Modern Russian Literary Language Research Articles

Somatic Phraseological Units: Reflecting Social Phenomena

Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to delve into the intricate world of somatic phraseological units and sayings within the modern Russian literary language. The focus is on shedding light on the cultural and historical underpinnings that have shaped the unique existence of these linguistic constructs. Somatic phraseological units, viewed as encapsulating the essence of a culture and its people, are explored as a fascinating lens through which to understand the rich tapestry of Russian life.
 
 Methods: The chosen methodology involves a thorough examination of the gaps in the linguistic landscape related to somatic phraseological units. The study aims to uncover the intricate threads that weave together the historical development of the Russian people. Through this linguistic analysis, the article seeks to offer valuable insights into the cultural significance and linguistic evolution of somatic expressions within the Russian language.
 
 Results: The article presents the results of the examination, emphasizing the cultural and historical insights gained from the exploration of somatic phraseological units in the modern Russian literary language. The results highlight the significance of these linguistic constructs in reflecting the collective experiences and identity of the Russian people. The linguistic analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural fabric woven into the expressions used within the Russian language.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, this article underscores the importance of somatic phraseological units in understanding the cultural and historical dimensions of the modern Russian literary language. By exploring these linguistic constructs, the study reveals the profound connections between language and culture, offering valuable insights into the intricate threads that have shaped the unique expressions found within Russian discourse.

Teaching the Russian literary language to foreign master and postgraduate students within the special course “Modern Russian literature”: key problems and prospects

The article puts insight into current issues of teaching the Russian literary language to foreign under-graduates and postgraduates, specializing in “Linguistics and Intercultural Communication”, in the course of studying “Modern Russian Literature”. We use a broad historical and cultural context to substantiate the fundamental role of Russian literature in the formation of world culture and the global literary canon, and highlight the great influence that such Russian classical writers as Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Turgenev and Chekhov had on the development of foreign literature in the East and West. We observe and trace continuity in classical and modern literary eras and the best long-lasting spiritual, moral and linguistic traditions of the Russian people. We assume that the key problems the teacher should focus on are: Russian literature as a significant phenomenon of world culture, the development of classical traditions in the history of Russian literature at present, the dialogue among cultures and the translation of modern writers’ works into foreign languages, historical and philosophical problems in literature, and historical heritage of the Russian language. The article comprehensively studies the Russian language value dimensions and linguistic axiological directions. The data show the presence, stability and preservation of the fundamental values (life, love, truth, good, beauty, hope, grace, honour, etc.) in the Russian literary language. These values form the spiritual conceptual sphere in Russian culture and constitute its main moral foundations. Serious attention is paid to the aesthetics of the language. We show the aesthetic potential, artistic expressiveness and stylistic richness of the modern Russian literary language, based on the works of E. Vodolazkin, L. Ulitskaya, M. Shishkin, M. Kucherskaya, M. Stepnova, D. Rubina and others. We focus on the problem of preserving the Russian literary language and the high status of Russian in general, revealing complex realities of modern multinational and multicultural world. We recommend such modern masterpieces as “Laurel” by E. Vodolazkin, “The God of Rain” by M. Kucherskaya, “The Garden” by M. Stepnova, “The Writer” by M. Shishkin, “Yakov’s Staircase” by L. Ulitskaya as sources to improve literacy and general cultural competence of foreign students.

The Term "Regulatory Guillotine" in the Legal Discourse

The article studies the peculiarities of coining a new term "regulatory guillotine" in the modern Russian language. It describes the semantic, syntagmatic and pragmatic features of this term. It has been established that at the initial stage of its entry into the legal discourse, the term "regulatory guillotine" is characterized by high variation. Here are revealed its semantic, grammatical and graphic variants. Based on comparative analysis of various definitions of the term "regulatory guillotine", as well as on its syntagmatics in legal discourse, the author concludes it necessary to amend the definition of this term. A new term can be prospectively developed in close connection with the field knowledge and traditional use of the Russian language in texts of official communication. When describing the syntagmatics of the term in the academic legal discourse, the author points out a violation of the norms of lexical compatibility of the modern Russian literary language. The syntagmatics of the term "regulatory guillotine" in the Russian legal discourse reflects at the linguistic level the peculiarities of the correlation of the general and special consciousness of lawyers. It is also established that in the processes of functioning of the term "regulatory guillotine", quotation marks convey a complex mix of different kinds of information. The use of the term "regulatory guillotine" in the legal text with quotation marks and without quotation marks expresses a certain pragmatic meaning of the attitude of the subject of speech to the linguistic sign. Quotation marks implement both figurative and metalinguistic functions, and are also a means of adapting a metaphor-term to legal discourse.

Использование информационных технологий в процессе преподавания дисциплины «Русский язык в служебной деятельности» в ведомственном вузе

The aim of the research is to substantiate the need for the use of information technologies when teaching cadets the Russian language at a departmental university as a part of updating the programme of the discipline “Russian language in official activities”. The paper provides the Internet resources necessary for mastering the discipline “Russian language in official activities”, considers the potential of their application and also presents a pool of assessment tools in the form of review questions and practical tasks on each topic of the discipline. The scientific novelty of the work lies in developing the content of curriculum for the discipline “Russian language in official activities” at the Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia in order to form speech culture in a law enforcement officer based on the active use of information technologies and digital tools in the study of the Russian literary language. As a result, the updated curriculum of the discipline “Russian language in official activities” has been presented. The curriculum contains five main topics (“Russian language as an information and sign system and its use in official activities”; “Stylistic system of the modern Russian language and Internet communication”; “Standards of the modern Russian literary language in the era of digital technologies”; “Language and style of official documents. Technologies for processing text information”; “Speech etiquette in official activities. Business digital etiquette”). In addition, a pool of assessment tools for each topic of the discipline “Russian language in official activities” has been developed.

러시아 저널리즘체의 형성과 발전과정에 관한 통시적 고찰

Among the characteristics of literary language summarized as multifunctionality, super-dialecticity, normativity, refinement, and differentiation of the functional style, the last is formed in the final stage of literary language development. The functional stylistic system consists of ordinary-colloquial style, academic style, official-business style, artistic-literary style, and journalistic style, and among them, this paper focuses on the journalistic style. First, the first printed newspaper in Russia, Peter's Vedomosti (PV) in the early 18th century and Moscow Vedomosti(MV) in the mid-19th century are compared and analyzed and the differences in newspaper language before and after the formation of a journalistic style, i.e., linguistic distinguishing characteristics between PV and MV, are clearly presented in the aspect of journalistic style. This study on journalistic style as one of the functional styles of literary language will lead to further research on media language beyond the framework of modern Russian literary language and on the correlation between media language, journalism style, and literary language.

Difficulties in the Development of Genre and Style Subcompetence among Frst-years of Non-philological Profiles

The article describes requirements for communication competencies of a university graduate, in particular, for the genre and style sub-competence. Further listed and described are the difficulties which a lecturer in the higher educational institution may encounter, while developing the sub-competence in first-year non-philologists. These are, first of all, shortcomings of the layout of the course program, in which, as a rule, almost no time is planned for the analysis of characteristics of language styles and the development of oral proficiency in business and scientific styles, next, the consequences of a poor training of style at secondary school, finally, the lack of students' knowledge of the stylistics terminology, which leads to erroneous ideas about the structure of the stylistic system of the modern Russian literary language and an underdevelopment of students' language intuition. In addition, the article suggests some ways of eliminating the indicated difficulties.
 

Syntactic classification of pleonastic structures

The purpose of the article is to study the structural (syntactic) aspect of pleonastic formations, build a structural concept and thereby prove their semantic significance, as well as informative interpretation. The object of analysis is pleonastic expressions and their pragmatic functions based on the material of publicist and artistic discourses. The subject of analysis is the comparison of the transaction (transmission) of the author’s and the “communicative isolation” of the meaningful lexical unit – pleonasm. The result of the study is the recognition of the normality of the use of this phenomenon, but subject to certain conditions: only models with homogeneous components with the meaning of a person, phenomenon, quality, state, basically, complement, clarify the conceptual content of the expression. The semantics of the object or subject is redundant in models with predicative units. These constructions are usually found in colloquial and publicistic styles, which does not allow them to be attributed to the norm of the modern Russian literary language. Structural models with a subordinate relationship with the meaning of an object, attribute, action (agreement) are also considered superfluous.

Лексико-семантическая организация юридического дискурса

The study aims to provide a comprehensive characteristic of lexical parameters of legal discourse, the communicative-pragmatic meaning of which is realised at the structural-semantic, content-thematic levels of the utterance. It is noted that legal discourse has peculiar lexico-semantic features due to its main purpose to regulate the communicants’ behaviour in situations of institutional communication established by law in accordance with the system of social role characteristics, prescriptions, instructions, requirements and standards of conduct. Scientific novelty lies in identifying the discursive-semantic patterns of institutional communication formation based on the lexico-semantic organisation of legal discourse. As a result, it has been found that the lexical continuum of legal discourse conforms to the stylistic norms of the modern Russian literary language. Lexical means, being verbal formulas of interpretation of the essence of legal communication, occupy a special place in legal discourse and specifically reflect its significant elements.

Религиозный стиль как система жанров (Рец. на кн.: Ицкович Т. В. Жанровая система религиозного стиля [Текст] : монография / Т. В. Ицкович. – М. : ФЛИНТА, 2021. – 400 с.)

The review is a response to the publication of T. V. Itskovich’s monograph “Genre system of the religious style”. The author of the book presents an original view on the functional religious style as a system of genres and gives its multidimensional description. The relevance of the research is justified by the need for a comprehensive linguistic study of the religious style as part of the paradigm of functional varieties of the modern Russian literary language and the classification of genres of the religious style on a single basis. In the monograph, its author, basing on an integrated approach which combines communicative-pragmatic and categorical-textual aspects of the study of religious texts, taking into account the cultural-historical and textual genesis of religious genres, establishes the constructive principle of the religious style, gives a scientific description of the system of religious genres and its proto-genre basis, reveals the compositional-thematic and speech originality of religious genre types and their varieties as well as the core and periphery of the genre field of religious style. The study is based on the texts of the liturgical and non-liturgical spheres of Orthodox religious communication in Russian and Church Slavonic, selected by the author on the basis of the tradition of their use in the religious activities of the Church and the individual as well as the frequency of their use in modern religious communication.

Способы семантизации диалектной лексики в региональной художественной прозе и устной речи диалектоносителей

The semantics of geographically limited vocabulary is considered in the aspect of the actual problem of interaction and interpenetration of lexical systems of literary language and dialects. The material extracted from literary texts (prose by Volgograd writers) and the converse of the Don Cossack dialects speakers living in the Volgograd region (records made by the expeditionary method and direct interview of informants at the points of dialectological survey of territories within the program of the Lexical Atlas of Russian Folk Dialects) is compared. Contextual and graphical methods of dialectisms semantization are described. The linguistic techniques of revealing the meanings of dialect words with the help of literary analogues, as well as various markers signalling the inclusion of an element that is not commonly used in the utterance, are determined. The models of using the appropriate language means formed on the basis of the constructive principle of their organization for the disclosure of the ideological and artistic intent of the work are characterized. It can serve as a means of updating and enriching the expressive fund of the Russian language, or for the purpose of adequate understanding in communication of different speech culture representatives the subject-conceptual correspondences of linguistic units. The general and special techniques of direct and indirect semantization of lexical units are revealed. They reflect the artistic-figurative and visual-symbolic concretization of reality in the perception of the world. The functional role of the vocabulary under consideration as a resource-forming element of the modern Russian literary language is substantiated.

Роль исторических и диалектных данных в интерпретации явлений современного словообразования

The author proposes the idea that it is necessary to draw on historical and dialectal data in the analysis of the modern word-formation phenomena. The comparison of the modern Russian literary language facts with those of the written language history and the modern dialect speech allows to estimate, with maximum objectivity, the linguistic status of the derivative units, models, subsystems, as well as to reconstruct the whole picture of their usage in the national language and to better understand the directions of linguistic dynamics and the derivational potential of the language. This approach is illustrated by the formation of the adjectives ending with -ovskij in the Russian language. The question of the word-formation structure of such adjectives is debatable in the modern derivatology. The affixal part of the adjectives ending with -ovskij is defined in different ways: 1) as a suffixal sequence including two different formants, 2) as a suffix -sk-, complicated with the interfix -ov-, 3) as a derived suffixal morph with accumulation. The picture of structural and semantic connections of the above-mentioned adjectives in the modern Russian literary language is complicated, heterogeneous and does not give precedence to any of these three interpretations. The analysis of the adjectives ending with -ovskij in the complex of the modern Russian literary language data, its history and the modern territorial dialects, gives ground to the following interpretation of -ovskij complex. At the modern stage of the Russian language development the sequence -ov/sk(ij) is a morphemic complex, that has developed on the basis of the ancient suffixal duplication model of the relative and possessive suffixes -ov(y’j) + -sk(ij). The morphemic complex -ov/sk(ij) is functioning in the modern Russian language as a single polysemantic segmented bisuffixal formant, which has not formed, up to now, a unified morpheme – a complex suffix. A morphemic complex, as opposed to a complex suffix, is easily divided into components and provides a basis to re-derivation processes.

Некоторые лексические закономерности переноса ударения на предлог в сочетаниях «предлог плюс существительное»

The paper addresses lexical factors of stress shift from nouns to prepositions in the modern Russian literary language. The purpose of the study is to determine the conditions that promote or hinder accentuation of functional lexemes in live spoken speech. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author for the first time conducts a comprehensive sociolinguistic study on accentuation of prepositional phrases “preposition + noun” and compares codified and usual norms of accentuation of these phrases. As a result of the research, the linguistic and sociolinguistic factors that affect stress shift have been determined and described in detail and trends in the development of the considered norms have been identified.

Finno-Ugric words in the Russian dialects of Yakutia

This article analyzes the lexical Finno-Ugric borrowings that appeared in the speech of the Slavs and the aboriginal population of Yakutia with the arrival of the Russians to the northeast Siberia in the 17th century. More than three centuries ago, the Russians, who came from the northern provinces of Russia, introduced the essential vocabulary necessary for the daily life of the people of that time into the active vocabulary of the northern region’s population. Most of the words from the Finno-Ugric languages denoted new concepts and did not have synonyms in Russian, for example, viska, edoma, laida, etc. This research investigates and illustrates the most significant thematic groups of the borrowed words, gives lexical-semantic characteristics of the analyzed notions, and determines the basic word-building patterns. This article presents the results of a linguistic experiment on the interpretation of words, which was conducted in 2021 among the students of Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University to determine the relevance of the Finno-Ugric layer of vocabulary in the modern communicative situation of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The authors of the article conclude that the studied lexical borrowings, which became widespread on the territory of the republic several centuries ago, underwent some changes, became the basis for the formation of new words, became part of not only the modern Russian literary language, but also other languages of the republic, where they are part of the active vocabulary.

К проблемам формирования активного лексического фонда современного русского литературного языка на основе диалектных средств национального языка

We consider the problem of development an active lexical fund of the modern Russian literary language, an important source of which is considered to be folk patois. We describe the trends that determine the qualitative and quantitative changes in the vocabulary of the Russian literary language, affecting the nature of the lexical-semantic system of the national language. The synchronous-diachronic approach to the analysis of specific lexical units, for example, the words girl and grandfather, which are high-frequency and relevant for the modern Russian literary language, makes it possible to clarify the direction of semantic and stylistic transformations of lexemes, which contributes to clarifying their genesis and ways of penetration into the standard codified language. Northern Russian patois, including Kostroma patois, are considered as one of the linguistic phenomena that influenced the formation of a standardized literary language. In this context, special attention is paid to the works of writers of the late 18th – mid-19th century (A.O. Ablesimov, A.N. Ostrovsky, N.A. Nekrasov, etc.), associated with the Kostroma Region, and their works are analyzed in as significant sources for studying the regional word, as well as the history of its entry into the literary language. Part of the dialect vocabulary that appears in the author’s texts is currently fully adapted to the literary language, the other part, distinguished by a special colloquial affectation or structural-semantic and functional-textual properties, still occupies a border position between the center of the national language and its periphery. We analyze the commonly used lexemes of the modern Russian literary language in the totality of their structural-semantic and functional-stylistic properties that appeared in it due to the regrouping processes that took place in various areas of the national Russian language in a historical perspective from the 17th century to the 21st century.

К вопросу о значении термина лингвокраеведение

We devote to the study of the functioning features of the term linguo-local studies in the modern Russian literary language. The relevance of linguo-local studies in modern linguistics, the active inclusion of linguo-local studies material in the teaching of the Russian language in educational institutions and universities contribute to the widespread use of the lexeme linguo-local studies. The purpose of work is to study lexicographic sources from the point of view of representation of the term linguo-local studies in them and to clarify its meaning in modern scientific discourse, taking into account the changed realities of the use of lexeme. Based on the analysis of reference literature, we conclude that a significant part of modern linguistic dictionaries does not fix the term linguo-local studies, despite its active use in scientific research, theory and methodology of teaching the Russian language and Russian as a foreign language. Due to the features of the functioning of lexeme linguo-local studies at the present time and on the basis of a comparative analysis of the definitions of terms that name related disciplines, assumptions are made regarding the clarification of the meaning of the term linguo-local studies.

Отражение природных кодов в индивидуально-авторском стиле П.П. Бажова (на примере концепта «золото»)

The article states the investigation results and highlights the peculiarities of natural codes representation in the tales (skazy) by P.P. Bazhov through the analysis of concept "zoloto" ("gold") and the associated concepts in contrast with the data from lexicographic sources of modern Russian literary language. The tales (skazy) by the Ural writer were used as the research material. As a result of the analysis, the features of the etymological, basic, associative levels of the concept "zoloto" ("gold") were revealed in the individual author's discourse of P. Bazhov. It has been found out that etymological level of the studied concept is represented by the meaning "precious metal of yellow colour" both in the Russian literary language and in the individual author's discourse of the Ural writer. Some denotative meanings recorded in the Russian literary language are revealed not to actualize in Bazhov's discourse. The differences in the associative level of the concept reflected in the writer's tales and in the minds of the speakers of the Russian literary language are determined. The appearance of additional regionally marked meanings is caused by natural, cultural, professional activities of the inhabitants of the Urals tightly connected with the extraction and processing of precious stones and metals, as well as the regional mythology. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of a system of theoretical knowledge about the concept structure, and the identification of regionally marked meanings of the conceptual sphere of P. Bazhov's individual author's discourse.

ОБ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРИЗНАКОВ ГЛАГОЛЬНЫХ ОСНОВ ПРИ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРИЧАСТИЙ (на материале романа Ф.М. Достоевского «Преступление и наказание»)

Participle is one of the most debatable part of speech categories, since it is not only differently represented in the literary language and oral speech, but for a long period of its development is characterized by a kind of structural organization and functional-stylistic loading. As a result, the grammatical status of communion in the modern Russian literary language has not yet been finally determined. Most researchers believe that participle belongs to language categories that deserve close attention at all stages of the evolution of the language and require comprehensive study, in terms of preserving the grammatical features of the verb and transforming them into relevant values of pledge and time for participle as well. The development of participle as a special grammatical category has not been stopping in the conditions of standardization of the literary norm since the 19th century, which makes it necessary to study the implementation of participle in the most significant fiction texts for codification, which, of course, include F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment.” The study of systematized groups functioning within this text makes it possible to identify the nature of the implementation of the features of verb foundations and the features of the representation of the form, pledge, transition/intransitivity in the formation of the most complex in terms of the historical formation of real participations in Russian.

Typical mistakes in the writing speech of bilingual students

This article is devoted to considering of the phenomenon of bilingualism from the point of view of linguistic, psycholinguistic, psychological, and pedagogical aspects, the characteristics of typical mistakes that bilingual students make in writing when studying the lexical and grammatical norms of the modern Russian literary language. The article discusses scientific approaches to describing the problem of bilingualism by Russian and foreign authors (Avrorin, 1972; Shcherba, 1974; Vereshchagin, 2014; Weinreich, 1972; Agar, 1994; Breton, 1991; Lambert, 1963). The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific methods: the method of complex theoretical analysis of the problem under study, logical methods of analysis of scientific concepts, methodological analysis of 16 written works of bilingual students 1st year in the discipline "Business communications and speech culture". The result of the research is a description of typical lexical and grammatical errors in the written language of bilingual students, and the presentation of practical recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of students' mastering of the norms of the Russian literary language. It is concluded that deep involvement in the language content plan, modern knowledge of the lexical and grammatical norms of the modern Russian literary language will help bilingual students competently express their thoughts in oral and written speech form and be active participants in effective intercultural communication.

The adverbs of place in the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria

Based on the materials of the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria, this article examines the previously unstudied group of adverbs – the adverbs of place. The methods of continuous sampling and descriptive-analytical analysis revealed 56 adverbs of place in the second edition of the “Dictionary of Russian Dialects of Outer Manchuria”. Despite the fact that adverbs in the Russian literary language are have been thoroughly studied from the perspective of their semantics, motivation, and compatibility with other parts of speech, the Russian dialectology does not provide due description of the adverbial lexis. Compared to other parts of speech, the category of adverbs is less scientifically developed in the research dedicated to the dialects of late formation. This article presents the experience of describing the semantic characteristics of the adverbs of place typical solely for the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria, detected via comparison with the linguistic units from the “Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects”, “Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language”, and “Dictionary of the Russian Language”. An attempt is made to classify the adverbs of place by the types of spatial relations, principles of spatial localization, as well as motivation of the parts of speech. The acquired results demonstrate that in the Russian dialects of Outer Manchuria, the adverbs of place differ not only in lexical composition, but also in semantics of the meanings from their analogues in other Russian folk dialects. They also feature the prevalence of units that characterize horizontal spatial localization.

Rhetoric As An Aspect Of The Functioning Of The Modern Russian Literary Language

Nowadays, the importance of studying rhetoric is becoming more and more obvious, interest in it is growing: first, it is perceived as something completely new; secondly, the XXI century. - this is the time of democratic transformations in our country, this is the time of new people, unencumbered by censorship, who were given the opportunity to freely express their own opinion, to formulate their position in life. Modern man understands that the ability to speak largely determines his social status.