Rural Development Model Research Articles

The role and importance of social capital in rural development

A fundamentally new characteristic of the policy in relation to the development of rural areas is the achievement of a high standard of living of the rural population due to non-material factors of development, namely, the quality of the social environment and the state of the environment. In the new model of rural development, the main element is social capital and the level of development of rural social networks based on Internet technologies. Digitalization contributes to the active involvement of the rural population of Russia in network social interaction. Social networks are more important for rural residents than for urban residents, since they neutralize the territorial disunity of villages and provide access to information. They become a structural component of social capital, a condition and factor of its formation and reproduction. However, the level of digitalization in rural areas remains insufficient and is significantly inferior to urban areas. The development and improvement of social capital contributes to the use of hidden intangible resources, the disclosure of the potential of rural areas, the growth of its competitiveness, the formation of economic and social ties.

Serbian agricultural cooperatives and their path towards the European Union: Legal aspect

The association of farmers as a model of sustainable rural development is a significant factor in the rapid development of agriculture and the improvement of the position of agricultural producers. The economic importance of cooperatives in the world and Europe is continuously growing, especially in the conditions of global and regional economic and financial crises, when cooperatives show a high degree of resistance to the shocks of these crises and a high percent of survival on the market. The European Union recognizes the growing role of cooperatives. The European Commission define the cooperative sector as protector and promoter of the European model of social economy, and as an extremely important factor in building and preserving local "social capital" - trust, mutual assistance and horizontal ties between citizens and organizations. New EU members and candidate countries preparing to join the EU, including the Republic of Serbia, should promote cooperatives as a key aspect of economic development and social policy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current legal position of agricultural cooperatives in Serbia, and to determine the degree of harmonization with EU regulations and comparative analysis of their legal regulation in the EU Member States. Based on the conducted analysis, recommendations will be proposed in order to improve the legislative framework of agricultural cooperatives in Republic of Serbia in order their future successful functioning on the EU market.

Challenges and Gaps on Pastoral Land System: Ethiopian Focus

Pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in eastern Africa and elsewhere on the continent have long been regarded as peripheries, especially in economic terms, but also in terms of social and cultural accomplishment governments do little to formally recognize or integrate pastoral lands as critical parts of rural livelihood systems and economic development models. Instead, many states give preference to other alternatives. Aiming to search for comprehensive suitable policy line for Ethiopian pastoral land system, the study employed qualitative data analysis methodology with primary and secondary sources by comparative approach. Though lowland in Ethiopia holds 60% of total land mass and the future of the nation, the normative and institutional framework is unable to govern adequately in manner to effectively utilize the potential. The failure of national law to recognize the customary rights of pastoralist groups, policy and strategy gaps, lack of registration and certification communal land holding rights put the pastoral tenure un secure and has left those communities highly vulnerable. The main contemporary problem in Ethiopian pastoral societies, however, is that various indigenous forms of tenure that no doubt evolved as indicated above now are increasingly subordinated to unitary national land tenure legislation. The situation in the pastoral areas is either ignored or very superficially treated. The critical thinking and appropriate legal as well as institutional framework with the right policy direction is neccassarily needed by taking lesson, like recognition customery land tenure, enactment of detailed laws which adequately protect the interests of pastoral community, registration and certification of communal holding rights, legitimazing the power of traditional institutions and authorities from successful countries. This can be used as appropraite behicle to eradiction of poverty and shortens the journey towards growth and transformation of the country.

Assessment of The Rural Economic Structure of Güdül Town (Ankara) by Quantified Swot Analysis

Purpose Rather than solely having agricultural production at its core, rural development comprises of a multiaxial structure in which the socio-economic structure develops, non-agricultural economic diversification is assured, and a governance-based approached is adopted in the organization and participation mechanisms. The applicability and consistency of these intertwined axes entail an integrated approach to efforts in rural development. With the purpose of uncovering the critical points of the process, creating strategies intended for rural economic development within the axes valued by different stakeholders, and strengthening the participation mechanisms, SWOT Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated method, and TOWS matrix have been used to identify the Güdül rural economic development model. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, the hierarchical structure established for the economic structure of Güdül is placed on the foundations of a SWOT analysis, quantified through Analytic Hierarchy Process, and evaluated within the framework of the three stakeholder’s perceptions (local people, experts, and local governments) according to their priority values. Findings Thus, the extent of the respective effects of important factors in rural economic development has been identified. In conclusion, the decisive role of quantified methods in the identification of strategies and policies utilized in the process of Güdül’s rural economic development has been manifested. Various strategies supporting the rural development and also institutions responsible for the implementation of these strategies were designated in light of the needs of Güdül and the expectations of the local people living in rural areas. Research Limitations/Implications The version of the questionnaire forms compatible with the SWOT-AHP technique, the scarcity of local manager surveys, the lack of answers to the questions of the local people are among the main difficulties encountered. Originality/Value This study is quite original in that it is the first strategic rural development plan model made specifically for Güdül, related to the participation of indigenous people in planning initiatives and transparently reflects the sometimes combined and sometimes changing views of local people, experts and local administrators about the importance of SWOT groups has a quality.

How Do Smart Villages Become a Way to Achieve Sustainable Development in Rural Areas? Smart Village Planning and Practices in China

The sustainability of rural areas is facing numerous challenges in China. The Chinese government has chosen the construction of smart villages as an important strategy to realize the sustainable development of rural areas. In this paper, we define a smart village as a rural development model that fully utilizes the solutions provided by the information and communication technology (ICT) to promote the sustainable development of the village on the basis of clarifying the characteristics and needs of rural development. Combined with general system theory, we propose a theoretical framework of the smart village system. Based on the theoretical framework of the smart village system, we analyzed the smart village strategic planning and smart village practice in China. The results of the study showed that the construction and development of smart villages in disadvantaged rural areas is the correct choice for sustainable rural development according to the current situation in China. The Chinese government’s role in promoting smart village construction has been to promote the smart village system’s strategic subsystem to enhance smart rural areas’ development through a unified overall plan and related supporting policies. The top-down smart village construction model currently adopted by China is determined by China’s political and economic system, which is mainly reflected in the centralization of power and the public economy’s dominance.

Actions for sustainable development: A strategy for rural growth in Dropull municipality

The rapid depopulation that is emptying the rural areas around Europe is a common problem that also affects Albania: countryside areas in Albania are facing serious social and economic changes due to the abandonment and decay of the smaller town centres, where the age of inhabitants is unstoppably growing due to the centralization of the industries and production services in bigger urbanized areas. The lack of infrastructures and facilities for the community as well as for potential tourists, brings about the necessity of re-thinking how to design a rural development model that satisfies the social, economic and environmental sustainability for the development of rural areas. The overview of villages in Dropull municipality shows how depopulation has given rise to the degradation of vernacular architecture and therefore, the decline of the construction and the local businesses related to building materials. This has led the Albanian government to launch the initiative “100+ village academy”, whose main objective is to design tailor-made development models for rural areas, based on tourism potential. Therefore, finding strategies to promote the gradual reactivation of buildings, public infrastructures, community services, monuments and tourism attractions seems to be key to succeed in the development of rural areas in Dropull municipality. Acknowledging the great contribution that rural and vernacular architecture can give to the development of the area, this work aims to understand the building typologies, uses and techniques, as well as the urban fabric of the Dropull villages, with a focus on Jorgucat. In addition, the current situation of the built environment will be applied to specific building contexts, with the intention not only to build sustainable infrastructure but also promote the economy of the community by the reactivation of rural tourism and businesses. The design and construction as a trigger in the development process of a rural village becomes a key moment to foster the economy, the environment and the sense of belonging to a community.

An improved consumer decision model for rural residential development: A theoretical framework and empirical evidence from China

China has a considerable demand for the improvement of the rural residential environment. However, limited knowledge of the rural situation and insufficient consideration of residents' demands impede development. To improve the current living environment, it is essential to understand the current conditions of rural housings and the decision-making process of residents on new residential construction. This study established an improved Consumer Decision Model (CDM) that describes the decision-making process of rural residents on residential construction. Based on the CDM model, a questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the rural residential situation and the expectations of residents on new construction. An in-depth analysis was carried out by logistic regression to develop the impact paths of crucial factors that affect residential construction cost and duration. A three-tier demand hierarchy was then established to depict the relationship between residents’ demands and preferred decision. Policy suggestions for the improvement of the living environment in rural areas were also proposed at the end of the study. The result extends the CDM theory to the application of credence goods (e.g., rural residences) and also provides an impact path model to understand the influencing mechanism in determining rural residential decisions on new construction.

Rural entrepreneurship: towards collaborative participative models for economic sustainability

Rural entrepreneurship development is one of the strategies for encouraging the acceleration of rural development by focusing on the exploration of local resources. The role of rural entrepreneurship is crucial in creating new economic activities that can help to reduce unemployment and poverty, especially in rural areas. One of the Indonesian government's programs for encouraging rural entrepreneurship is establishing BUMDes - a village-owned enterprise. This study aims to propose a participatory rural development model to optimize stakeholder collaboration in promoting local economic growth in rural areas. This study uses a qualitative method with a multi-case study approach. There are three BUMDes from three regencies in West Java, Indonesia participated in this research. Triangulation used to check the validity of the data by comparing the results of interviews, FGD's, observations and secondary data. The results of the study found three sustainability dimensions to measure the success of BUMDes performance such as economic sustainability, social sustainability and market sustainability. The results suggest a collaborative model to optimizing BUMDes performance. The new model illustrates the collaboration between stakeholders to pursue rural entrepreneurship sustainability.

Process Model of Rural Planning Based on the Experiences of Community-based Development Projects (The 2020s Projects in the Critical Centers of Sistan, Rigan and Jazmourian)

Purpose- The implementation of participatory projects aiming socio-economic empowerment and environmental sustainability is one of the sustainable management strategies in arid rural areas across the world in the recent decades. This study was conducted to answer two questions: What have been the characteristics and achievements of participatory development and community-based projects in rural areas located within the critical centers of Sistan, Jazmourian, and Rigan? How is a process model for rural development planning consistent with the geography of aforementioned areas? Design/methodology/approach- The present study is descriptive-analytical and the research process includes the analysis of the goals and final achievements of participatory plans in Rigan (RFLDL), the progress and development Plan in Ghaleh-Ganj, the Carbon Sequestration plan in Jazmourian and Lashar, the Menarid Project in Sistan, Village without unemployed project, SAHAB community-based projects, and ASEMAN project from Barekat Foundation in Sistan region. The required data consisted of the performance statistics of the above-mentioned projects, and the required analysis was conducted on the dat. Finding- Each of these projects has positive achievements in accordance with its short-term goals. Although it is quantitatively desirable, they failed to continue to operate in a regular and stable planning process in rural areas. Execution of a process model for rural development planning requires institutional transformations and the establishment of an integrated facility direction system for the economic infrastructure of rural areas (with a focus on the value chain) and a series of previous and subsequent jobs in each chain. Research limitations/implications- Among the main limitations of reformation in the programs and continuous learning from past experiences are the effort of conductors in charge of implementing rural development projects to indicate the expected achievements by relying on seemingly favorable statistics with false documentation, and the weakness or lack of a public oversight system on the actual achievements of projects. Real decentralization in the country's rural planning system, the establishment of a public oversight system, and a process planning are the best strategies for sustaining local communities.

Community-driven social innovation and quadruple helix coordination in rural development. Case study on LEADER group Aktion Österbotten

Abstract Social innovations (SIs) are new ideas that create collaboration or new social relationships and thus meet local needs. The purpose of the research is to understand the role of SIs and community-based quadruple-helix actors in rural development. The research question is how do community-based quadruple-helix actors contribute to the formation of SI networks in the context of rural development? The triple helix model represents innovations as emerging in cooperation between three helices (university, industry, and government). The quadruple helix (QH) adds civil society as a fourth helix. Using the QH model in rural development requires a broad definition of the helices. In addition to universities, all types of educational and research institutes are important. In addition, different types of public organisations are important, not just the government. We define the fourth helix as representing civil society as a community, not just individual citizens. Our main argument is that the QH model fosters understanding of the variety of formal and informal ways in which SI enables societal development in rural areas. We examine the relevant relationships with the help of the strands of literature on SI and QH, and also a case study on projects conducted under the LEADER programme (Aktion Osterbotten) in Finland. The case study is based on a narrative approach inspired by the learning history method, with the identification of critical incidents, which help us to identify how the QH evolves throughout successful community-driven SIs. The narrative approach reveals the significance of informal communities in transforming QH relations. Many projects under the LEADER programme aim to strengthen the attraction of communities by promoting local identity, including broad participation in collective events, such as enjoying nature, cultural events, sports, and other social activities. Many of those activities have the potential to spill over into other types of SI, such as entrepreneurship oriented towards tourism and new solutions to social needs. The decisive factor for the success of the projects was the involvement of local communities. The local knowledge of the communities was nourished in the projects in interaction with other local and extra-local QH actors. Accordingly, the main contribution of the paper is combining the notions of SI and the QH, and presenting the fourth helix as a community enabling rural development. We call this rural development model the community-driven QH model.

Human capital as a fundamental determinant of rural development

The Krasnoyarsk territory is a vast area. According to the Federal State Service of the Statistic the territory population density is 1.2 people per 1 square km. Thus it makes some special demands on the quality of human capital, and it is human capital which makes it possible to develop both the rural territory and the entire economy as a whole. The problem is that human capital has suffered a lack of attention for many years. Among the ways to overcome this situation we see a number of necessary measures aimed at increasing wages for agricultural workers, improving the demographic situation, diversifying the areas of employment, improving labor conditions, and improving the quality of life. In this study, we used a sociological research method by applying a questionnaire we had compiled for the survey of rural residents. Here the author defines the term “human capital of the rural population” in her own opinion and lines up a system of indicators characterizing the basic components of the human capital of the rural population, such as health capital, education capital, labor capital, cultural and behavioral capital, as well as intellectual one. To overcome the negative situation taking place in rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk territory, it is necessary to assess human capital on the previously mentioned 5 basic components, and on base of the results to propose a socially attractive model for rural development, which in its turn will attract additional human capital. The proposed measures make it possible to increase employment in rural areas by creating agricultural cooperatives, small businesses and farms, and expand the ways of use of maternity benefit in the development of rural households and small businesses, to reduce the income tax rate for individual entrepreneurs who are registered in rural areas, as well as to increase the standards for the total area for housing construction for young families, and to apply digital forms of cultural and information services to the rural population.

The role of agroforestry in swidden transitions: a case study in the context of customary land tenure in Central Lao PDR

Agroforestry has been promoted as a promising model of rural development in Lao PDR (Laos), where much upland land use is in transition. Relatively little is known about the contributions of agroforestry systems to Lao farmers’ livelihoods, how these systems compare to alternatives, or the extent to which they might contribute to the national policy objective of replacing swidden agriculture. The consequences of customary land tenure for such transitions in Laos are also poorly understood. We investigated independent adoption by farmers in a Central Lao village of an agroforestry system that combines ‘yang bong’ (Persea kurzii) trees on 7-year rotations with intercrops of rice and bananas. The returns to land from this agroforestry system were more financially rewarding for farming households than swidden cultivation, demonstrating that farmers can develop land use intensification pathways that replace swidden cultivation. However, case study farmers anticipated further expansion of banana monocrops rather of agroforestry systems. In addition, the adoption of the agroforestry system has fostered wealth differentiation in the case study village, reflecting both prior and emerging inequities in the customary land tenure system. Our results indicate that it is important to closely understand the institutional and livelihood contexts of agroforestry systems, to better appreciate their role and potential in supporting sustainable land use transitions. In this case study, the intersection of customary land use practices, national policy goals and land allocation policies, new market opportunities, and farmers’ dynamic livelihood strategies, both define and constrain the contribution of agroforestry to land use transitions.

ADAPTIVE HOMESTAY SEBAGAI BENTUK PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT UNTUK MELESTARIKAN DESA WISATA PENTINGSARI - YOGYAKARTA


 
 
 Title: Adaptive Homestay as a Form of Community Participation to Preserve Pentingsari Tourist Village, Yogyakarta
 The development of tourism in a tourist destination is linked to the development of economic sectors in the region or the country. The development of tourism is expected to bring benefits to the community. Yogyakarta as one of the tourist destinations has developed a range of alternatives that can be offered to travelers. Pentingsari tourist village is one of the mainstay tourism village in Yogyakarta. The village has been proven to run well and maintained its continuity since 2008. Preservation of the village was made possible through the participation of citizens to participate and engage in their village tourism activities. One that supports the success of ecotourism activities is homestay. In relation to the tourism industry, homestay can be described as two things: as a tourist attraction and as a tourist accommodation. Pentingsari village already has homestays which are village houses that already run well. This research seeks homestay relevance as a form of citizen participation in the rural tourism industry while maintaining the conservation of the environment. The methods used is participatory research action by field observation, in depth interviews and historical documents tracing. This is to determine how much the role of citizens to preserve the environment before and after becoming a tourist village. These results indicate a model of rural tourism development.
 
 

Substantiation of models for forecasting the regional social and economic rural development

The areas of application of mathematical and statistical methods for determining the prognostic model of rural development on the example of all Ukraine taking into account the economic, social and environmental component are explored in this article. Econometric modelling is the basis of the research methodology in this work. As a tool for analysis, a specific system of evaluation of selected indicators and their correlation and regression processing is applied. The results showed that the most influential factors for the level of development of rural territories of Ukraine are ten among the 60 indicators, grouped by the three components. They characterize the economic, social and environmental component and determine some impact on the functioning of the country's territorial system as a whole. The mathematical expression of the prognostic model of rural development is established using the regression analysis. A set of measures for regulation of rural development is developed on the basis of these results, which envisages the implementation of measures in the areas of software, normative and legal support. It is expected that this study will help public authorities make more effective decisions on addressing key issues of social and economic processes in rural areas of individual regions, Ukraine as a whole and other countries.

The Triple Logic and Choice Strategy of Rural Revitalization in the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Based on the Perspective of Historical Evolution

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has continuously improved and developed the rural system, deepened rural reform, and promoted the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This paper constructs an analytical framework of rural revitalization and explores the logical law behind it from the three aspects of theoretical evolution, historical evolution, and realistic development. Then, on the basis of summarizing the existing rural revitalization path model, in view of the lack of industrial, ecological, cultural, and other rural revitalization path development models, the paper explores the general principles of rural revitalization path selection and puts forward a realistic choice: First, the key breakthrough of rural revitalization will be achieved through the construction of a rural revitalization planning system, land system reform, and green development. Second, the connotation and extension of concepts, such as “small farmers”, “industry prosperity”, and “rural areas”, are objectively analyzed and evaluated, so as to promote rural revitalization and avoid the risks and challenges that it may face in practice.

The sustainable development of rural troupes under the rural vitalization strategy in China

In line with the rural vitalization strategy of China, the performing organizations are getting increasingly more attention from the government to flourish the traditional culture in rural China. Rural troupes have emerged as a new strength to promote the cultural prosperity. The research team, under support of support of the Public Culture Service Department, State Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of China, carried out surveys in three characteristic provinces including Hebei, Chonqing and Zhejiang. After analysing the questionnaires, the situation of rural troupes in these provinces is presented. The article discusses the problems and challenges these troupes encounter in their development and provides a model for continuous ambidexteous rural troupe development.

Brotes que no quieren marchitar. El movimiento de ferias y las políticas para la agricultura familiar en Argentina (2015-2018)

El desarrollo de las ferias de la agricultura familiar tiene continuidad y muestra una tendencia expansiva en América Latina. Este artículo se pregunta: ¿Cómo se dio el proceso de organización y disputa de las políticas públicas que resultó en la construcción de estas ferias en Santiago del Estero (noroeste argentino)? ¿Cuáles son sus fortalezas y sus debilidades en un contexto de reducción del apoyo por parte del Estado entre 2015-2018? Aunque algunas de las experiencias registradas puedan resultar pequeñas y aisladas, otras van ampliando sus dimensiones. Es decir, que emergen como brotes de un modelo de desarrollo rural en construcción que se resisten a marchitar. Las potencialidades de las ferias se expresan en aspectos que trascienden lo económicos: a la vez que promueven la diversificación y la generación de un ingreso alternativo, son una expresión de las luchas políticas cotidianas que actualmente caracterizan al campo.

MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF AGRICULTURE: A BRAZILIAN PERSPECTIVE/ Multifuncionalidade da agricultura: uma perspectiva brasileira/ Multifuncionalidad de la agricultura: una perspectiva brasileña

Earlier international studies on multifunctional agriculture question rural development and show a new direction to rural areas. This approach is conceptualised as a counter to larger industrial agriculture and integrates social, economic, environmental preservation, productive and cultural values to sustain farming communities among traditional farmers. Brazilian researchers have previously argued for a four-pillar model of rural development to be incorporated to the concept of multifunctional agriculture. This paper presents a framework to investigate this theoretical approach. It presents a Brazilian case study among the Quilombola community of Mandira-Brazil and how it fulfils the four-pillar model. Results show exemplary protection of their cultural and biophysical territory and recognition of their traditional ways by the State, the ability to sustain livelihoods over time, but keeping the youth engaged is a challenge. The case study reveals unique Brazilian lenses towards the approach.

Characterization success critical factors for the strengthening of rural enterprises: a literature review

Rural entrepreneurship corresponds to the creation of business in rural settings, with the purpose of generating value and wealth from small and medium non-formalized productive units to the formality of small, medium and large business. Therefore, rural entrepreneurship is considered one of the great strategies to reduce poverty in the world. For that reason, countries work on entrepreneurial initiatives to generate progress through their different economic activities. The above, highlights the importance of investigating the critical success factors that contribute to sustainability over time and generation of wealth of rural entrepreneurship, contributing to the local and regional development of nations. The purpose of this research is to characterize the critical factors of rural entrepreneurship identified following a literature review of empirical scientific articles related to this field of research in the last ten years framed in a proposed new rural entrepreneurship development model that draws on two existing theories of entrepreneurship: Paturel’s 3E model and Freire’s inverted triangle. The proposed model has four dimensions: the entrepreneur, the idea, the resources, and the environment. The results show equality and differences between factors but they can organize and characterized by the rural entrepreneurship development model.

КООПЕРАЦІЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ЧЕРКАСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ

The nominal increase of gross agricultural output does not ensure adequate socio-economic development of rural areas and improvement of rural populations’ life quality. There is important to create favorable conditions for comprehensive development of rural territories, formation of a highly efficient competitive agricultural sector at level of regions and country as a whole. It becomes important effective use of rural territories potential, in particular the development of cooperation as an effective tool for forming a competitive entrepreneurial environment. The purpose of the article is to substantiate place and role of cooperation in ensuring the revival and sustainable development of Cherkassy region rural areas. The article deals with the role of cooperatives in ensuring rural territories economic development at Cherkassy region, in particular agricultural service cooperatives. The quantitative characteristics of agricultural service cooperatives of Cherkassy region are presented, in particular: number of cooperatives and their participants, volume of services provided, size of unit fund, number of workplaces created. The peculiarities of cooperatives financial support at the region, in particular by costs of local budgets and grant financing, are investigated. The examples of financing involvement in agricultural cooperatives development at Cherkassy region are considered. Existing deficiencies have been identified and characterized. The peculiarities of farms and peasant households functioning at Cherkassy region as potential participants of cooperatives which produce one third of region agricultural production are investigated. There was investigated their logistical and personnel support level, employment trends in rural areas, level of employees’ education, level of agricultural land development, structure of agricultural production, technical support level of production process. Three-component model of rural territories economic development, key role in which the state belongs, was proposed. The main obstacles that hamper the cooperation development in rural areas of Cherkassy region are characterized. The advantages of merging small producers into agricultural service cooperatives are presented.