Modern Russian Literary Language Research Articles

Rhetoric As An Aspect Of The Functioning Of The Modern Russian Literary Language

Nowadays, the importance of studying rhetoric is becoming more and more obvious, interest in it is growing: first, it is perceived as something completely new; secondly, the XXI century. - this is the time of democratic transformations in our country, this is the time of new people, unencumbered by censorship, who were given the opportunity to freely express their own opinion, to formulate their position in life. Modern man understands that the ability to speak largely determines his social status.

Speech Portrait of the Old-timers of the East Slavic Bryansk-Gomel Border (On the 140 Anniversary Since the Birth of P. A. Rastorguyev)

The relevance of this work is due to the lack of linguistic research devoted to the current state of the Bryansk dialects, functioning in the zone, where Russia, Belorussia and Ukraine border. The article considers phonetic, grammatical and lexical-phraseological features of speech of old-timers inhabiting the south-west of the Bryansk region (Novozybkov, villages of the Novozybkovsky urban district and Zlynkovsky district) primarily in comparison with the features noted in the works of the doctor of philological sciences, professor, full member of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (later — the Belarusian Academy of Sciences) Pavel Andreevich Rastorguev (1881–1959). The collective speech portrait of elderly villagers, represented by their idiolects, is made up, on the one hand, of dialectal peculiarities, on the other hand, of phenomena that correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Particular dialectal speech features are determined by special geographical position of the southwestern regions of the Bryansk region in the past and the territorial proximity of Belarus and Ukraine (Belarusian and Ukrainian languages and dialects). These features constitute the archaic layer of the Bryansk dialects, since in the speech of the young rural population living in the city, people from villages, urban residents, as a rule, these features are manifested to a lesser extent or are completely absent. The speech portrait of the old-timers of the Bryansk-Gomel borderland forms an idea about the modern features of the border East Slavic Russian-Belarusian dialect.

Некоторые закономерности переноса ударения на предлог в сочетаниях «предлог плюс существительное»

The article analyses the phenomenon of the modern Russian literary language - the shift of the stress from a noun to a preposition in such phrases as за́ день, за́ городом, верить на́ слово, задание на́ дом. The research objectives are as follows: to check the hypothesis on gradual disappearance of the mentioned phenomenon, to reveal the factors promoting or hampering accentuation of auxiliary words in the living Russian speech. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the author for the first time provides a comprehensive sociolinguistic study on accentuation of prepositional phrases “preposition + noun”, compares codified and usual norms of accentuation. The research findings are as follows: the linguistic and sociolinguistic factors influencing stress shift are identified and described, tendencies in pronunciation of the prepositional phrases under review are revealed, causes of vitality of this linguistic phenomenon are ascertained.

ПРЕДЛОГИ "НА", "ДЛЯ", "К" И "РАДИ" КАК КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ПЕРСИДСКОГО ПРЕДЛОГА "БАРАЙЭ"

In this article, the meanings expressed with the prepositions «на», «для», «к», «ради», which correspond to the preposition “for” in Persian, are examined. One of the problems of Iranian students in learning Russian in the classroom of Iranian audiences is the proper use of Russian prepositions. The reason for this problem is that a preposition in Persian corresponds to different prepositions in Russian. The authors of the paper think that the multiple meanings of Russian prepositions cause many problems; It means that, a preposition in Russian expresses different states and therefore different forms. The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the meanings of the prepositions «на», «для», «к», «ради» as the equivalents of the Persian preposition “for”. Russian Dictionary "Russian Language Dictionary in Four Volumes" edited by A.P. Yevgenova, "Dictionary of Modern Russian literary language" edited V.I. Chernysheva and "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" S.I. Ozhegov have been selected as linguistic sources in this study. The results of this research can be used in teaching Russian to Iranian audiences, as well as in order to minimize the mistakes of Iranian students when translating the preposition “for” into Russian.

Проблемы русской неофилологии: к истории терминов военной лексики (на примере слова ординарец)

We analyze the semantics, structure and use of French military borrowing batman from the moment of its entry into Russian at the turn of the 17–18th centuries to the present. We give an etymological and historical analysis of the word, we consider the evolution of its semantics in Russian due to the functional diversity of its use in the recipient language. We trace the history of the terminological development of the lexeme and its derivatives in the Russian literary language of the new period, the peculiarities of its functioning as a representative of the military vocabulary in contact with other spheres of the Russian language, while the provision we emphasize for the complete borrowing of a word from the French language into the Russian literary language from its form (phonetics, grammar, features of word usage) and meaning. We indicate and analyze in detail sources of the word study in the synchronous-diachronic aspect, lexicographic, documenta-ry-historical and artistic-text, both on the material of the modern Russian literary language and in the previous periods of its formation, which helps to identify the gradual transformation of its se-mantic structure. We pay particular attention to the disclosure of the voluminous meaning of the word in the text of the novel-epic by L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, which is a valuable source for studying the lexico-semantic system of the Russian language after Pushkin era. A number of ex-amples of different spheres of the modern usus of the Russian language show a change in the functional-stylistic color of the word and the acquisition of other additional shades by the word. We conclude about the inevitability of fading the activity of its use in modern conditions of conducting military operations, turning it into historicism, which leads to the correlation of its place in the literary Russian language and the transfer to passive vocabulary.

Semantic Characteristic of Nouns Formed with the Suffix -ost’ 
 in the Modern Russian Literary Language

The article aims to demonstrate the semantic diversity of the nouns formed with the suffix -ost, which have been considered as one of the most regular word-formation types in the modern Russian language. In order to give a semantic portray of the given word-formation type we have analysed all the nouns with the given suffix, included in the Shvedova Dictionary and the Russian Newspapers of the End of XX Century Corpus, developed by Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The analysis shows that nouns formed with the given suffix, while consisting a large percentage of deadjectival nominalisations in the modern Russian language, show rather diverse semantic features. The main subtypes of meanings, which consist the semantic paradigm of the given word-formation type, are transpositional (construction of nouns that name a quality), parametric (nouns that can be used as a parameter for measuring) and subject meaning (nouns that refer to a concrete subject in the extralinguistic reality). In addition, the last subtype subject meaning is also consistent of nearly 20 semantic classes, including substance, a person, a place, a type of documents, an event, a phenomenon and so on. The analysis of the corpus data shows that a large proportion of the most frequently used words in newspaper texts are the words that have rather concrete meanings. Hence their definitions in dictionaries are ought to be updated in accordance with their usages in the corpus. The results could be applied in the future study of deadjectival nominalisation in the modern Russian language

Концепт духовность в русской языковой картине мира: светский и религиозный компоненты (по материалам толковых словарей современного русского языка)

Statement of the problem. The article examines the content of the spirituality concept, formed by the explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian literary language; the change in its (concept) functional-stylistic lexicographic qualifications as a reflection of the change in value orientations in society. The purpose of the article is to study the lexicographic history of the spirituality concept in a comparative analysis of different dictionaries. The research methodology is based on the comparative method, contextual and, above all, lexicographic analysis of the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. Research results. The study showed that there is no strict unification in the interpretation and functional-stylistic qualifications of the concept under study in the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. Conclusions. In modern domestic explanatory lexicography, there is no unified approach both to understanding the content (interpretation) of the spirituality concept, and in its functional and stylistic qualifications. The author’s contribution consists in a large-format (all the main explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language) and a very detailed study, which has not been carried out earlier in relation to this very concept.

Проблема белорусского литературного языка в белорусской консервативной интеллектуальной традиции (вторая половина XIX – начало XX века)

The author of the article claims that Belarusian Orthodox intelligentsia of the conservative and liberal-conservative orientation was negative to the idea of creating Belarusian literary language. That was due to the fact that the Orthodox intelligentsia opposed the replacement of the Russian language with Belarusian. According to them, the rejection of the Russian language would impede the cultural and social development of the Belarusian people. At the same time, some of the intellectuals believed that Belarusian dialects, the literary tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the natives of the Belarusian lands themselves participated actively in the formation of the modern Russian literary language. Russian literary language was viewed as mutual for all East Slavic ethnic groups that made up the Russian nation.

Doctor’s speech culture as the main component of professional ethics

The article is devoted to the communicative competence of a doctor as a component of professional ethics. Knowledge of norms of the modern Russian literary language, compliance with these standards in the oral and written speech of a medical worker helps to establish contact between doctor and a patient. To identify the level of knowledge of Russian language norms, readiness for professional speech a scientific research was made, during which the most typical mistakes were revealed: orthoepic, morphological, lexical, stylistic. Following the norms of the language and ethics of communication contributes to the achievement of the main aim of a medical activity - recovering of a patient.

The Results of the Regional and Final Stages of the All-Russian Olympiad of Schoolchildren in the Russian Language in 2019

The article describes main directions in the selection of test materials for the All-Russian Olympiad (hereinafter Olympiad) for schoolchildren in the Russian language, as well as forms of their presentation. An analysis of some tests in the regional and final stages of the Olympiad was carried out. It is shown that the process of selecting test materials for the Olympiad is influenced by such problems of teaching the Russian language at school as formation of normative literacy skills, ability to work with various types of linguistic dictionaries and reference books, ability to evaluate the processes occurring in the modern Russian literary language.

Семантико-стилистическая характеристика Историзмов (маркированной лексики) В современном русском литературном языке The semantic and stylistic characteristics Of historicism (marked vocabulary) In the modern russian literary language

    تتناول المقالة الدوافع الدلالية والأسلوبية لاستعمال المفردات القديمة (التاريخية) في نص نتاجات الادب الفني. تم تقديم تفاصيل سير هذه العملية على خلفية خصائص اللغة الأدبية الروسية المعاصرة. يركز الانتباه على حقيقة أن طبقة المفردات القديمة  تنتمي إلى عدد من المفردات الوطنية الخاصة، والتي يشكل تطويرها فهمًا لطبيعة اللغة المحدثة. فضلا عن ذلك، تجدر الإشارة إلى أن دلالات الكلمات التاريخية تتناسب ثقافيًا، ويمكن تفسير ذلك من خلال حقيقة أن وضع الوحدات اللغوية يكون في وضع موازٍ للتغيرات الاجتماعية والثقافية والسياسية.

Судьба заимствований в русском языке (к истории слова партизан)

We analyze the semantics and usage of French borrowing of military partisan themes from the moment it entered Russian at the turn of the XVII–XVIII centuries to the present time. We give an etymological and historical analysis of the word, and consider the evolution of its semantics in Russian language due to the functional diversity of its use both in the donor language and in the recipient language. The study of lexeme history in cultural and historical terms helps to trace the development of the form and meaning of the word partisans and its derivatives, the peculiarities of its functioning as a representative of battle vocabulary sphere in Russian language. We conclude that the sememe is completely borrowed from the French language into the Russian lite-rary language in terms of its form (phonetics, grammar, peculiarities of word usage) and meaning. We indicate and analyze in detail the sources of word study in the synchronous-diachronic aspect, lexicographic, documentary-historical, and artistic-textual sources both on the material of the modern Russian literary language and in the previous periods of its development, and we identify the transformation of its semantic structure. We pay attention to the disclosure of the extensional value of the word in the text of Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, which is the most valu-able source for studying the lexical and semantic system of Russian language of the pre-Pushkin era. A number of examples from different spheres of the modern usus of Russian language show changes in the functional and stylistic coloration of the word and the acquisition of enantiosemici-ty features and other additional shades by the word. We conclude that the word partisan is adapted as an element of the battle term system of Russian language and that its use in modern conditions of conducting combat operations is inevitably fading away, turning it into historicism.

Naruszenie fleksyjności we współczesnym języku rosyjskim z perspektywy typologii systemowej języków Gieorgija P. Mielnikowa

The authors of the article discuss from the standpoint of the G.P. Melnikov's systemic typology of languages the phenomena characteristic for speech works of all functional styles of the modern Russian literary language that indicates violation of flectionality of the Russian language. The external preservation of inflexion and grammatical coordination in the event of violation of the forecast function in the designation of cause-effect relationships of the developing events, does not indicate flexiveness.

ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ АФФИКСОИДОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article examines the origin of root affixes functioning in the modern Russian literary language. Originality of the paper includes the diachronic approach to studying the Russian root affixes. The paper aims to identify the sources of affixoidation as a word-formative means and to ascertain the stages of differentiation of root affixes and productive stems. Analysing the Old Slavonic and the Old Russian compounds, the authors conclude that the key role in the formation of the Russian root affixes belongs to the Old Slavonic words.

Коммуникативная Компетентность Современного Государственного Служащего (Communicative Competence of Modern Civil Servant)

Russian Abstract: В представленной статье автор делает предположение, что язык государственной службы отражает уровень речевой культуры современного общества, в связи с чем появляется необходимость изучения коммуникативной компетентности госслужащих. На материале официально-деловой переписки представителей Администрации Владимирской области были выявлены, классифицированы и проанализированы наиболее часто допускаемые ошибки, а также затронут вопрос об этико-коммуникативной компетентности госслужащих. В качестве предложений по улучшению этико-коммуникативной ситуации в системе государственного управления предлагается активно внедрять дополнительные профессиональные программы повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки, направленные на изучение норм современного русского литературного языка, грамотное использование языковых средств, изучение этики общения и официально-делового протокола. English Abstract: In the article, the author makes the assumption that the language of the public service reflects the level of speech culture of modern society, and in this connection appears the necessity of studying communicative competence of civil servants. On the material of the official correspondence of the representatives of the administration of the Vladimir region, the most frequent mistakes have been identified, classified and analyzed. Also, the issue of the ethicalcommunicative competence of civil servants was raised. As proposals for improvement of the ethical-communicative situation in the public administration, the author suggests to actively implement additional professional qualification programs and professional training aimed at the study of the norms of the modern Russian literary language, competent use of language means, studying communication ethics and formal business protocol.

ЛЕКСИКО-СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РУССКОГОЯЗЫКА: ТРОПЫ В АДМИНИСТРАТИВНОМ СОЦИОЛЕКТЕ (Lexical and Syntactic Problems of the Russian Language: Paths in the Administrative Sociolect)

Russian Abstract: Цель работы – исследовать лексико-синтаксические средства выразительности речи, используемые в административном социолекте. Коммуникативная некомпетентность представителей власти становится проблемой для развития речевой культуры российского общества. Язык политических лидеров, публичных деятелей, на наш взгляд, является речевым образцом, стандартом для всего общества. Изучая административно-политический дискурс, можно отследить динамику основных тенденций современного русского языка: демократизацию и модернизацию речи. Использование лексико-синтаксических средств выразительности речи не свойственно административному социолекту, который находится в рамках официально-деловогостиля. Однако результаты исследования демонстрируют активное употребление тропов в устной речи представителей органов власти. Такой процесс имеет положительные факторы, в числе которых обогащение языка власти, отказ от архаичного административного стиля, расширение активного словарного запаса носителей административного социолекта. С другой стороны, использование лексико-синтаксических средств выразительности речи сопровождается использованием лексики разной стилистической окрашенности, нарушением норм современного русского литературного языка, наличием большого количества речевых ошибок. Вышеперечисленные процессы ухудшают качество деловой коммуникации, затрудняют интерпретацию речи, негативно влияют на имиджевую составляющую представителей властных структур. Решением проблемы, на наш взгляд, является повышенное внимание к русскому языку со стороны общества и государства, а также совершенствование коммуникативной компетенции представителей властных структур в рамках дополнительного профессионального образования. English Abstract: The aim of the work is to study lexical and syntactic means of speech expressiveness used in the administrative sociolect. Communicative incompetence of the authorities has become a problem, impeding the development of speech culture in Russian society. In our opinion, the language of government officials, political leaders and public figures is a speech model, a standard for the whole society. By studying the administrative and political discourse, it is possible to trace the dynamics of the main trends in the modern Russian language: democratization and modernization of speech. The use of lexical and syntactical means of speech expressiveness is not typical of the administrative sociolect, which is found within the framework of the official business style. However, the results of the study demonstrate the active use of tropes in the oral speech of the representatives of government bodies. This process has its positive aspects, including the enrichment of the language of power, the rejection of the archaic administrative style and the expansion of the active vocabulary of the administrative sociolect speakers. On the other hand, the use of lexical and syntactic means of speech expressiveness is accompanied by the use of vocabulary of different stylistic color, violation of the norms of the modern Russian literary language and the presence of numerous speech errors. All these factors have a negative influence on the quality of business communication impeding speech comprehension and spoiling the image of members of power structures. The solution to the problem, in our opinion, is increasing attention to the Russian language on the part of society and the state, as well as improving the communicative competence of members of government structures in the framework of further professional education.

Occasional word-formation as a dynamic aspect of the Russian language derivational system

The article is devoted to the study of unusual word-formation as a manifestation of the dynamic aspect of Russian word-formation. The subject of the research are active wordbuilding processes of the modern Russian language, structural-semantic and functionalpragmatic characteristics of occasional units. The research is based on theoretical contributions of W. von Humboldt where the language is considered not only as a product of human activity but as an activity itself, and ideas of E. A. Zemskaya of activity nature of the Russian wordformation as a subsystem of the general language system. Revealing of productive methods and techniques of occasional neologisms formation functioning in the Russian newspaper periodicals testifies that occasional word-formation is one of the most important operating mechanisms of the Russian language derivational system; the dynamics of word-formation processes in the language of mass media reflects general trends of the modern Russian literary language development, taking place within the framework of language democratization and liberalization.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПРИНЦИПОВ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ И УСТОЙЧИВЫХ СОЧЕТАНИЙ СЛОВ В «СЛОВАРЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РУССКОГО ЛИТЕРАТУРНОГО ЯЗЫКА» И В «БОЛЬШОМ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОМ СЛОВАРЕ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА»

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПРИНЦИПОВ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ И УСТОЙЧИВЫХ СОЧЕТАНИЙ СЛОВ В «СЛОВАРЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РУССКОГО ЛИТЕРАТУРНОГО ЯЗЫКА» И В «БОЛЬШОМ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОМ СЛОВАРЕ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА»

Modern Russian Literary Language as the State Official Language of the Russian Federation

The RF Federal Law «On official language of the Russian Federation» establishes the status of the modern Russian literary language as the state official language due to its inherent multi-functionality and normativity, which permits the language to be used throughout the country in various communication contexts. This paper sets out to differentiate such concepts as the «modern Russian literary language», «official language» and «functional and stylistic varieties of the literary language». We emphasize the need to restrain the penetration of changes into the official language. The observance of literary norms is assumed to be the main instrument of maintaining the language stability.

Extracurricular Activities: Formation of Schoolchildren’s Cultural Competence on the Basis of Precedent Names in the Russian Culture

In this study we investigate the formation of schoolchildren’s general cultural competence using extracurricular reading assignments in the Russian language. The teaching method was based on a project-based pedagogical technology and consisted in the creation of an illustrated dictionary of precedent names in the Russian culture. The result of the study ‘Pushkiniana – a unique phenomenon of the Russian culture’ is presented in the form of a curriculum for extracurricular activities, including thematic planning, a technological map and a fragment of the lesson ‘Alexander Pushkin – the сreator of modern Russian literary language’ in the form of lexicographical workshop.