Albino Rat Model Research Articles

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Premna spinosa bark in experimental animal models.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential of stem bark extract of Premna spinosa (Lamiaceae), by using streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic and triton-induced hyperlipidemic models in albino rats. The blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined in STZ-NA-induced diabetic and triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats, as per the respective protocols. It was found that there is the dose dependent and significant reduction in foregoing parameters on the administration of extract from Premna spinosa stem bark at the doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight to diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats. From these observed results it may be inferred that the stem bark of Premna spinosa possesses remarkable antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties.

Development of cucurbocitrin based nutraceutical formulation: A potential adjuvant herbal therapy in the management of hypertension

Nearly half of the hypertensive patients fail to manage their blood pressure despite pharmacological interventions, which reflects the dire need for adjuvant anti-hypertensive therapies. Nutraceutical formulations are attractive in this regard owing to their efficacy, ease of availability, and moderate pricing. The current investigation involves the formulation of cucurbocitrin nutraceutical tablets by direct compression method and evaluated for its anti-hypertensive effect in the management of hypertension. Cucurbocitrin is a natural compound prepared from Citrullus lanatus seeds belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae. The powder blend was examined for pre-compression studies such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner's ratio, etc. Based on acute-oral toxicity results, two tablet formulations were prepared using a different dose of cucurbocitrin and evaluated for post-compression parameters such as friability, hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, and in vitro drug release studies. In vivo studies were also performed for both formulations using a 10% Glucose solution-induced hypertension model in albino rats to observe its anti-hypertensive activity. The study indicated that nutraceutical formulation was found to be effective in reducing hypertension in an animal model.

Turmeric Extracts as a Protective Natural Compound Against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Lead Nitrate in Male Albino Rat Model

Turmeric Extracts as a Protective Natural Compound Against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Lead Nitrate in Male Albino Rat Model

Secondary Metabolite Profiling, Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Activity of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth.

The present study aimed to analyze the phytoconstituents of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of ethanol (EE), chloroform (CE) and dichloromethane (DCME) of stem extracts were evaluated using in vivo experimental models. The extracts were analyzed for phytoconstituents using GC-HRMS. Anti-inflammatory activity of CE, EE and DCME was accessed using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and the carrageenan-induced air-pouch model in Wistar albino rats. The hepatotoxicity-induced animal models were investigated for the biochemical markers in serum (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total lipids and total protein) and liver (total protein, total lipids, GSH and wet liver weight). In the in vivo study, animals were divided into different groups (six in each group) for accessing the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, respectively. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 102 compounds, among which 24 were active secondary metabolites. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of stem extracts was found in the order: indomethacin > chloroform extract (CE) > dichloromethane extract (DCME) > ethanolic extract (EE), and hepatoprotective activity of stem extracts in the order: CE > silymarin > EE > DCME. The results indicate that N. triquetra stem has a higher hepatoprotective effect than silymarin, however the anti-inflammatory response was in accordance with or lower than indomethacin.

Topical application of metformin accelerates cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetic chronic wound, which is one of the diabetic complications caused by hyperglycemia, characterized by prolonged inflammation has become one of the most serious challenges in the clinic. Hyperglycemia during diabetes not only causes prolonged inflammation and delayed wound healing but also modulates the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Although metformin is the oldest oral antihyperglycemic drug commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes, few studies have explored the molecular mechanism of its topical effect on wound healing. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the molecular effects of topical metformin application on delayed wound healing, which's common in diabetes. In this context, we created a full-thickness excisional wound model in Wistar albino rats and, investigated NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity and expression levels of RELA (p65), MMP2 and MMP9 in wound samples taken on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 from diabetic/non-diabetic rats treated with metformin and saline. As a result of our study, we showed that topically applied metformin accelerates wound healing by suppressing NF-κB p65 activity and diminishing the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Diabetic wounds treated with metformin healed even faster than those in the control group that mimicked standard wound healing.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam Against Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats - An in-Vivo Study

Objective: To evaluate the liver protective effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam (PLD) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rat models.
 Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of PLD was evaluated using paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Paracetamol 1gm/kg bw, p.o. was given to produce liver toxicity. The normal control was given the vehicle (water 1ml/kg bw, p.o). Two test groups with PLD 1ml/kg, 2ml/kg bw, p.o. were tested for hepatoprotective potential. Silymarin 50mg/kg bw, p.o. was given as standard drug. All these drugs were administered for 7 days. On 8th day, the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus and analyzed for serum enzymes like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Alanine Phosphate (ALP), Total Bilirubin, Total Proteins and liver was excised for histopathological analysis.
 Results: In toxicant control group, paracetamol produced liver toxicity due to decrease in glutathione (GSH) by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of hepatic cells. It resulted in an increase of serum liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. This increased serum liver enzymes were reduced significantly in the test drug PLD treated groups and Standard group. The histology of liver tissues was also improved in PLD treated groups when compared to the toxicant group.
 Conclusion: Since, no scientific evidence is available to claim the hepatoprotective effect of PLD, in vivo studies were conducted. It demonstrated that it has a potent hepatoprotective effect against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by suppression of the reactive oxygen species and increasing the anti-oxidant glutathione in liver cells.

AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WHOLE PLANT OF HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS (L.) POIT: AN ANTI-ULCER AGENT

The aim of current experimental study was to determine anti-ulcer potential of Watery extricate of Hyptis suaveolens entire plant (AEHS) on the Wister strain albino rats. The Watery extricate of Hyptis suaveolens entire plant (in two different doses, 250mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) was allowed for anti-ulcer activity against Pylorus ligation induced model in Wistar albino rats. Omeprazole (20mg/kg) was used as standard for the evaluation of activity. Parameters like Proportion of Ulcer protection was reckoned based on Ulcer index and Digestive juice volume, pH and acidity of gastric juice, Mucus production and Pepsin estimation, tensile strength. The AEHS with 500 mg/kg dose was shown significant anti-ulcer activity when compared with the control group.

A Histological study on the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Hair Growth in Male Albino Rat Model of Androgenic Alopecia

Abstract Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the commonest cause of hair loss in men with limited treatment options. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is defined as an autologous concentration of plasma with a greater count of platelets than that of whole blood. Its action depends on the released growth factors from platelets. It has been investigated and used in numerous fields of medicine. Recently, PRP has received growing attention as a potential therapeutic tool for hair loss. Aim of the work This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of PRP therapy on experimentally induced AGA in male albino rats. Materials and Methods Eighteen rats were divided into 3 groups - Group I (the control group), Group II (testosterone group): rats were injected 0.1 ml testosterone daily in the shaved area of the dorsum , Group III (PRP group): rats were injected 0.1 ml of testosterone daily+ 0.1 ml of PRP every 3 days in the shaved area of their dorsum. After 21 days from the start of the experiment, skin samples were collected from the site of injection and prepared for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemical examination by anti Ki 67. Morphometrical and statistical analysis were performed. Results Testosterone group when compared to the control group showed a significant decrease in the mean epidermal thickness, decreased mean number of anagen hair follicles, increase in the mean number of telogen hair follicles and decreased anagen/telogen ratio, all were statistically significant (P < 0.05). PRP group showed significant increase in the mean number of anagen hair follicles (p < 0.05), and a decrease in the mean number of telogen hair follicles (p < 0.05). This resulted in an increase in anagen/telogen ratio. There was also a significant increase in the mean epidermal thickness in the PRP group as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical examination of anti Ki 67 stained sections showed significant decrease of the mean number of Ki 67 positive basal epidermal cells (P < 0.05) in the testosterone group compared to control group, and an increase in the mean number of Ki 67 positive basal epidermal cells in the PRP group (p < 0.05) as compared to the control group and the testosterone group. Conclusion Our data suggest that PRP injections may have a positive therapeutic effect on experimentally induced androgenic alopecia in adult male albino rats.

Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Effects of Azadrachita indica Leaves Extracts on Eschericha coli Infected Diabetic Wounds using Albino Rat Model

The wound healing and antimicrobial effects of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts were evaluated on Eschericha coli infected diabetic wounds using albino rat model. The study was a cross-sectional work done between January and June, 2020. Eschericha coli was isolated and identified from 50 infected diabetic patients using Eosin methylene blue and standard biochemical tests. The crude extracts of A. indica were gotten using ethanol and water by soxhlet method. The phytochemical such as saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoid and alkaloids were determined quantitatively and qualitatively using standard method. In vitro antimicrobial effect of extracts and their combination were evaluated. The wound healing effects of the extracts were done using six weeks old albino rat model. Out of 50 swab samples of infected diabetic wounds, 30 isolates were obtained which E. coli was 20% of the bacterial isolates from the infected wound. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of saponin, flavonoids, steroid, alkaloids, tannins and phenol. Among the leaf extracts analysed, A. indica ethanol extract has the highest inhibition zone against E. coli (10.67±1.15 mm) at 500 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml concentration. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 250 mg/ml while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was 1000mg/ml. Diabetic and healthy groups of albino rats were treated after 1 week of infection. Comparing the negative control rats witsh those treated with daily topical application of the leaf extracts, showed significant reduction in wound size and rapid healing (P = 0.05). Comparing with positive control, the leaf extracts have almost the same healing effect with the positive control (povidone iodine). The leaf extracts of A. indica possess antimicrobial properties for E. coli especially the ethanol extract which heals faster than aqueous extract and can be used as an alternative for healing infected non diabetic and chronic diabetic wounds.

In vivo wound-healing and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Roylea elegans leaves against physically induced burn model in Wistar albino rats.

Roylea elegans Wall. ex Benth. is a lemon-scented hoary shrub belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Traditionally, a local tribe of the Himalayan region uses leaves for scabs and skin infections. The aerial parts and leaves are widely used to cure various skin ailments. The plant is well known for two furanoid diterpenes, royeleganin and royelegafuran. The aqueous extract of Roylea elegans (AERE) leaves was investigated for wound-healing effects in rats using a physically induced burn model by assessing different parameters. Animals were divided into four groups (six rats in each group). Group I animals were considered as disease control and topically given base cream. Group II was considered as standard control and treated topically with Framycetin sulphate cream (1% w/w). Group III and IV animals were treated topically with creams containing 5 or 10% of AERE, respectively. Several parameters such as wound contraction rate, epithelialization period, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers along with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were studied followed by histopathological studies. The animals treated with AERE cream exhibited significant declination in the wound area and increased collagen content as compared to the disease control group. The results showed that the lower dose (5%) of AERE produced a significant decrease in the epithelialization period, wound contraction rate, and collagen content. Increased levels of cytokine production may be one of the mechanisms in accelerating the wound-healing process. The study established the traditional claim as an antioxidant and wound-healing potential of Roylea elegans by promoting the accelerated wound-healing activity against the physically induced burn model.

Bioprotective and Functional Effect of Carnosine on Sepsis Induced Renal Damage in Male Albino Rat Model through Targeting IL-1β and TNF-α Production.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), one of the frequently diagnosed and serious sepsis induced complication has high morbidity and mortality. The present study investigated the bioprotective and functional effect of carnosine on AKI induced pathological damage in Male Albino rat model in vivo. AKI in Albino rats was induced by cecal ligation and puncture surgery where as TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected using ELISA assay. Protein expression was examined by western blotting and pathological damage using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Treatment with carnosine suppressed AKI induced urea nitrogen and creatinine in Male Albino rat serum in dose-dependent manner. Development of sepsis mediated renal injury in Albino rats was also effectively prevented on treatment with carnosine. Secretion of AKI-induced IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in renal tissues was alleviated significantly in Albino rats by carnosine treatment. Additionally, in carnosine-treated Albino rats renal tissues AKI induced Bax expression was alleviated while as Bcl-2 was promoted compared to AKI Albino rats. Carnosine treatment improved the survival rate of the Albino rats with AKI. Carnosine inhibits renal tissue damage and increases survival rate in AKI Albino rat model. The mechanism involves alleviation of inflammatory cytokine secretion and promotion of Bcl-2 expression. Thus, carnosine may be used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of AKI.

Effects of Datura Metel Leaves Extract on Blood Parameters and Lipid Profile Using Albino Rats as Model

Datura metel is commonly found locally and it is readily available to the people, consequently, it is abused and deliberately used as poison. The aim of this study is to ascertain the effect of Datural metel through blood parameters and lipid profile when consumed through food intake using albino rat model. The leaves were extracted with ethanol and the phytochemical parameters determined. Different concentration of the extract were mixed with rat food and the food were fed to albino rats placed in four groups of five. The blood and lipid profile of rats were picked from each group determined at the end of week 1,2 and 3. Rats from each group was sacrificed and the blood was collected through cardiac puncture which was later analyzed for blood parameters and lipid profile. The results obtained from the first set of rats did not show any significant effect on the blood parameters and lipid profile, but the results obtained from subsequent sacrificed rats showed gradual increase in the values of the rate of haemoglobin (HB) 6.7 – 10G/DL, Red blood cells (RBC) 3.82 – 4.43 x 106µl and mean cell volume (MCV) 52.36 – 69.98FL. The results obtained for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) are irregular. There is gradual decrease in the results obtained for low density lipoproteins (LDL) 27.2 – 20.2 mg/dl and cholesterol 79 -71 mg/dl. This study suggests that the concentration of ethanolic extracts of Datura metel leaves have different active components that have diverse revamping effects on the blood parameters and lipid profile based on concentration of the extracts and duration of intake of the extract. This invariably portray that presence of Datura metel in food can enhance the quality of the food in the body and also maintain good cardiovascular wellbeing based on its concentration and timeline of consumption.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and acute toxicity evaluation of Litchi chinensis seed extract in albino rat

Litchi chinensis is a edible fruits of soapberry family commonly known as lychee; is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation, headache, and body pain. The present study investigated the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity of the ethanolic crude extract of Litchi chinensis to support its traditional use in its folk medicine and to screen the phytochemical constituents. 70% ethanolic extract of seeds of Litchi chinensis (LCSE) was prepared and preliminary phytochemical screening was performed. Acute toxicity of LCSE was carried out based on OECD guidelines 423. In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the extract was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and hot plate methods in Wistar albino rat's model. Results revealed that LCSE contains phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and alkaloids. LD50 values were found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg body weight; no any sign of toxicity, behavior changes, moribund, and mortality were observed in LCSE treated animals. Oral administration of LCSE at the dose of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg produced a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and hot plate. These results suggest that LCSE is non-toxic, and shows potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities over Wistar albino rats. These finding demonstrate that lychee seed extract acts as a good therapeutic candidate for the safe anti-inflammatory agents.

The Competitive Absorption by the Gut Microbiome Suggests the First-Order Absorption Kinetics of Caffeine.

In the literature archive, the intestinal microbiome is now considered as a discrete organ system. Despite living symbiotically with the human body, the gut microbiome is represented as potential drug targets because of its ability to modify the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs. Structural biology analysis indicates the existence of homology between transport proteins of microbial cells and membranes of enterocytes. It is speculated that structural similarity in the protein transporters may provoke an unwanted phenomenon of drug uptake by the gut microbiome present in the small intestine of the host. Considering this hypothesis, we analyzed the absorbance of orally administered caffeine by the gut microbiota in in vivo albino rat model through the RP-HPLC-UV approach. Microbiome absorbed the caffeine maximally at 2 hours and minimally at 5 hours post-drug administration following first-order absorption kinetics in a nonlinear way. Drug absorbance of microbial pellet and percent dose recovery was found significantly higher (P ≤ .05) at 2 hours post-administration as compared to all other groups. As speculated, our findings advocated the phenomenon that the gut microbiome influences the absorption of caffeine molecules. Members of the gut microbiome exhibited grouped behavior following first-order absorption kinetics in a nonlinear pattern.

Histopathological and Biochemical Assessment of Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Valproate and Lutein on the Pilocarpine Albino Rat Model of Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological disorders characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Oxidative stress is believed to directly participate in the pathways of neurodegenerations leading to epilepsy. Approximately, one-third of the epileptic patients who suffer from seizures do not receive effective medical treatment. Sodium valproate (SVP) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug (AED); however, it has toxic effects. Lutein (L), a carotenoid, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of sodium valproate (SVP) and lutein (L) in a rat model of pilocarpine- (PLC-) induced epilepsy. To achieve this aim, fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups. Group I: control, group II: received PLC (400 mg/kg intraperitoneally), group III: received PLC + SVP (500 mg/kg orally), group IV: received PLC + SVP + L (100 mg/kg orally), and group V: received (PLC + L). Racine Scale (RC) and latency period to onset seizure were calculated. After eight weeks, the hippocampus rotarod performance and histological investigations were performed. Oxidative stress was investigated in hippocampal homogenates. Results revealed that SVP and L, given alone or in combination, reduced the RC significantly, a significant delay in latency to PLC-kindling onset, and improved rotarod performance of rats compared with the PLC group. Moreover, L was associated with a reduction of oxidative stress in hippocampal homogenate, a significant decrease in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, and inhibition of cerebral injury and displayed antiepileptic properties in the PLC-induced epileptic rat model. Data obtained from the current research elucidated the prominent neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of lutein in this model. In conclusion, lutein cotreatment with AEDs is likely to be a promising strategy to improve treatment efficacy in patients suffering from epilepsy.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lupeol isolated from Indian traditional medicinal plant Crateva adansonii screened through in vivo and in silico approaches

BackgroundLupeol, a triterpene bioactive compound isolated from Indian traditional plant Crateva adansonii acted as promising and alternative anti-inflammatory agent to treatments of diseases related to inflammation. The inflammatory process in the body serves an important function in the control and repair of injury. However, it is self-perpetuating in number of disease conditions, which must be prevented and treated. Worldwide most prescribing NASID drug shows severe side effects. Whereas drug from natural origin shows dual inhibition of inflammatory and analgesic target protein with more efficacy and less side effects than NSAID drugs. Our study aims to isolate and screen the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from leaf extract of Crateva adansonii belongs to Capparaceae family commonly used Indian traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases. ResultsMethanol and chloroform leaf extracts (ME and CE) and lupeol fraction (LF) of plant Crateva adansonii is investigated through employing in vivo male Wistar albino rat model. Acute toxicity study of C. adansonii ME and CE leaf extracts reveals that no mortality and no behavioral changes in experimental animals up to 2 g/kg. So no lethal dose we consider two optimal doses 200 and 400 mg of plant leaf extracts for in vivo inflammatory and analgesic study. In vivo acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activity was carried out through carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. LF (100 mg/kg, oral route) of Crateva adansonii evoked highest percentage of inflammation inhibition (50 and 33.96% respectively) in both in vivo acute and chronic inflammation model among all tested samples (ME and CE 200 mg and 400 mg/kg, oral route) including reference standard (10 mg/kg, oral route) indomethacin. Carrageenan-challenged experimental animals were screened for one inflammatory marker enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory products such as Prostaglandrin E2 (PGE2), and eight different cytokines markers (TNFα, IL-6, IFN γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, Rantes, and MIP) associated with inflammation reveals that LF (100 mg/kg, oral route) of Crateva adansonii shows prominent anti-inflammatory activity than reference standard indomethacin (10 mg/kg, oral route) over all these biological tested parameters. In vivo analgesic assays such as hot plate assay and acetic acid-induced writhing assay revealed that LF (100 mg/kg, oral route) possesses significant analgesic activity (11.60 s and 69.05%) when compared with standard drug pentazocine(10 mg/kg, oral route). Finally, we made an in silico screening of lupeol against analgesic (nAChR) and anti-inflammatory (COX-2) target proteins reveals that lupeol possess highest binding affinity with nAChR and COX-2 target proteins (− 8.5 and − 9.0 Kcal/mol) over the reference standard pentazocine and indomethacin (− 7.0 and − 8.4 Kcal/mol) respectively. ConclusionThe present study result provides a pharmacological evidences for analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of lupeol isolated from Indian traditional plant Crateva adansonii act as a multi-target agent with immense anti-inflammatory potential targeting key molecules of inflammation such as MPO, PGE2, and eight pro-inflammatory cytokine markers. Outcome of present study is to find promising anti-inflammatory bioactive agents from the cheapest Indian traditional medicinal plant sources useful for pharmaceutical industries.

Fabrication of In Situ Layered Hydrogel Scaffold for the Co-delivery of PGDF-BB/Chlorhexidine to Regulate Proinflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors, and MMP-9 in a Diabetic Skin Defect Albino Rat Model.

Diabetes mellitus (DM)-associated impairments in wound healing include prolonged inflammation, the overexpression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), and low levels of growth factors at the wound site. To this end, a layer-by-layer scaffold (SL-B-L) made of cross-linked silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid is developed to deliver chlorhexidine, an antimicrobial agent and an MMP-9 inhibitor, along with the PDGF-BB protein. SL-B-L exhibited highly porous morphology. Diabetic rats treated with SL-B-L demonstrated an early wound closure, a fully reconstructed epithelial layer by 14 days, and reduced levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and MMP-9. Interestingly, SL-B-L treatment increased angiogenesis, the bioavailability of collagen, DNA content, and VEGF-A levels. Furthermore, enhanced keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction along with ordered collagen deposition was observed in SL-B-L-treated rats. Most interestingly, when compared with a clinically used scaffold SEESKIN+, SL-B-L outperformed in promoting wound healing in a diabetic rat model by regulating the inflammation while delivering growth factor and the MMP-9 inhibitor.

Ameliorative effect of Albizzia procera leaves extract against experimentally induced gastric ulcer models in Wistar albino rats

Albizzia procera belongs to family Fabaceae and has several phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, saponins etc. The plant is commonly used in traditional medicines. The objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative effect of A. procera leaves extract against an experimentally induced gastric ulcer in albino rats. The antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties of an ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves was evaluated. When given in a 200 mg/kg oral (per. os) dose, the extract produced 74% and 85% protection index in ethanol-induced ulcer model and pylorus ligation model, respectively. Additionally, the extract also prohibited the formation of haemorrhage and edema, significantly lessened catalase activity (p<0.0001) and the lipid peroxidation level (p<0.0001) in the glandular tissue of Wistar albino rats. Furthermore, the extract also significantly diminished the total acidity(p<0.0001) of the gastric fluid by increasing its pH (p<0.0001). The occupancy of different phytoconstituents in the extract, such as flavonoids and tannins were identified that may be responsible for its gastro-protective activity. All these results provide a basis explaining the antiulcer ability of A. procera being useful in the management of gastric ulcers.

Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats: Ameliorated by Otostegia fruticosa.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes irritation, inflammation, and ulceration in the linings of the colon and rectum. Otostegia fruticosa is traditionally used to treat various disorders in different parts of the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative effects of crude leaves extract of O. fruticosa (OF.Cr) on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC model in Wistar albino rats. Wistar rats were administered orally with either vehicle (10 mL/kg), OF.Cr (200 and 400 mg/kg), or prednisolone (2 mg/kg) once a day for 6 days. On day 6, UC was induced in rats by intrarectal administration of a single dose of 5% AA (1.0 mL). Disease activity index (DAI) was recorded after one day of colitis induction by assessing the symptoms of colitis and then the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and colon tissues were isolated for the histopathological examination and biochemical analysis of oxidative stress parameters and cytokines (Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α). OF.Cr pretreatment exhibits significant prevention against UC, as confirmed by a significant decrease of DAI, colonic ulceration, and reduced inflammatory score as compared to the AA-induced colitis rats. Depletion of total glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activities in the colitis group was significantly restored in the OF.Cr treated groups, while increased lipid peroxidation in the colon tissues was significantly reduced. OF.Cr prevented the activation of the IL-6 and TNF-α pathways in the colonic tissues, which were clearly observed by the decreased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the OF.Cr treated animals. Hence, OF.Cr could be developed in the future for the treatment of UC.

Protective role of flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against lead-acetate-induced oxidative-stress-mediated nephrotoxicity in rats

BackgroundLead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that causes kidney injury and oxidative tissue damage. Current drugs to treat nephrotoxicity have multiple side-effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently required. PurposeWe investigated the nephroprotective efficacy of flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) against lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal toxicity in rats. MethodsThe therapeutic activity of SDG was determined using a Wistar Albino rat model. Rats were administered with lead acetate (20 mg/kg b.w.) to induce nephrotoxicity and treated with SDG (10 mg/kg b.w.) or vehicle for 5 days. Biochemical parameters were measured and histopathological studies were carried out to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of SDG. ResultsThere were significant changes in relative kidney weight and reduced PbAc accumulation in the kidney after treatment with SDG compared to the control. SDG treatment also led to significant decreases in the levels of blood urea and creatinine and restored levels of albumin. There was also a marked improvement in the concentration of enzymes in the group treated with SDG. Histopathological examination of renal tissues confirmed that the nephritic changes due to PbAc were ameliorated by SDG treatment. ConclusionIn conclusion, our study suggests the protective role of SDG in limiting renal cytotoxicity induced by lead acetate as a model for lead toxicity.