-of-the-art heuristic-based optimization approaches in both service coverage and net revenue.

Territorial'nye sistemy: zadachi reorganizatsii i kontseptual'nye osnovy ikh resheniya v formatakh gradostroitel'nogo planirovaniya [Territorial systems: Reorganization and conceptual basis for urban planning

In modern urban planning decisions, the conceptual basis is not systematically investigated and developed when determining the development prospects of regional settlement systems. The priority of such decisions is to meet the requirements for spatial planning, urban planning zoning, territory planning. This is not enough to ensure the integrity of settlements and planning principles.The paper identifies and characterizes the urban planning activities such as the development of territorial systems and quality improvement of living environment. Settlement system development largely depends on both basic regional conditions and readiness of territories to initiate urban planning. These processes have the greatest impact on spatial planning as an element of the strategic planning system.The proposed theoretical and empirical research methods allow to substantiate the transformation stages of settlement systems and characterize their change, formation principles of urban planning, planning, functioning, life cycle. The improvement of town-planning methodology is proposed. All this contributes to the development of regional settlement systems, which can decrease due to the permanent emergence of new urban planning phenomena and processes.

HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS OF THE CITY ORGANIZATION

The article considers the importance of the impact of cultural heritage as a big resource and part of the urban ecosystem is considered; taking into account historical and architectural aspects in the formation of the living environment, creating favorable opportunities for improving the quality of historic cities and urban areas based on their historical features. Areas of historic buildings as a particularly valuable and fragile part of the city deserve careful treatment and careful attention. When they implement a set of measures to improve the quality of the living environment, they need to improve the functional and planning organization of the territory and buildings, creating more comfortable microclimatic, sanitary and aesthetic conditions. Balancing public open spaces and dense buildings, taking into account the needs of residents in service facilities, regulating traffic to minimize congestion and harmful effects, encouraging pedestrian traffic, developing clean public transport, increasing energy efficiency and reducing pollution will contribute to environmental pollution city while preserving the living continuity of its history. Finding a balance between the housing function, which is gradually being supplanted in the historical quarters by the growing public, while preserving the qualities of historically valuable planning structure, buildings and structures, landscape to ensure a full environment is an important task of modern urban planning. The concept of urban development of a historic city is characterized by respect for historical values, structures and layers of different eras, spatial organization and traditional morphology; should include an analysis of archaeological, historical, architectural, technical, sociological, economic values, covering tangible and intangible elements. Preserving the identity of a place without obstacles to its evolution in order to develop the living environment is based on current standards and restrictions, legal, social, financial and economic factors.

Seoul through the Eyes of Foreigners in the End of 19th - Beginning of 20th Centuries

The paper examines the change of turban space in Seoul at the turn of 20th Century. The period is rich in events that influenced the formation of the modern Korean state: ranging from the “opening of the ports” in 1876, to the proclamation of the Korean Empire in 1897. At the same time, the country began the process of modernizing urban planning legislation. Urbanprojects were carried out under the Hansung City Improvement Project (한성 도시 개조 사 업) adopted by Kojong and his government in 1896 and continued until 1905. However, in modern historiography, the project is rarely considered as an example of modern urban planning in Korea. In this paper the diary entries, collections of stories, and memoirs of foreign diplomats who lived in Korea in the end of the 19th century are analyzed, along with papers from journalists and missionaries who traveled around Korea. The results of the analysis show that qualitative changes in the urban space of Seoul took place from 1896 to 1905, within the framework of modernization reforms of the period. The Hansung City Improvement Project should be considered as an example of modern urban planning in Korea, as it was initiated and implemented by the national government within modern legal framework, and Seoul became modern city of the early XX Century. The findings of the study are important for understanding the nature of the changes that took place in Korea, starting with the “opening of the ports” in 1876.

The Tall Building and Urban Space

If public spaces in the urban environment are seen as extensions of one’s home, then what role do tall buildings play in this setting? In terms of space, they can have various roles. They are visible from afar and often act as landmarks, but at the same time they give one a possibility to see the urban whole in its entirety, from above.
 One of most iconic images of modern urban planning and modern urban space – Le Corbusier’s plan for Paris – is shown from such a vantage point, depicting an urban area dotted with individual buildings set within a continuous spatial field. This modern space has often been described as open and homogeneous. The simplified general interpretation has further been complemented by the concept of heterogeneous space, paving the way for a more diverse spatial theory. Heterogeneous space has brought much needed complexity to interpretations of architectural space.
 Modernist space is revisited in this article, explored through two particular cases. In addition to Le Corbusier, the study includes the work of another architect and urban planner of the early 20th century, Eliel Saarinen. The role of tall buildings in the designs and writings of the two architects is compared, with a specific focus on the spatial implications of these buildings in the cityscape. The comparison illustrates the fact that modern architects were not unanimous in their visions of urban space, although they shared the knowledge of a contemporary spatial theory.

Urban infrastructure modeling: Ethical and aesthetic aspects

In modern urban planning discourse, ethical issues, primarily the fairness of resource allocation, are being discussed more and more persistently. The city's infrastructure is considered here as an expression of the principles of social philosophy. The article raises the problem of modeling the ethical and aesthetic aspects of urban infrastructure using artificial intelligence as part of the general trend in the development of modern architecture.

1966 Tashkent earthquake and the people of Tashkent

In this article, the authors examine and analyze the memories of eyewitnesses of the Tashkent earthquake of April 26, 1966 and its details, consequences, and situation using the method of "oral history" from a sociological point of view. This topic, which is one of the few studies conducted in Uzbekistan on the basis of the "oral history" method, focuses on the development and transformation of modern urban planning in the country. In the process of writing the article, the results of observation, document analysis, in-depth interviews and focus group research were also addressed.

SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE AND GEOINFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The relevance of the problem of the formation of geoinformation resources and their use for the sustainable development of the country and territorial communities is associated with the implementation of the tasks defined in the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine for the development of the national geospatial data infrastructure (NSDI), the development of comprehensive plans for the spatial development of territories and the creation of a system of urban planning cadastre.
 In the article, based on the analysis of the experience of creating NIGD in developed countries, the expediency of legislative definition of the hierarchy of levels in the organizational structure of NSDI of Ukraine in accordance with the administrative-territorial structure of the country is substantiated. This will allow for a clearer definition of the powers and responsibilities of central authorities and local self-government bodies for the creation of basic and thematic geospatial datasets on the principles of generalization, integration and their coordinated monitoring based on a general methodology, general technical regulations and an agreed technical policy.
 In the context of decentralization, it is advisable to develop the basic level of the NSDI of Ukraine on the basis of the systems of the urban planning cadastre of territorial communities, the geoinformation resources of which contain integrated information about the current state and prospects of the development of the territory. The priority for the development of NSDI and the development of modern urban planning documentation for solving the problems of creating information resources of a digital topographic basemap for the territory of the country and territorial communities to ensure the coordinate-spatial consistency of all sets at all levels of the NSDI are substantiated.

ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF MALODANILIVSKA TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY IN THE KHARKIV REGION TO DETERMINE FURTHER POSSIBILITIES TO DESIGN OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENTS

There is a sharp increase in the share of urban population around the world, and Ukraine, unfortunately, is no exception. Analyzing the UN-Habitat study [1], about half of the world's population will live in urban areas, and by 2050 this share is projected to increase by 66%. It is known that a high level of urbanization has a negative impact on the environment, creating the preconditions for man-made disasters, destruction of the biosphere, depletion of natural resources, which in turn leads to serious irreversible environmental disasters. Also, modern urban planning formations cause social isolation and encourage car dependence, thus creating poor living conditions for the population. Therefore, today, the main goal for planners and urban planners is to provide the population with quality and necessary conditions for a comfortable life, reproduction of basic elements of the natural environment and preservation of ecological balance.
 One of the clearest examples of how to solve acute environmental problems associated with a high level of urbanization and not threaten the future of the planet is the creation of energy-efficient ecological settlements that will provide favorable and comfortable living conditions for the population.
 New legislative changes have recently entered into force, emphasizing that local communities have the same powers and opportunities. New political reforms envisage reaching a new level and qualitative changes for territorial communities. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the main strategic objectives for the development of social, economic, environmental, energy efficient and urban conditions. For a detailed study, in the course of the article used such methods as:
 - method of strategic analysis (use of published materials of the development strategy of the Malodanilivka territorial community to determine measures for the period up to 2025);
 -method of urban planning and spatial analysis (determination of the features of the territories regarding the location of energy-efficient ecological settlements on the territory of the Malodanilivka territorial community, which are the most attractive, rational and ecological);
 - method of cartographic analysis (analysis of the public cadastral map of Ukraine (Public cadastral map of Ukraine) of Ukraine and town-planning substantiations).
 The Strategy of development of Malodanilivka settlement territorial community for the period up to 2025 is analyzed, characteristic indicators (strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats) are revealed, the planning structure is investigated, and potential opportunities for further design of energy efficient ecological settlements on the territory of Malodanilivka territorial community are revealed. former Dergachiv district), Kharkiv region.

The Automated Vacuum Waste Collection Optimization Problem

One of the most challenging problems on modern urban planning and one of the goals to be solved for smart city design is that of urban waste disposal. Given urban population growth, and that the amount of waste generated by each of us citizens is also growing, the total amount of waste to be collected and treated is growing dramatically (EPA 2011), becoming one sensitive issue for local governments. A modern technique for waste collection that is steadily being adopted is automated vacuum waste collection. This technology uses air suction on a closed network of underground pipes to move waste from the collection points to the processing station, reducing greenhouse gas emissions as well as inconveniences to citizens (odors, noise, . . . ) and allowing better waste reuse and recycling. This technique is open to optimize energy consumption because moving huge amounts of waste by air impulsion requires a lot of electric power. The described problem challenge here is, precisely, that of organizing and scheduling waste collection to minimize the amount of energy per ton of collected waste in such a system via the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques. This kind of problems are an inviting opportunity to showcase the possibilities that AI for Computational Sustainability offers.

Role of Garden art Design in Urban Landscape Design

Adding the concept of garden art design to urban landscape planning can green the environment, meet people's requirements for air quality, and have a certain ornamental effect. This article aims to study the role of garden art design in urban landscape design. This paper adopts methods of investigation and research, multiple sets of case analysis, extensive and comprehensive questionnaires, etc. to analyze and study the current status of garden art design in urban landscape planning and the role of garden art design in urban landscape planning. The impact of urban landscape design, the overall city appearance, the livability and the comfort of residents, as well as the impact on garden art design in the overall environment of urban landscape design. Experimental data shows that modern gardens do not better combine classical art, modern art, and ecological environment, and garden art design has not been well integrated into modern urban landscape planning. Moreover, the garden art design has a good influence on the urban landscape design, the overall city appearance, the livability and the residents' comfort level. This shows that garden art design as an indispensable category of urban landscape design has played an important role in urban landscape design.

МЕГАЛОПОЛИСЫ: ПРИЧИНЫ, МАСШТАБЫ, ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Megalopolis is considered as a merger of a number of agglomerations, which have synergistic effect. The megaregion is a more complex system relative to its constituent agglomerations and has the sum of their synergies and new emergent qualities. The domestic and foreign terminology used for the designation of megaregions is given. The existential cause is determined, the economic, social factors and synergistic effects of the functioning of mega-agglomerations are identified. The stages of the structural and planning formation of megalopolises are reflected graphically and in tabular form. The correlation between the capacity building of megalopolises and the development of the transport infrastructure of their territories is noted. The structural and planning characteristics and urban development trends of megalopolises are revealed. The characteristics of the types of planning structure of megalopolises are given. Polycentricity and prevalence of linear-axial development of the architectural and planning structure of megalopolises are shown. The constant territorial and spatial expansion of mega agglomerations is noted. The modern urban planning problems of megalopolises' development are set: the lack of urban regulation of their development, the lack of professional personnel in the field of their planning, the lack of a theory of megalopolises' development, excessive pressure on ecosystems. Extrapolation of the territorial growth of the combined metro areas allows to predict their merger into a single urbanized "network" of the planet. The prerequisites for the development of the latest urban development trend of the XXI century – the formation of crossborder megaregions are highlighted.

On the Integrated and Sustainable Development of the Territory of Russia

The topic of the article is relevant due to changes in urban planning legislation. The new legislation is explained by the tasks set by the authorities of the Russian Federation to improve the quality of life, to ensure favorable living conditions and health of citizens of the Russian Federation. The new requirements for the development of territories in the Russian Federation provide not only for changing the procedure, but also for providing transport, social and other types of infrastructure during the construction of the object. A new concept in urban planning legislation — the activity of integrated and sustainable development of territories-entails a whole range of measures necessary for adoption not only by the authorities, but also in the design of the activities of construction companies. First of all, urban planning changes will affect such a legal act as the Rules of Land Use and Development. They will not only have to be structurally updated, but also adopted in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Construction companies are forced to coordinate the construction of an object, especially residential buildings, with organizations that regulate transport and social accessibility. Additional requirements for construction, imposed by modern urban planning legislation, will also entail a change in the price policy in the field of housing. The authors try to anticipate the pos sible legal consequences of the new changes in the legislation regulating urban planning legal relations.

МУСТАҚИЛЛИК ДАВРИДА МАҲОБАТЛИ РАНГТАСВИР

The article analyzes the features of the formation of the school of painting in Uzbekistan in the twentieth century, the harmony of painting with modern urban planning, analysis of the work of greatpainters. In particular, in the works of B. Jalolov, one of the most prominent artists in the field of monumental painting, we see that he skillfully combined the strong traditions of the academic school, the aesthetics of Western and Eastern art. His work can be seen in a series of frescoes. The interior of theTurkiston concert palace in Tashkent contains analytical information about the work of Umar Khayyam on oriental lyrics, “Nobody said why I was born” at the National Bank of Uzbekistan, as well as about his monumental works in many other regions. On the example of Samarkand, A. Isaev was one of the most versatile artists in the field of monumental painting, he also wrote “The Great Silk Road” on the walls of the foyer of the Institute of Foreign Languages and “Friendship of Peoples” for the foyer of the academic lyceum of the Institute, Examples “History of Samarkand” for the hotel “ Afrosiyab ", at the Samarkand Agricultural Institute, such as" The Generosity of Mother Earth ", 41 ceramic panels on Tashkent Street and many other monumental paintings. By the colors in the artist's works, one can imagine that the artist played the melody in a lyrical tone. The article notes that almost all compositions are characterized by a description of the artist's work, such as the observation ofwarmth, a set of warm colors, oriental colors, a patriotic mood, which is typical for all artists

ENVIRONMENT OF HISTORICAL AREAS OF CITIES AS A BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF INTERACTIVE RECREATION

Problem statement. In the modern urban planning practice of development of historical cities the role and potential of the city center are still insufficiently defined, features of its preservation and possible development are not revealed. In Ukraine, there is still no clear definition of the concept of “city center”, which does not contribute to the sustainable urban and architectural development of historic cities. Today there are different interpretations of such an urban category as “city center”. According to the researcher M. Bevz, the “city center” provides a rare opportunity to trace the millennial evolution of the urban planning system, which is rare in Ukraine. Some researchers believe that the city center is an important communication hub and a special space in which various functions of urban life are introduced, in all its evolution, modification, meanings and perceptions (O. Rybchynsky “Formation and revitalization of historical cities of Ukraine”). The author of the study considers it most appropriate to consider the concept of “city center” as identical to the concept of “historical core of the city”. Characteristics of the concept of “historic area of the city” appeared only in 2000 in the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Cultural Heritage” as part of the settlement, which preserved cultural heritage sites and related planning and form of construction that originate from previous periods of development, typical of certain crops or periods of development. One of the most important methods of preserving and properly modernizing the environment of historical areas should be considered “revalorization”, which contributes to the cultural value of the historic city center. 
 The purpose of the article is to highlight the importance of the historical area as a basis for the formation of interactive recreation. 
 Results. Implementation of revalorization into the theory and practice of domestic reconstruction of the urban environment on the basis of comprehensive and deep theoretical research, as well as ideas for improving and arranging urban space with a focus on successful foreign solutions for using the cultural potential of the central areas of historical cities in the system of interactive recreation. The city should be considered as a multifunctional phenomenon in the diversity of manifestations due to its general cultural and historical significance. In this context, the historic city center is a concentration of interactive communication between residents. Interactive communication is primarily an exchange of ideas for improving the urban environment and enhancing information exchange between people. In such interaction of people and environment of special importance acquires the reflection of human emotional reaction to the made architectural and town-planning environment with its historically formed “human” scale and richness of forms that in turn is necessary protective reaction of the modern person to “standardization” of new city building. The creation of interactive recreation based on the cultural potential of the historic areas of the city allows to form in these areas full-fledged interactive recreational spaces in the combination of existing and new buildings. 
 Scientific novelty and practical significance. Due to the active growth of requirements for the quality and comfort of the urban space of the historic core of the city, the practical significance of the study is to study the historically formed substance of the city, its authenticity; preservation, revival and development of the historical image of the city center on the principles of revalorization. Today there is a need to find and develop methods of activating the environment, one of which is the creation of interactive recreation, which will help to adapt the city-forming and functional significance of their historic areas to new needs.

Деякі аспекти охорони пам’яток архітектури в контексті сучасного містобудування республіки Туркменістан

Деякі аспекти охорони пам’яток архітектури в контексті сучасного містобудування республіки Туркменістан

The reconstruction of the architectural landscape is a means of optimizing an urban environment

The article discusses the issues of optimizing the urban environment, as well as the experience of implementing research developments, which determine the basic methods, techniques and means of renovation of cities based on the established problem of the practice of modern urban planning.

ADAPTNESS ASSESSMENT OF PEDESTRIAN STREET DURING CRISES LIKE COVID-19

The modern urban planning is focused towards encouraging pedestrian movement by ensuring their safety and comfort during the walk. Further, COVID-19 pandemic has abruptly obstructed our normal way of life that includes of our local as well as global transport systems. There is greater need of making the public places more pedestrian friendly with the provision of appropriate walking and cycling networks, which can tackle the social distancing issues. This paper presents a novel approach to quantitatively analyze the efficiency of present urban pedestrian streets in maintaining social distancing among pedestrians. The survey research techniques, GIS tool and technique, statistical techniques, and space syntax methods are implemented and tested for evaluating present scenario of the pedestrian movement in relation to the urban layout, in the case of Main-Market Street of Hamirpur town of Himachal Pradesh, India. The regression and correlation analysis is performed between outcomes of axial and segment analysis to establish the interrelation among spatial structure and behavioral phenomena. This paper is an attempt to generate the need of rethinking the pedestrian planning process with more holistic approaches to achieve sustainable urban environment.

Research on the Development Direction of Modern Urban Planning and Design under Smart City

At this stage, the overall progress of China’s urbanization process is relatively rapid, and the construction of smart cities has also received great attention. Information technology has begun to be integrated into urban development, which makes urban construction move in a new direction. In the information age, a variety of advanced technologies have brought rich elements of the times to the development of cities. This not only greatly alleviates the urban diseases highlighted by modern cities, but also speeds up the pace of urban planning and development, making planning and design solutions extremely feasible, and demonstrating the reference value of informatization to urban planning. Under the concept of smart city, how to realize scientific and reasonable modern urban planning and design is a problem that needs to be further explored. Enterprises should make the overall direction of planning and design clear and effective, and build a benign and healthy city construction based on actual conditions, keeping up with the trend of the times.