МЕГАЛОПОЛИСЫ: ПРИЧИНЫ, МАСШТАБЫ, ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Abstract

Megalopolis is considered as a merger of a number of agglomerations, which have synergistic effect. The megaregion is a more complex system relative to its constituent agglomerations and has the sum of their synergies and new emergent qualities. The domestic and foreign terminology used for the designation of megaregions is given. The existential cause is determined, the economic, social factors and synergistic effects of the functioning of mega-agglomerations are identified. The stages of the structural and planning formation of megalopolises are reflected graphically and in tabular form. The correlation between the capacity building of megalopolises and the development of the transport infrastructure of their territories is noted. The structural and planning characteristics and urban development trends of megalopolises are revealed. The characteristics of the types of planning structure of megalopolises are given. Polycentricity and prevalence of linear-axial development of the architectural and planning structure of megalopolises are shown. The constant territorial and spatial expansion of mega agglomerations is noted. The modern urban planning problems of megalopolises' development are set: the lack of urban regulation of their development, the lack of professional personnel in the field of their planning, the lack of a theory of megalopolises' development, excessive pressure on ecosystems. Extrapolation of the territorial growth of the combined metro areas allows to predict their merger into a single urbanized "network" of the planet. The prerequisites for the development of the latest urban development trend of the XXI century – the formation of crossborder megaregions are highlighted.