Moderating Effect Of Self-efficacy Research Articles

How formal caregiver’s BPSD knowledge influences positive aspects of caregiving: the mediating role of attitude and the moderating role of self-efficacy

BackgroundThe current study investigated the relationship between behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) knowledge and positive aspects of caregiving (PAC), in addition, how caregiving attitude and self-efficacy mediate or moderate this relationship.MethodsTwo hundred twenty-nine formal caregivers (51males and 178females) who has worked in nursing homes for more than a month were recruited.With a cross-sectional, face-to-face survey, structural questionnaires were implemented to evaluate formal caregiver’s BPSD knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and PAC.A 13-item self-developed questionnaire was used to assess caregiver’s BPSD knowledge about disease characteristics, care and risks, and treatment needs. Dementia attitude, self-efficacy and positive aspects of caregiving were measured by dementia attitude scale, the General self-efficacy scale, and Chinese version of positive aspects of caregiving respectively. Model 5 in the PROCESS micro was employed in order to verify the mediating effect of attitude and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between BPSD knowledge and PAC.ResultsThe results showed that greater BPSD knowledge was associated with increased PAC, and this relationship was fully mediated by increased friendly attitude toward people with dementia. Moreover, direct effect was moderated by self-efficacy, and that only among those with high self-efficacy, the direct effect of BPSD knowledge was found on promoting PAC.ConclusionsBy elucidating the knowledge-attitude-practice pathway in handling patient’s BPSD, the current study extends existing literature and provides insights for developing psychoeducation programs among formal caregivers.

The Effect of Openness to Experience and Perceived Organizational Support for Creativity on Creative Performance:

The first purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of feedback seeking behavior in the process of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance. The second purpose was to examine whether self-efficacy moderates the effects of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on feedback seeking behavior. An online survey was conducted on employees from domestic companies and a total of 284 data were analyzed. The structural equation modeling and multiple regression analysis results are as follows. First, the effects of openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance was statistically significant. Second, the mediating effect of feedback-seeking behavior was significant in the openness to experience and perceived organizational support for creativity on creative performance. Third, the moderating effect of self-efficacy was significant in the relationship between perceived organizational support for creativity and feedback-seeking behavior. Specifically, the positive relationship between perceived organizational support for creativity and feedback-seeking behavior was stronger when the self-efficacy was high rather than low. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

Subjective well-being among psychotherapists during the coronavirus disease pandemic: A cross-cultural survey from 12 european countries

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the amount of the total variance of the subjective well-being (SWB) of psychotherapists from 12 European countries explained by between-country vs. between-person differences regarding its cognitive (life satisfaction) and affective components (positive affect [PA] and negative affect [NA]). Second, we explored a link between the SWB and their personal (self-efficacy) and social resources (social support) after controlling for sociodemographics, work characteristics, and COVID-19-related distress. MethodsIn total, 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF), the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. ResultsCognitive well-being (CWB; satisfaction with life) was a more country-dependent component of SWB than affective well-being (AWB). Consequently, at the individual level, significant correlates were found only for AWB but not for CWB. Higher AWB was linked to being female, older age, higher weekly workload, and lower COVID-19-related distress. Self-efficacy and social support explained AWB only, including their main effects and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. ConclusionsThe results highlight more individual characteristics of AWB compared to CWB, with a more critical role of low self-efficacy for the link between social support and PA rather than NA. This finding suggests the need for greater self-care among psychotherapists regarding their AWB and the more complex conditions underlying their CWB.

해외여행의 위험지각과 방문의도 간에 자기효능감의 조절효과

In this study, questionnaires were conducted with citizens of the Daejeon region in order to prove whether there was a moderating effect of self-efficacy between the risk perception of overseas travel and visit intention. For the data, a research model and two hypotheses were established using the statistical program SPSS 17.0, and empirical analysis was conducted. First, the relationship between the risk perception of overseas travel and the intention to visit was assessed. Second, the moderating effect of self-efficacy between risk perception and visit intention was analyzed. As a result, it was found that COVID-19 affects the perception of risk of overseas travel on intention to visit. Then, a significant regression coefficient was obtained for the interaction term to examine the moderating effect of self-efficacy between visit intentions in the risk perception of overseas travel, and it was verified that self-efficacy had a moderating effect. Therefore, the hypothesis suggested was adopted.

Social support and depressive symptoms: exploring stigma and self-efficacy in a moderated mediation model

BackgroundAlthough some psychological processes, such as stigma and self-efficacy, affect the complicated relationship between social support and depressive symptoms, few studies explored a similar psychological mechanism among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Hence, this research investigates the mediating effects of stigma and the moderating effects of self-efficacy among the psychological mechanism that social support affects depressive symptoms.MethodsThe study included 1040 Chinese participants with SUDs and completed a series of self-report questionnaires. R software was used to organize and clean up data sets and analyze mediation and moderation effects.ResultsThe result showed that stigma partially mediated depressive symptoms, while self-efficacy moderated this relationship. More specifically, less social support increased depression symptoms by bringing about higher stigma. Besides, subjects with higher self-efficacy are less susceptible to stigma and therefore have mild depressive symptoms. Furthermore, clinical and theoretical implications are discussed in our study.ConclusionsChinese SUDs patients’ depressive symptoms were indirectly affected by perceived social support via stigma and less affected by stigma with improved self-efficacy. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Sex Differences in Healthy Eating: Investigating the Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate sex differences in dietary habits and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the adoption of a healthy diet. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingThe healthy population of Tehran, Iran. ParticipantsA total of 262 participants from the general population with normal health status. Main Outcome MeasureThe adoption of a healthy diet was based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on eating behaviors. AnalysisLogistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression (moderation) analysis were conducted using PROCESS macro (version 3.5). ResultsThe sex-based analysis revealed that females were more likely to adopt a healthy diet vs males (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–3.35). The moderation analysis showed that eating behavior self-efficacy significantly moderated the relationship between sex differences and HEI-2015 scores (ΔR2 = 0.01; P = 0.033). Males with low self-efficacy scores had the highest difference in HEI-2015 with females with low self-efficacy scores, whereas the difference in HEI-2015 was very small in males and females with high self-efficacy scores. Conclusions and ImplicationsEating behavior self-efficacy had a significantly decreasing moderating effect on sex differences in the adoption of a healthy diet. Future research needs to clarify the impact of eating`` behavior self-efficacy in the adoption of a healthy diet, particularly in males, and to confirm the study's findings.

Relationship between post-traumatic disorder and posttraumatic growth in COVID-19 home-confined adolescents: The moderating role of self-efficacy.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been traumatogenic for some people, posttraumatic growth (PTG) outcomes have also been observed. This study examined the PTG in adolescents and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and PTG. An online questionnaire was conducted on 2090 adolescent Chinese students to measure COVID-19 related exposure, self-efficacy, PTSD, and PTG. PTG prevalence was found in 20.6% of the sample, with the relationship between PTSD and PTG being found to be a reverse U-shaped curve. Objective exposure factors were found to be closely associated with PTSD symptoms but not with PTG. Similarly, subjective feelings of extreme fear were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms but not with PTG. Self-efficacy was found to be positively correlated with PTG (r = 0.551) and to moderate the relationship between PTSD and PTG. For those with low self-efficacy, the higher the PTSD, the higher the PTG, and for those with high self-efficacy, the higher the PTSD, the lower the PTG. As an improved sense of self-efficacy in adolescents could promote positive psychological transformations, these results could assist in identifying self-efficacy levels and providing guidance for targeted psychological interventions to promote positive growth.

Factors Affecting e-Learning Acceptance among Students: The Moderating Effect of Self-efficacy

This paper aims to investigate e-learning acceptance in Malaysian higher education institutions and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. This study is crucial as online and distance learning have grown in all education sectors due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A valid sample of 414 survey responses from active students currently enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate levels in Malaysian higher education institutions was collected for data analysis. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed in the data analysis. Results indicate that all four exogenous variables (performance expectancy, social influence, perceived enjoyment, and self-efficacy) significantly affect students’ acceptance towards e-learning. However, only performance expectancy and social influence are moderated by self-efficacy towards acceptance of e-learning, as self-efficacy does significantly strengthen the relationship of performance expectancy and social influence towards e-learning acceptance. The findings may serve as a reference point for future studies in response to changing the learning method preferences and technological advancements.

Impact of Website Interface on Customer Experience and Engagement Intention in Online Hotel Booking

This study aims to examine the impacts of a website interface on customer experience and engagement intention in online hotel booking services. A research model was proposed to discuss the interrelationships among website interface attributes, online customer experience, and customer engagement intention. The moderating effects of self-efficacy were also included. A quantitative approach of collecting 608 usable online questionnaires was conducted, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the measurement model and proposed hypotheses. The results demonstrated that customer experience was affected by the information attributes, service attributes, and technical attributes of the booking website interface. Furthermore, customer experience was found to be positively related to customer engagement intention on booking websites. Moderating effects of web self-efficacy on these relationships were suggested.

Does employee readiness to change impact organization change implementation? Empirical evidence from emerging economy

PurposeThis study aims to gain insight into factors that impact employee readiness to change and organizational change management. Therefore, an integrative research model is developed with the combination of perceived competence, perceived relatedness, perceived autonomy, codification strategy and personalization strategy to investigate employee readiness to change. The research model tests the mediating role of employee readiness to change between factors underpinned self-determination theory, knowledge management strategy and organizational change management. In addition to the moderating role of self-efficacy is examined between the relationship of employee readiness to change and organizational change implementation.Design/methodology/approachThis research is conducted under a positive paradigm, and therefore, a quantitative research approach is incorporated to design a research strategy. The research model is empirically tested with a sample size of 361 employees working in commercial banks of Pakistan. For data analysis, the structural equation modelling approach is applied.FindingsEmpirical findings indicate that altogether perceived competence, perceived autonomy, perceived relatedness, codification and personalization strategies had explained 76.8% variance in employee readiness to change. The effect size analysis shows that codification strategy has the largest impact in determining employee readiness to change. Therefore, the relatedness of employee tasks stands at the second stage in determining employee readiness to change. The predictive relevance of the research model is computed through blindfolding procedure and revealed substantial predictive relevance in measuring employee readiness to change. The findings of the research confirmed that the relationship between employee readiness to change and organizational change implementation will be stronger when self-efficacy is higher.Practical implicationsThe current research has several contributions to theory and practice. Theoretically, this research extends the self-determination theory with knowledge management strategy and enriches literature in employee readiness to change and organizational change management context. Practically, this research suggests that policymakers should focus on factors underpinned by self-determination theory and knowledge management model to develop a positive attitude among employees towards readiness to change. Similarly, self-efficacy is another important factor that moderates the relationship between readiness to change and change implementation and should be considered for managerial implication.Originality/valueThis research is significant as it integrates two unique models, namely, the self-determination framework and the knowledge management model to investigate employee readiness to change. In addition to that, the research model is extended with the moderating effect of self-efficacy between the relationship of employee readiness to change and organizational change implementation.

해고위험인식이 반이직의도에 미치는 영향: 자기효능감의 조절역할

This study demonstrated the moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between perceived risk of dismissal and intention to stay, and suggested relevant findings. The research sample included full-time front-line employees from a five-star tourist hotel in Seoul. The survey period took place from July 1st to July 10th, 2021, and 280 structured questionnaires were distributed through convenience extraction (The final analysis were used 260 valid copies(93%)). The results are as follows. First, the academic implications are that the causal relationship between employees'' perceived risk of dismissal due to the COVID-19 disaster and intention to stay, as well as the moderating effect of self-efficacy were theoretically proven. Second, the practical implication is that managers and employees need to prepare strategic alternatives to always prepare for the occurrence of unpredictable and uncontrollable situations following the COVID-19 disaster.

베이비부머 세대의 디지털 미디어 리터러시가 매체지속이용의도에 미치는 영향 : 자기효능감의 조절효과와 미디어 멀티태스킹의 매개효과를 중심으로

디지털 미디어 리터러시는 현대사회를 살아가는 필수 역량이지만, 기존의 시니어 세대는 연령, 성별, 소득, 학력 등의 요인으로 인해 디지털 미디어 리터러시 수준이 낮아 디지털 소외나 사회 부적응의 문제 등이 지적되어왔다. 그러나 50~60대 베이비 부머 세대는 기존의 시니어 세대와 달리 디지털 기기 사용 능력과 미디어에 대한 이해 능력 및 수용적 관점에서 큰 차이를 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 50-60대 베이비부머 세대의 디지털 미디어 리터러시와 지속이용의도 간 멀티태스킹의 매개효과를 분석하고, 자기효능감이 조절변인으로써 각 변인에 대해 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조절된 매개효과를 통해 실증 분석해 보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 디지털 미디어 리터러시 수준이 높을수록 지속이용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 디지털 미디어 리터러시와 지속이용의도 간 멀티태스킹 요인은 부분매개효과를 나타냈다. 자기효능감 요인은 디지털 미디어 리터러시와 멀티태스킹 관계, 멀티태스킹과 지속이용의도, 디지털 미디어 리터러시와 지속이용의도 관계에서 조절효과로써 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 디지털 미디어 리터러시와 지속이용의도 간 관계에서 멀티태스킹의 매개효과는 검증되었으나, 선행연구를 바탕으로 한 자기효능감의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 디지털 미디어를 통해 사회적 상호작용을 하는 베이비부머 세대의 디지털 미디어 리터러시와 지속이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 모색함으로써 학술적, 실무적 관점에서 후속연구의 필요성을 제시하였다.

Moderating effect of self-efficacy on the association of intimate partner violence with risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in China

BackgroundIn China, men who have sex with men (MSM) face a high risk of HIV infection. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in this population and leads to various adverse consequences, including risky sexual behaviors, substance abuse, and poor mental health, which pose huge challenges to HIV prevention and control.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the lifetime prevalence of IPV and prevalence of risky sexual behaviors during the previous 6 months in a convenience sample of 578 MSM from 15 cities covering seven geographical divisions in mainland China. The associations between IPV and risky sexual behaviors and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on these associations were explored through univariate and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence rates of IPV perpetration and victimization were 32.5% and 32.7%, respectively. The proportions of participants who reported inconsistent condom use with regular or casual partners and multiple regular or casual sexual partners were 25.8%, 8.3%, 22.2%, and 37.4%, respectively. Multiple IPV experiences were positively associated with risky sexual behaviors; for example, any IPV victimization was positively associated with multiple regular partners, adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02,2.32], and multiple casual partners, ORa = 1.93, 95% CI [1.33, 2.80]. Any IPV perpetration was positively associated with inconsistent condom use with regular partners, ORa = 1.58, 95% CI [1.04, 2.40], and multiple casual partners, ORa = 2.11, 95% CI [1.45, 3.06]. Self-efficacy was identified as a significant moderator of the association between multiple casual sexual partnership and emotional IPV.ConclusionsIn conclusion, given the high prevalence of both IPV and risky sexual behaviors among Chinese MSM in this study, the inclusion of self-efficacy in interventions targeting IPV and risky sexual behaviors should be considered.

A study on The Effect of Retirement Readiness the New-middle Aged on Life Satisfaction - Moderation Effect of Self-Efficacy

본 연구에서는 신중년의 노후준비도가 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 자기효능감의 조절효과를 검증하여길어진 노년기를 행복하게 보내기 위해 노후준비도 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 정책적 시사점을 찾아보았다. 이를위해 신중년 270명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 빈도분석, 상관분석, 기술통계, 위계적 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 신중년의 경제적, 사회적, 신체적 노후준비도는 삶의 만족도에 유의미하게 영향을 미치며, 이중사회적 노후준비도는 경제적 노후준비도나 신체적 노후준비도에 비해 상대적으로 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로나타났으며, 자기효능감은 삶의 만족도에 유의미한 조절변인으로 나타났다. 노후준비도의 하위요인에 대하여 자기효능감이 높은 집단에 비해 자기효능감이 낮은 집단이 삶의 만족도에 대해 자기효능감의 영향력을 상대적으로 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 4차 산업혁명이나 코로나19 등으로 미래 불확실성이 커지면서 노후준비가 더욱 강조되고 있는 상황에서 신중년의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인이 자기효능감과 같은 심리적 기제라는 것을확인한 것은 매우 의의가 있다. 노년기 삶의 만족을 향상 할 수 있도록 노후준비에 대한 어려움을 잘 관리하고, 생애설계지원서비스, 재무 및 여가를 포함한 통합적 노후준비 교육 등 다양한 지원책이 필요한 이유이다.

소비자의 O4O 서비스 이용과 인지욕구가 지각된 유용성에 미치는 영향: 자기 효능감의 매개된 조절효과

소비자의 O4O 서비스 이용과 인지욕구가 지각된 유용성에 미치는 영향: 자기 효능감의 매개된 조절효과

The Moderating Role of Self Efficacy Toward Multiple Role Conflict and Job Performance

The focus of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the moderating effect of self efficacy on the relation of multiple role conflict on employee performance. In addition, this study also examines the effect of multiple role conflict and self-efficacy on job performance. One hundred female employees from four commercial/government banks were sampled in this study. Sampling using purposive sampling technique with the criteria have been working for more than one year, married and already have children. Data were collected through questionnaires and processed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results showed that multiple role conflicts have a significant negative effect on job performance, self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on job performance. Meanwhile, self-efficacy is not able to weaken or strengthen the influence of multiple role conflicts on job performance, in other words, self-efficacy fails to become a moderating variable in this study.

체험마케팅이 만족도 및 재구매의도에 미치는 영향: 자기효능감의 조절 및 만족도의 매개효과를 중심으로

오늘날 전자제품의 사용은 일상이 되었다고 할 수 있다. 소비자에게 전자제품의 중요성이 커지고, 전자제품 시장의 치열한 경쟁으로 기업은 소비자를 만족시키기 위한 노력이 더욱 필요하다. 본 연구는 플래그십스토어와 일반 전자제품매장이 소비자에게 체험마케팅을 제공함으로써 만족도와 재구매의도를 높이기 위한 실무적 시사점을 제시하고자 연구하였다. 연구방법으로는 플래그십스토어나 전자제품 매장에서 제공하는 체험마케팅이 소비자 만족도와 재구매의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 확인하였고, 체험마케팅과 재구매의도의 관계에서 만족도의 매개효과와 체험마케팅과 만족도, 체험마케팅과 재구매의도의 관계에서 자기효능감의 조절효과를 분석하였다.<BR> 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 플래그십스토어와 전자제품매장에서 제공하는 체험마케팅이 만족도와 재구매의도의 관계에 있어서, 소비자 심리 측면에서 자기효능감의 조절역할을 확인했다는 것에 의미가 있다. 둘째, 플래그십스토어나 전자제품 매장에서 감성적 체험과 관계적 체험이 고객 만족과 재구매의도를 높이기 위한 핵심요인임을 시사한다. 셋째, 기업은 플레그십스토어나 전자제품매장에서 제공하는 체험마케팅으로 소비자 재구매의도를 높이기 위해서는 자기효능감을 높이는 방법을 모색해야 할 것이다.

Association Between Anxiety Symptoms and Problematic Smartphone Use Among Chinese University Students: The Mediating/Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a novel manifestation of addictive behaviors. It is frequently reported to be correlated with anxiety symptoms among University students. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been thoroughly studied. Whether the association between anxiety symptoms and PSU is mediated or moderated by self-efficacy remains unclarified. A cluster sampling cross-sectional study was thus conducted to explore the potential mediating or moderating effect of self-efficacy in Chinese University students. Participants (N = 1,113) were recruited from eight Universities in Shenyang, China. Of them, 146 did not effectively respond to the questionnaires. Thus, 967 participants were eligible for the final analysis. The mediating or moderating role of self-efficacy in the anxiety-PSU relationship was explored using hierarchical multiple regression. Then the mediation model was further verified using the SPSS macros program (PROCESS v3.0). Our results showed that anxiety symptoms was positively correlated with PSU (r = 0.302, P < 0.01), while self-efficacy was negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms and PSU (r = −0.271 and −0.181, P < 0.01). Self-efficacy partly mediated the relationship between anxiety symptoms and PSU, which accounted for ~17.5% of the total effect that anxiety symptoms have on PSU. However, the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the anxiety-PSU relationship was insignificant. In summary, our findings suggested that self-efficacy partly mediates but not moderates the link between anxiety symptoms and PSU among Chinese University students. Therefore, multicomponent interventions should be made to restrict the frequency of smartphone usage, enhance the level of self-efficacy, and thus promote the mental health status of University students.

Chinese mothers’ intent to disclose the HIV status to their children: the role of outcome expectations and self-efficacy

ABSTRACT The present study examined the association between outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and intention to disclose HIV status to children among HIV-positive women in China, and the moderating and mediating role of self-efficacy on the association between outcome expectations and intention to disclose. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 179 HIV-positive mothers who had at least one living child aged >5 years and had not yet disclosed their HIV status to her oldest child. Results from hierarchical regressions revealed that after adjusting for socio-demographic and medical variables, negative outcome expectations had a negative association (β = −0.22), while disclosure self-efficacy had a positive association (β = 0.43) with an intention to disclose HIV. The moderation effect of self-efficacy on the association between outcome expectations and intention to disclose HIV was not significant. Results from structural equation modeling showed that self-efficacy mediated the association between negative/positive outcome expectations and intention to disclose HIV. Findings support the importance of outcome expectations and self-efficacy and also the mediating role of self-efficacy in HIV disclosure among HIV-positive mothers in the Chinese context.

The Moderating Effect of Self-efficacy on the Relationship Between Internet Game Addiction and Aggression Among Korean Adolescents

The purpose of this study is to exam the moderating effect of self-efficacy that can change and predict adolescent behavior in relation to how internet game addiction influences aggression. For this purpose, an online survey of a sample of 811 middle and high school teenagers who used smartphones was performed from August 8 to 16, 2019. The analysis of the resulting data revealed the following. First, the group at high risk of internet game addiction displayed greater aggressiveness than other groups. Second, it was empirically verified that self-efficacy is a variable controlling the relationship between adolescents' internet game addiction and aggression. Based on these results, implementing social welfare and educational intervention measures were discussed to reduce the problematic behaviors of addictive use and aggressiveness surrounding internet gaming. This study’s limitation, as well as suggestions for further studies are as follows. Since no studies on clinical game addiction diagnosis were implemented, in-depth follow-up studies are required to verify the regulation effect of self-efficacy on internet game addiction and aggression in young people who have been diagnosed with game addiction. Further, variables related to parents and home life were not assessed. Thus, in relation to young people's game addiction and aggression, future studies of parent-child interaction and the regulation effect of family leisure activities are suggested.