Albino Rat Model Research Articles

Evaluation of phytochemicals from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit extracts against nicotine-induced different physiological functions: An experimental study on albino rat model

Background: People are consuming nicotine in the form of cigars, pipes and, cigarettes etc. and they are suffering from lungs, liver, heart diseases, involving hidden killer for human health. The Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is an important medicinal plant of the Rubiaceae family, commonly known as Ach, Bartundi, Hurdi and Sarangi in Bengali. Traditionally it is used in various purposes of food and medicines.Aims and objectives: The present study was undertaken to highlight and find out the different phytochemicals from noni fruit extractand its role against nicotine-induced cardiac damage, mainly serum lipid profile and hematological changes and development of biobased anti-nicotinic agent is now become an active research goal.Materials and methods: Fruits of the selected plant was collected and prepared methanolic fruit extract. Fruit of M. citrifolia (Noni)contains several nutrients and phytochemicals. GC-MS analyzed the methanolic fruit extract of M. citrifolia to determine chemicalconstituents. The noni fruit extract was applied against the rat model’s nicotine-induced blood parameters.Results and discussion: Hematological and Biochemical alteration of cardiovascular experiments was done in albino rat. This studyrevealed that the fruits extract of M. citrifolia may be capable of reducing the cholesterol and hemoglobin levels significantly (p<0.05)in blood after nicotine treatment in rat models.Conclusion: So, we try to find out the role of active principles and phytochemicals from this plant to combat the nicotinic activity.Results show that Noni fruit methanolic extract may have some protective effects against nicotine and its action.

Acute and sub acute toxicity of Amirdha Gandhi Kukkil Vallathy an effective Siddha herbo mineral formulation used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in wistar albino rat model.

Amirdha Gandhi Kukkil Vallathy (AGKV) is a herbo mineral Siddha formulation which has Sulphur, Kukkil, Seendhil and Serankottai as major ingredients and it is indicated for 80 types of Vatham diseases. Uthiravatha suronitham is one among the vatham diseases and it's clinical symptoms are correlated with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since AGKV is a promising drug for RA, the safety of this drug has been validated by performing the acute and 28days repeated oral dose toxicity study following the OECD guidelines 423 and 407. The acute toxicity study has been performed byadministering orally with a single dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight in rat models and the animals were observed for 14 consecutive days. Gross pathology was observed and animals were sacrificed at the end of the study. In 28days repeated oral toxicity study, limit test has been carried out with a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight. No significant abnormality has been observed in the body weight, organ weight, biochemical parameters and histopathology studies. It has been revealed that this drug is safe upto 2000 mg/kg body weight in single dose study and 1,000 mg is a safer dose in the 28days repeated oral toxicity study. The results of acute and 28days repeated oral toxicity studies revealed no adverse effects in animals and hence this drug AGKV is safe and can be administered in human.

Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya leaves on hyper-cholesterolemic rats: The egg yolk induced model

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading killers in the world today, and hyperlipidemia is one of the main risk factors. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia is rising dramatically worldwide and is mostly felt in poorer nations. The majority of communities and individuals in Africa are known to turn to ethnomedicine for their medical requirements. The tropical plant Carica papaya, which is grown for its edible, ripe fruit in Africa, was used in folk medicine for treatment of cardiovascular issues as well as a number of serious illnesses. This study assessed the anticholesterolemic property of the ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya leaves, adapting the egg yolk-induced hyperlipidaemia model in Wistar albino rats. This study prepared egg yolk to induce hyperlipidaemia in the Wistar rats, then treated some groups with the extract of Carica papaya leaves, and other groups with the standard drug Fenofibrate. The Wistar rats in the control group were given 2% acacia instead of egg yolk. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as biological and haematological parameters, were determined. The Carica papaya leaves extracts significantly (p<0.05) decreased the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels at all doses administered, but the extract and the standard drug had no significant effect on HDL cholesterol. An inverse relationship between the Carica papaya leaves extract doses and the cholesterol levels was observed placing the efficacy in the order of 100 mg/kg > 250 mg/kg > Fenofibrate (2.29 mg/kg) > 500 mg/kg. With the potential efficacy of Carica papaya leaves extract in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and, as a result, cardiovascular diseases, more research on bioactive molecule isolation/characterisation for pharmaceutical use or incorporation into functional food products for CVD management is required.

Hydroxyapatite-chitosan composites derived from sea cucumbers and shrimp shells ameliorate femoral bone defects in an albino rat model.

A bone defect is defined as a critically sized autologous bone and a bone gap. Bone grafting is one of the most commonly used surgical methods to enhance bone regeneration in orthopedic procedures. A composite of collagen, hydroxyapatite (HA), and chitosan (Ch) is suitable as a bone matrix and stimulates ossification. This study aimed to evaluate the use of natural HA-Ch composites derived from sea cucumbers and shrimp shells and quantify the levels of cytokines, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), serum liver enzymes, calcium, phosphate, and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) in albino rats with femoral bone defects. A total of 48 albino rats with femoral bone defects were divided into 4 groups (n = 12 each): (C-) placebo, (C+) polyethylene glycol, (T1) HA, and (T2) HA-Ch groups. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 6 each), with euthanization on 7- and 42-day post-treatment, respectively. Procollagen Type 1 N-terminal propeptide and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate PMNs. A clinical chemistry analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of liver enzymes, calcium, and phosphate. There was a significant decrease in the level of IL-6 on 7 days and in the level of IL-10 on 42 days in the HA-Ch group. The level of PMNs also decreased significantly on 7 and 42 days in the HA-Ch group. Regarding serum liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the HA-Ch group increased significantly on 42 days. Calcium and phosphate levels increased significantly on 7 and 42 days in the HA and HA-Ch groups, and PINP levels increased significantly on 7 and 42 days in the HA-Ch group. The HA-Ch composite derived from sea cucumbers and shrimp shells ameliorated femoral bone defects in albino rats. The HA-Ch composite modulated the levels of IL-6, IL-10, PMNs, ALP, calcium, phosphate, and PINP on 7- and 42-day post-treatment.

Effect of Bromelain on Chronic Unpredictable Stress-induced Behavioral, Biochemical, and Monoamine Changes in Wistar Albino Rat Model of Depression.

Bromelain is a complex mixture of protease enzyme extract from the fruit or stem of the pineapple plant and it has a history of folk medicine use. It is known to have a wide range of biological actions and it is most commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent, though scientists have also discovered its potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent, it has been reported to have positive effects on the respiratory, digestive, circulatory systems and potentially on the immune system. This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant potential of Bromelain in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model of depression. We studied the antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective effect of Bromelain by analyzing the fear and anxiety behavior, antioxidants, and neurotransmitter levels, and also by analyzing the histopathological changes. Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups, Control; Bromelain; CUS; CUS + Bromelain, CUS + fluoxetine. Animals of the CUS group, CUS + Bromelain group, and CUS + Fluoxetine group were exposed to CUS for 30 days. Animals of the Bromelain group and CUS + Bromelain group were treated orally with 40mg/kg Bromelain throughout the period of CUS whereas, the positive control group was treated with fluoxetine. Results showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation), and the stress hormone cortisol, in Bromelain-treated CUS-induced depression. Bromelain treatment in CUS has also resulted in a significant increase in neurotransmitter levels, which indicates the efficacy of Bromelain to counteract the monamine neurotransmitter changes in depression by increasing their synthesis and reducing their metabolism. In addition, the antioxidant activity of Bromelain prevented oxidative stress in depressed rats. Also, hematoxylin and eosin staining of hippocampus sections has revealed that Bromelain treatment has protected the degeneration of nerve cells by chronic unpredictable stress exposure. This data provides evidence for the antidepressant-like action of Bromelain by preventing neurobehavioral, biochemical, and monoamine alterations.

Green-synthesized nanoparticles of the polyherbal extract attenuate the necrosis of pancreatic β-cell in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic model

Plant-based nanoformulation is one of the novel approaches for therapeutic benefits. This research synthesized a silver nanoparticle from the polyherbal combination of four plants/seeds (Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, and Ocimum sanctum) and investigated its antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin-induced Wistar albino rat model. The polyherbal extract (PH) was extracted by the Soxhlet-solvent extraction method and the resulting crude extract was undergone for silver nanoparticle synthesis. The PH extract was subjected to a four-week intervention in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced Wistar Albino rats’ models and in vitro antioxidative tests. Experimental animals (age: 6–7 weeks, male, body weight: 200–220 g), were divided into five groups including normal control (NC), reference control (RC), diabetic control (DC), and treatment groups PH200, PH100, and PHAgNP20. After three weeks of intervention, body weight, weekly blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, urea, and creatinine level of PH200 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) improved compared to the diabetic control. The same dose demonstrated better regeneration of damaged pancreatic and kidney tissues. In vitro antioxidant assay manifested promising IC50 values of 86.17 μg/mL for DPPH, 711.04 μg/mL for superoxide free radical, and 0.48 mg/mL for Iron chelating activity of the polyherbal extract. GC-MS analysis impacted the major volatile compounds of the PH. The data demonstrate that the PH and its nanoparticles could be a novel source of antidiabetic therapeutics through an advanced dose-response study in the type 2 diabetic model.

Comprehensive In Vivo and In Vitro Studies for Evaluating the Bone-Bonding Ability of Na2O–CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Ag2O Glasses for Fracture Healing Applications

In the present investigation, Na2O–CaO–SiO2–B2O3–Ag2O glasses were prepared using the traditional melt-quenching process, with Ag2O content progressively raised from 0 to 4 wt.%, at the expense of B2O3, in the chemical composition of these glasses. The created glasses’ physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics were measured. The bone bonding capacity of the as-prepared specimens was evaluated not only by in vitro studies with treatment in simulated body fluid but also by in vivo studies using the albino rat model at different time intervals up to 28 days. The obtained findings revealed that increasing the Ag2O content gradually improved the fracture toughness of the samples by approximately 3.94, 11.84, 27.63, 50%, but fortunately with slight decreases in the microhardness, i.e. 1.02, 2.73, 8.90 and 16.43% and other mechanical properties. All samples had electrical conductivities of 2.36, 2.65, 2.84, 3.59, and 4.23 × 10‒5 S/m when the frequency was 1 MHz, compared to 1.36, 1.58, 1.72, 2.10, and 2.42 × 10‒4 S/m for the same samples at 20 MHz. Furthermore, the addition of Ag2O had a favorable function in improving the bioactivity of the glass samples, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo data, and no cytotoxicity was seen. Based on these attractive findings, it is possible that the produced glass samples would be suitable for orthopedic applications at load-bearing-sites.Graphical

Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob. Standardized leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Type 2 diabetes has become one of the major health concerns of the 21st century, marked by hyperglycemia or glycosuria, and is associated with the development of several secondary health complications. Due to the fact that chemically synthesized drugs lead to several inevitable side effects, new antidiabetic medications from plants have gained substantial attention. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic capacity of the Ageratina adenophora hydroalcoholic (AAHY) extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. The rats were segregated randomly into five groups with six rats each. Group I was normal control, and the other four groups were STZ-NA-induced. Group II was designated diabetic control, and group III, IV, and V received metformin (150mg/kg b.w.) and AAHY extract (200 and 400mg/kg b.w.) for 28days. Fasting blood glucose, serum biochemicals, liver and kidney antioxidant parameters, and pancreatic histopathology were observed after the experimental design. The study concludes that the AAHY extract has a significant blood glucose lowering capacity on normoglycemic (87.01 ± 0.54 to 57.21 ± 0.31), diabetic (324 ± 2.94 to 93 ± 2.04), and oral glucose-loaded (117.75 ± 3.35 to 92.75 ± 2.09) Wistar albino rats. The in vitro studies show that the AAHY extract has α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities which can restore the altered blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, and serum enzymes such as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total protein, urea, and creatinine levels close to the normal range in the treated STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats. The evaluation of these serum biochemicals is crucial for monitoring the diabetic condition. The AAHY extract has significantly enhanced tissue antioxidant parameters, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation, close to normal levels. The presence of high-quantity chlorogenic (6.47% w/w) and caffeic (3.28% w/w) acids as some of the major phytoconstituents may contribute to the improvement of insulin resistance and oxidative stress. The study provides scientific support for the utilization of A. adenophora to treat type 2 diabetes in the STZ-NA-induced diabetic rat model. Although the preventive role of the AAHY extract in treating Wistar albino rat models against type 2 diabetes mellitus is undeniable, further elaborative research is required for efficacy and safety assessment in human beings.

The Potency of Goat Milk in Reducing the Induced Neurotoxic Effects of Valproic Acid in Rat Pups as a Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a progressively prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with substantial clinical heterogeneity. Despite the considerable interest in dietary interventions, no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal nutritional therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the possible positive effect of goat's milk (GM) compared to cow's milk (CM) on ASD autistic features in a valproic acid (VPA; 600 mg/kg)-induced white albino rat model of autism. All tests were conducted on rats that were divided into four groups (n = 15/group): control with goat milk (GM) treatment, control with cow milk (CM) treatment, autistic with goat milk (GM) treatment, and autistic with cow milk treatment. The casein levels were also measured in GM and CM. Social behavior was assessed by three-chambered sociability to test social interaction after the intervention. After 15 days of intervention, selected biomarkers, such as glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and glutamate (GLU), were measured in blood serum and brain homogenates. The results showed a significant positive effect on social interaction in the VPA rat ASD model fed GM. Blood serum and brain samples showed a positive increase in TBARS in the VPA rat model fed GM, but brain and serum serotonin levels were lower in both VPA-GM and VPA-CM groups. Dopamine in serum was also lower in the VPA-CM group than in the VPA-GM group. IL-6 levels were slightly lower in the VPA-GM group than in the VPA-CM group. In comparison with cow's milk, goat's milk was effective in ameliorating the neurotoxic effects of VPA. Goat's milk may be considered a suitable source of dairy for children diagnosed with ASD. Autistic children with allergies to cow's milk could possibly convert to goat's milk. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies and clinical trials are recommended.

Cell-Free Therapy as A New Treatment Strategy in An Albino Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia [Histological Studies

The therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy in many diseased organs based greatly on their paracrine effect. The neural stem cells are thought to have a role in improving the neurological functional, recovery, and reduction of cerebral infarction caused by cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion [I/R] injury in rats.

Possible Therapeutic Effect of Gene Modified Versus Non-Modified Stem Cells on Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer’s Female Albino Rat Model Complicating Experimentally Induced Diabetes Type I

Possible Therapeutic Effect of Gene Modified Versus Non-Modified Stem Cells on Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer’s Female Albino Rat Model Complicating Experimentally Induced Diabetes Type I

Adjuvant antihypertensive effect of a novel Ayurvedic herbal formulation in fructose-induced albino rat model

Adjuvant antihypertensive effect of a novel Ayurvedic herbal formulation in fructose-induced albino rat model

In vitro and in vivo characterization of BIO203, a new amide norbixin conjugate with improved pharmacokinetic profile. Potential for oral treatment of age‐related retinal degeneration

AbstractPurpose: We have previously shown that 9′‐cis‐norbixin (norbixin) protects retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells against phototoxicity induced by blue light and N‐retinylidene‐N‐retinylethanolamine (A2E) in vitro and preserves visual function in animal models of dry Age‐related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the mode of action and the in vitro and in vivo effects of CN30, a norbixin monoamide conjugate.Methods: Ocular pharmacokinetics in rats administered orally with 50 mg/kg of norbixin, or its conjugate (CN30) were compared. Their effect on photoprotection of primary porcine RPE cells challenged with A2E and blue‐light illumination was quantified. The effects of CN30 on the A2E‐induced transactivation of PPARs, AP‐1 and NF‐κB were measured by reporter gene luciferase activity. The expression of IL‐6, IL‐8, and VEGF was measured by RT‐QPCR. The in vivo neuroprotective effect of intraperitoneally administered CN30 was evaluated by measuring retinal thickness and electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes in a blue‐light damage (BLD) acute model in albino rats. CN30 efficacy was also assessed by ERG after 6 months oral supplementation in Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− mice.Results: Compared to norbixin, CN30 displays improved stability and enhanced ocular maximal concentration and exposure (AUC). Similar to our previous observation with norbixin, CN30 mode of action involves the inhibition of PPARs, NF‐κB and AP‐1 transactivation. CN30 reduces IL‐6, IL‐8 and VEGF expression induced by A2E in vitro. In vivo, CN30 protects visual function and retinal structure in albino rats subjected to BLD in an acute model of retinal degeneration. Moreover, 6 months oral supplementation also improve visual function in a model of dry AMD: the Abca4−/− Rdh8−/− double knock‐out mice.Conclusions: CN30 retains the protective properties of norbixin in vitro and in vivo, and displays improved stability and pharmacokinetic properties. This could open new avenues for the oral treatment of retinal degenerative diseases such as dry AMD.

Hepatoprotective potential of isolated flavonoids from Trapa natans L. against the paracetamol induced oxidative stress in rats

Overdose of paracetamol causes liver toxicity, due to oxidative stress by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increases the levels of ALT and AST, and reduces the level of the antioxidant enzymes. Flavonoids are a source of natural antioxidants that assist in neutralization of ROS. Several studies have suggested that flavonoids can help protect the liver. The Water Chestnut, Trapa natans L. plants have long been used in the traditional system of medicine and possess considerable antioxidant potential. In this study, we tried to isolate flavonoids from T. natans L. and evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of the isolated compound. We isolated flavonoids from the extract of the aerial part of plant and characterized by UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The isolated flavonoid was induced orally once a day (30 mg/kg). The test drug (isolated compound) could lower the elevated levels of serum enzymes such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. Silymarin (30 mg/kg) was taken as a standard drug that exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity model in Wistar albino rats. The histopathological study of rat liver also strengthens biochemical evaluation analysis. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the isolated flavonoids act as hepatoprotective agents in rats.

Hepatoprotective effect of a polyherbal formulation (Aab-e-Murawaqain) against CCl4 induced liver toxicity in Wistar albino rat model by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines

This study assessed the hepatoprotective action of Aab-e-Murawaqain in Wistar albino rats by inducing liver injury with carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 ) (2 mL/kg; sc). Aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum (Makoy) and Cichorium intybus (Kashni) were used to prepare the Aab-e-Murawaqain polyherbal formulation. Silymarin (25 mg/kg), a well-known liver protective medicine, was treated as the reference control group. Biochemical indicators, such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin, were used to assess the curative potential. Other common biomarkers, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT), were also estimated. Animals treated with CCl 4 exhibited significantly enhanced in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, and TBARS level, reflecting hepatic damage. The formulation considerably minimised the increase serum enzyme levels, indicating the improvement in liver cellular injury. CCl 4 induced significant decrease in GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. Pretreatment of the rats with the formulation led to an increase in hepatic GSH, SOD, CAT, protein, and albumin levels. Moreover, CCl 4 administration led to an increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, which decreased with polyherbal formulation treatment. The results were validated through histological evolutions, which revealed minimum fatty variations and a noticeable regenerative effect in the livers after treatment with the formulation. The results confirmed that Aab-e-Murawaqain can provide a substantial activity in the management of CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity.

English

Acacia nilotica (Linn) is an important medicinal plant, found in Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent as well as in Sokoto State, Nigeria. It has been utilized to treat wounds and intestinal disorders among other uses. It has been estimated that nearly 6 million people suffer from chronic wounds worldwide. Even though several conventional drugs are known to increase healing in different kinds of injuries, most are complicated, expensive, and limited in activity. Hence, in this study the stem back crude methanolic extract of A. nilotica was evaluated for wound healing activity using the wound excision model. The plant&#39;s stem bark was extracted by maceration using distilled water and methanol to obtain a crude methanol extract (CME). The CME was screened phytochemically and prepared into ointment before subjecting to wound healing assay using the excision wound model in Wister albino rats. The results showed the presence of rich phenolic phytoconstituents, especially of tannins and saponins which were attributed to aid wound healing based on literature. Consequently, the wound healing activity of 10% CME was comparable significantly (P&lt;0.05), to that of povidone-iodine (5% w/w), while that of 2.5 and 5% were less. The study demonstrated that topical application of CME hastens wound healing and thus provided proof of its folklore use for wound healing. Key words: Contraction, epithelisation, extract, phytoconstituents, povidone iodine, wound.

Impact of Biscuit Fortified with Iron Nanoparticles as Food Supplement on Anemia in Albino Rat Model

Impact of Biscuit Fortified with Iron Nanoparticles as Food Supplement on Anemia in Albino Rat Model

Betanin ameliorates fipronil-induced nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway in albino rat model.

Fipronil (FPN) is phenylpyrazole insecticide extensively used to control a wide variety of pests. Betanin (BET) is a natural colorant with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of BET on FPN induced nephrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Forty rats were assigned into 4 equal groups; Group I (Control); Group II (BET) received 20mg/kg b.wt/day; Group III (FPN) received 4.8mg/kg b.wt/day; and Group IV (BET/FPN). All treatments were given orally for 90days. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum urea and creatinine. Kidneys were harvested for determination of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) level; gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1); oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCC), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical investigation of Nrf2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and caspase-3 were also undertaken. The results revealed kidney dysfunction, downregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 genes, redox imbalance, structural damage, decreased Nrf2 and increased NF-κB immune-expression, in addition to strong caspase-3 immunoreactivity in FPN-treated group. In the combined group, BET co-administration resulted in functional and structural amelioration, up-regulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 genes, mitigation of redox imbalance, and strong anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. In conclusion, BET via activation of Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, exhibits beneficial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects against FPN-induced nephrotoxicity.

The effect of dietary sesame oil and ginger oil as antioxidants in the adult rat dorsal root ganglia after peripheral nerve crush injury

Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary sesame oil and ginger oil supplements on the dorsal root ganglia following a sciatic nerve crush model in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods Crush injury models have been done by means of graded forceps (50 Newton). The animals were given a daily sesame oil (4 ml/kg/day) and ginger oil (400 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for a period of 28 days. Dorsal root ganglia from the L5 levels were harvested. Processing of tissues was done for electron microscopy and light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining with active caspase-3 antibody and qualitative ultrastructural analyses of tissues were made by a light and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. Results The results showed that crush injury leads to remarkable ultrastructural changes in sensory neurons, such as swollen mitochondria, disruption of cristae structure, glial cell proliferation and, consequently, phagocytosis of the damaged neuron. These ultrastructural changes were less evident in the treated groups, and both natural compounds reduced the expression of activated caspase-3, which may also affect ultrastructural changes. Conclusion The application of the natural products sesame oil and ginger oil may represent a supportive approach to the protection of sensory neurons against the destructive effects of peripheral nerve crush injury.

The Effect of SERCA2 Transfected Stem Cells on Induced Wound in Type1 Diabetes of Male Albino Rat Model Compared to Stem Cells.......

The Effect of SERCA2 Transfected Stem Cells on Induced Wound in Type1 Diabetes of Male Albino Rat Model Compared to Stem Cells.......