Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the phytoconstituents of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of ethanol (EE), chloroform (CE) and dichloromethane (DCME) of stem extracts were evaluated using in vivo experimental models. The extracts were analyzed for phytoconstituents using GC-HRMS. Anti-inflammatory activity of CE, EE and DCME was accessed using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and the carrageenan-induced air-pouch model in Wistar albino rats. The hepatotoxicity-induced animal models were investigated for the biochemical markers in serum (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total lipids and total protein) and liver (total protein, total lipids, GSH and wet liver weight). In the in vivo study, animals were divided into different groups (six in each group) for accessing the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, respectively. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 102 compounds, among which 24 were active secondary metabolites. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of stem extracts was found in the order: indomethacin > chloroform extract (CE) > dichloromethane extract (DCME) > ethanolic extract (EE), and hepatoprotective activity of stem extracts in the order: CE > silymarin > EE > DCME. The results indicate that N. triquetra stem has a higher hepatoprotective effect than silymarin, however the anti-inflammatory response was in accordance with or lower than indomethacin.
Highlights
Herbal medicines are the oldest form of healthcare, and India have a long tradition of treating various disorders with these plant drugs
The dichloromethane extract (DCME) showed the least reduction in edema. These results indicate that the chloroform extract (CE) possesses the strongest anti-inflammatory activity as compared to Ethanolic Extract (EE) and DCME at every hour after pretreatment
Vast development in the synthetic drug discovery field has been achieved, it has been found sooner or later that every synthetic drug has its side effects, and this property of synthetic drugs urges the need for drugs with minimum or no side effects, making us rely on the medicinal plants and their chemical constituents
Summary
Herbal medicines are the oldest form of healthcare, and India have a long tradition of treating various disorders with these plant drugs. These drugs are cheap, available and have minimum side effects. The plant grows as a terrestrial low prostrate perennial herb with yellow flowers. It is distributed in Maharashtra in open fields [3]. The whole plant is astringent [6]. Stem juice is astringent and is poured into the ear to provide relief from earache. The juice of flowers of this plant is used for eye diseases [7]. Aerial parts of the plant possess moderate pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity [10]
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