Mock-up System Research Articles

A Vibration Decoupling System for TES Operation in the COSINUS Dry Dilution Refrigerator

AbstractCOSINUS will be among the first underground experiments to operate Transition Edge Sensors in a dry dilution refrigerator, measuring temperature changes on the order of $$\mu$$ μ K. A pulse tube cryocooler is used to cool down to 3K, trading simplified handling, by not using liquid noble gases, for an increased vibration noise level in the acoustic frequency range. As the signals measured with a TES are in the same frequency region, it is necessary to decouple the detectors from all possible noise sources. In COSINUS, a two-level passive decoupling system was developed and tested using piezo-based accelerometers. At the first level, the refrigerator is mechanically isolated from all external noise sources. For the second level an internal spring-based system was developed and tested on a mockup system. On the first level a reduction of the vibrational background up to a factor 4 below 10 Hz could be measured. On the second level a resonance frequency of 1.2 Hz with damping of higher frequencies was achieved.

Experimental and numerical approach to assess the dynamic performance of an inductive ignition system

This paper envisages studying the features of a conventional inductive ignition system along with its MOSFET and IGBT-based transistorized modifications. The influence of mechanical contact breaker dynamics and ignition coil characteristics on the current and voltage waveforms of the primary and secondary circuits of these studied ignition systems are mathematically and experimentally exposed. The investigation is considered necessary prior to attempting subsequent modeling and diagnostics procedures on the current-voltage performance characteristics of conventional and transistorized ignition systems. The work has demanded the development of an experimental setup based on a basic modifiable ignition system mockup and an instrumentation system to measure and analyze the voltage-current parameters of inductive ignition systems. The paper describes the design details of such instrumentation system, presents mechanical and electrical models for contact breaker and ignition circuits, then simulated to obtain base free-run response waveforms and electrical continuity behavior of the contact. A test of frequency response of the ignition coil provided additional input to the model. An experimental test of continuity of the contact, in agreement with its model, shed light on the actual excitation of the primary coil. The work comments on a sample of the registered current and voltage waveforms in primary and secondary coil windings of the ignition system at atmospheric conditions. Comparisons of waveforms and energy for mechanical contact, MOSFET and IGBT switches are made to establish them as a reference for future tests.

Design of the ASIC readout scheme for the JUNO-TAO experiment

The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) has been proposed to precisely measure the reactor antineutrino spectrum with an energy resolution better than 2% at 1 MeV. It can provide a reference spectrum to the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to enhance its sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering measurement. In addition, TAO can also provide a benchmark to verify the nuclear database and conduct new physics searches. The TAO detector is a 2.8-ton liquid scintillator detector equipped with a 10 m2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array to collect the light with a coverage of 94%. The TAO detector will be operated at -50 °C to suppress the SiPM dark count rate. In this work, we report on the design of a readout system based on the KLauS6 chip to handle the outputs from the SiPMs, which exhibits advantages of high granularity (potentially good particle identification) and large dynamic range. A dedicated mockup system has been built and its performance carefully evaluated both at room and low temperatures, measuring gain, charge linearity, signal-to-noise ratio, and dead time. The testing results show that the performance of this system can meet the requirements of TAO. However, an abnormal increase in current at 1.8 V analog power of the KLauS6 chip has been observed when operating it at temperatures below -20 °C, resulting in a potential risk on the long-term reliability. Therefore, the KLauS-based readout design is considered as an alternative option for the future upgrading of the TAO's readout system. This study also provides a reference and guidance for other relevant applications.

Development of a dry mock-up system for verifying pyroprocess automation

This paper presents the design and operation of an autonomous robot for pyroprocess automation, which requires unique approaches beyond those used in industrial applications to achieve the desired performance. Maintaining an extremely dry atmosphere is crucial to handle various materials, including chloride, and an autonomous system ensures this dry environment. The drying room dehumidifier was carefully selected and designed to generate dry air, and different types of dry air conditioning performance were evaluated, including assessing worker accessibility inside the mock-up to determine the system's feasibility. Containers used for process materials were modified to fit the gripper system of the gantry robot for automation. The loading and unloading of process materials in each equipment were automatically performed to connect the process equipment with the robotic system. The gantry robot primarily operated through macro motion to approach waypoints containing process materials, eliminating the need for precise approach motion. The robot's tapered jaw design allowed it to grasp the target object even with imperfect positioning. Robot motions were programmed using a robot simulator for initial positioning and motion planning, and real accuracy was tested in a mock-up facility using the OPC platform.

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENJUALAN PADA TOKO XYZ BERBASIS WEB DAN MOBILE MENGGUNAKAN UML

Technological advancements have a significant impact on businesses, particularly in the realm of sales. XYZ store currently relies on manual business processes, leading to a non-computerized and uncoordinated sales system. Consequently, there is a need for an innovative new business model that utilizes web and mobile-based systems. In this study, Rosa A.S.'s Prototype research method is employed to design the sales system using UML notation in the form of diagrams. The designed sales system caters to three user categories: customers accessing the mobile platform, store clerks, and store owners accessing the website platform. The study's outcomes consist of an analysis report and the design of a web- and mobile-based sales information system (mock-up) for XYZ store. The aim is to create a user-friendly interface that facilitates understanding for the sellers, making sales transactions more efficient. Moreover, the system aims to enhance convenience for customers and buyers, enabling them to conduct transactions and access product information from any location

Development of Patient Monitoring System Application: Integrating Design Thinking and QFD Method

COVID 19 and other diseases with high risk of transmission lead to hospital occupancy restrictions. On the other hand, the patient’s family needs to know the most recent patient condition. This research aims to design a patient monitoring system. Thus, the patient's family can monitor the patient's condition without visiting the hospital to reduce the transmission risk. The process of designing this monitoring system is carried out using a design thinking approach which consists of an empathy process, define, ideate, prototype, and test. This design thinking approach is combined with the Quality Function Deployment method. This approach was chosen because design thinking can solve problems effectively by understanding user needs and redefining the user experience problems. The result of this research is the patient monitoring system mockup. The mockup usability was tested using usability questionnaire. Respondents who are stakeholders in one of the hospitals agree that the developed patient monitoring system could solve existing problems.

A novel design approach to prefabricated BIPV walls for multi-storey buildings

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) allow the adoption of clean energy on site and promote low-energy buildings. In highly urbanised cities, BIPV applications on building façades are preferable to rooftop solar systems, especially on tall buildings with limited roof space. However, the lack of “plug-and-play” BIPV on the market has hindered their deployment. To facilitate BIPV adoption in buildings, this study investigates the design method of a prefabricated unitised BIPV wall system based on the prefabrication technology of light gauge steel structure. The new BIPV wall system is characterised by an “all-in-one” design with multiple functional layers that allows the independent operation of each unit and an interlocking joint design that enables fast installation and guarantees air and water tightness requirements. The investigated novel and systematic design approach includes two-dimensional cross-sectional design, PV mounting design, three-dimensional modelling and system mock-up. The outcome of the design approach has been constructed and demonstrated at full-scale in Singapore. Three workers without electrical experience can handle the on-site installation manually from indoors in the building without the use of scaffolding, because each unit is preassembled and pre-wired at the off-site factory. The findings reveal practical implications and the potential of the prefabricated BIPV system, as well as several limitations in the current study and future research directions for further development.

Perancangan Prototype Sistem Informasi Repository Skripsi Berbasis Web Di UNA’IM Yapis Wamena Papua

In Indonesia, there are many institutions that use information systems in the field of education, one of which is the Repository information system. Repository is a digital-based library term where this information system can be used to access student thesis, both the academic community and academics outside the campus as reference material for writing scientific papers. Even so, not all colleges use it. One of them is Amal Ilmiah Yapis Wamena University. As a university located in conflict and mountainous areas, data loss often occurs. Likewise with the use of information systems that have not been maximized. This study aims to design a prototype of a web-based thesis repository information system at the Amal Ilmiah Yapis Wamena University. The method used is simulated prototyping. The results of this study show the prototype/prototype design in the form of a web-based thesis repository information system mockup as many as 7 (seven) mockup pages, including the login page, lecturer list, Lecturer data entry form, student list, student data entry form, repository list, and form. repository data entry.

Developing FEM Procedures for Four-Sided Structural Sealant Glazing Curtain Wall Systems with Reentrant Corners

In the cyclic racking evaluation of curtain wall systems, physical testing with instrumentation is the standard method for collecting performance data by most design professionals. The resulting testing of full-scale mockups can provide many types of data, including load and displacement values at different stages of loading through failure. While this type of data is valuable for product/system development/fabrication and design, such data can also provide a means for simulation validation of the curtain wall cyclic performance under simulated earthquake loading. Once the simulation study is validated using the test results, then parametric studies by designers can be conducted with greater ease, ideally with commercial software packages, without the need for testing. For the results of this research study, a practical industry formulated finite element modeling (FEM) approach was used to predict the performance of the curtain wall mockups. Here, unitized four-sided structural sealant glazing (4SSG) curtain wall system mockups that incorporate a re-entrant corner were subjected to cyclic racking displacements per the American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) 501.6 Structural Sealant protocol. System performances, including displacements, were obtained from the FEM study and used to calculate the effective shear strain of the structural silicone and the drift capacity of the system. This paper describes the details of the techniques developed for FEM, the analysis results, and shows an example application of the numerical modeling approach for mockups with racking test results available. The goal of this modeling approach was to create and test methods that practicing consulting engineers can quickly conduct in their offices on common commercially available software often available to them.

Derivation of Kinematic Equations Based on Full-Scale Racking Tests for Seismic Performance Evaluation of Unitized Four-Sided Structural Sealant Glazing Curtain Wall Systems

Curtain wall glazing systems are a major part of a building due to the multiple roles they have, including occupant protection against environmental effects and the transfer of loads to the structural system. From a structural perspective, limited analytical guidelines and methods exist to aid designers in their determination of the curtain wall performance without extensive simulation or laboratory testing. This study takes experimental data from full-scale, “unitized”, four-sided structural sealant glazing (4SSG) curtain wall system mockups featuring a re-entrant corner subjected to cyclic racking displacements in accordance with the American Architectural Manufacturers Association AAMA 501.6 protocol to derive and establish equations that predict the relative displacements of the glass relative to the glazing frame, based on the amount of inter-story drift. Through derivation and testing, sealant cohesive failure and glass cracking were identified as limit states and corresponding drift levels were determined to control many of the equations. Displacements from the newly derived equations were correlated to the effective shear strain value experienced by the structural silicone in the mockup concurrently with the curtain wall’s drift capacity. This paper provides detailed derivation of the kinematic equations for possible use by glazing design professionals. Such equations can help designers to more easily predict the drifts that cause damage to such systems by manual calculations without the need for expensive mockup testing or time-intensive computer models.

Development of mobile aircraft control system model with additive technologies

The article describes the parameter evaluation of mobile spacecraft control systems and identifies their main advantages in comparison with stationary assets. The model and the mobile spacecraft control system mock-up using additive technologies were developed with existing methods for prototyping complex technical systems. This model performs experimental operations of the prototype of the mobile control system, accompanies the spacecraft in the area of its radio visibility, simulates the implementation of technological cycles of spacecraft control, evaluates the parameters of the target equipment, analyzes the characteristics of the antenna system and the layout, conducts experiments and eliminates abnormal situations. It also optimizes the spacecraft testing based on the use of artificial intelligence techniques.

Smart sensors network for accurate indirect heat accounting in apartment buildings

A new method for accurate indirect heat accounting in apartment buildings has been recently developed by the Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM). It is based on a data driven approach aimed to the smart networking of any type of indirect heat allocation devices, which can provide, for each heat delivery point of an apartment building, measurements or estimations of the temperature difference between the heat transfer fluid and the indoor environment. The analysis of the data gathered from the devices installed on the heating bodies, together with the measurements of the overall building heat consumption provided by direct heat metering, allows the evaluation of the characteristic thermal model parameters of heating bodies at actual installation and working conditions. Thus overcoming the negative impact on accuracy of conventional indirect heat accounting due to off-design operation, in which these measurement systems normally operate. The method has been tested on conventional heat cost allocators (HCA), and on innovative smart radiator thermostatic valves developed by CSEM. The evaluations were carried out at the centralized heating system mock-up of the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), and also in a real building in Neuchatel, Switzerland. The method has proven to be an effective tool to improve the accuracy of indirect heat metering systems; compared to conventional HCA systems, the error on the individual heating bill is reduced by 20%–50%.

Plug and Play Modular Façade Construction System for Renovation for Residential Buildings

The present paper focuses on the architectural and constructional features required to ensure that building envelope renovation are safe, functional, and adaptable to the building stock, with particular focus on “plug and play” modular facade construction systems. It presents the design of one such system and how it addresses these issues. The outcome of early-stage functional test with a full-scale mock-up system, as well as its applicability to a real construction project is presented. It is found crucial to obtain high quality information about the status of the existing façade with the use of modern technologies such as topographic surveys or 3D scans and point cloud. Detailed design processes are required to ensure the compatibility of manufacture and installation tolerances, along with anchor systems that deliver flexibility for adjustment, and construction processes adapting standard installation methods to the architectural particularities of each case that may hinder its use or require some modification in each situation. This prefabricated plug and play modular system has been tested by reproducing the holistic methodology and new technologies in the market by means of real demonstrators. When compared to more conventional construction methods, this system achieves savings in a real case of 50% (time), 30% (materials) and 25% (waste), thus achieving significant economic savings.

Unitized curtain wall systems joint performance with re-entrant corners under seismic racking testing

Understanding damage mechanisms and associated facility challenges for curtain wall systems with different boundary conditions is critical in their performance evaluation and selection during the design stage of a building's lifecycle, in particular if vulnerable to earthquake effects. While many different styles and configurations exist, limited research has been conducted on unitized four-sided structural sealant glazing (4SSG) with re-entrant corners under dynamic racking testing conditions. As such, this paper details a study on full-scale unitized 4SSG curtain wall system mockups featuring a re-entrant corner and subjected to cyclic racking displacements. Racking tests were carried out in accordance with the American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) 501.6 protocol. Glass fallout, sealant adhesive or cohesive failure, and glass cracking failure modes were identified as limit states and corresponding drift levels were determined. Results of these tests on full-scale specimens are presented here and some of the challenges in data collection and accuracy when using a racking facility are discussed.

The combined use of adaptive optics and nonlinear optical wavefront reversal techniques to compensate for turbulent distortions when focusing laser radiation on distant objects

Approaches to constructing a mock-up of a system for focusing laser radiation on distant objects using both adaptive optics elements and nonlinear-optical wavefront reversal methods providing compensation for turbulent distortions are considered. Numerical calculations were preliminarily performed, in which the split-step method was used as a numerical method for solving a second-order partial differential wave equation for the complex amplitude of the wave field of a laser beam. This method, combined with methods of spectral-phase Fourier transforms and statistical tests, is the most effective way to obtain reliable quantitative results for solving engineering problems of atmospheric wave optics. Quantitative data are obtained on the effect of turbulent atmospheric distortions along propagation paths on the main parameters of coherent laser beams – focusing, effective average radius, and the proportion of the beam energy in its diffraction spot. The preliminary results obtained of the system mock-up performance confirm the conclusions of the theory.

The development and application of digital refueling mock-up for China initiative accelerator driven system

The refueling procedure in China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) is extremely complex, since there are some complicated structures in the coupling system, and the liquid lead-bismuth coolant turns the dynamic refueling process into the opaque experience. Building a real-scale physical mock-up system for the simulation of refueling procedure had always been considered as an effective way. However, the refueling design of CiADS will demand frequent changes in the preliminary design stage, which makes the approach time-consuming, not economic, and lack of flexibility. Another reason making this method not appropriate is that the refueling procedure will always accompany by the radioactive process and the release of airborne radionuclide, which will cause the possibly potential risks to the workers in nuclear reactor building. Considering these situations, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMPCAS) has developed an immersive virtual reality based digital refueling mock-up for the project of CiADS. The proposed refueling simulation system has some attractive features, including the real-time visualization for the automatic refueling simulation, feedforward and feedback control to the digital refueling mock-up, the interference and collision detection in the simulation process, and the sequential optimization and reliability assessment method in the refueling procedure, which can meet the requirement of frequent changes, and evaluate the refueling scenario both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Personalized Renal Collecting System Mockup for Procedural Training Under Ultrasound Guidance

Objective: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of ultrasound guidance for endoscopic and percutaneous procedures. Kidney mockups could be used for training, however, available mockups are normally incompatible with ultrasound imaging. We developed a reproducible method to manufacture an ultrasound-compatible collecting system mockup that can be made at urology laboratories. Methods: Positive and negative molding methods were used. A three-dimensional (3D) digital model of a urinary collecting system and the overlying skin surface were segmented from computed tomography. A containment mold (negative) was made following the shape of the skin surface using 3D printing. A collecting system mold (positive) was also 3D printed, but made of a dissolvable material. The containment mold was filled with a gelatin formula with the collecting system mold submersed in situ within. After the gelatin solidified, a solution was used to dissolve the collecting system mold, but not the gelatin, leaving a cavity with the shape of the collecting system. The gelatin was extracted from the container mockup and the collecting system cavity was filled with water. The mockup was imaged with ultrasound to assess echogenicity and suitability for simulating ultrasound-guided procedures. Results: A clear shape corresponding to the collecting system was observed inside the gel structure. Structural integrity was maintained with no observable manufacturing marks or separation seams. Ultrasound images of the mockup demonstrated clear differentiation at the gelatin/water interface. A mock stone was placed in the collecting system and needle targeted to simulate percutaneous needle access. Conclusion: We developed a simple method to manufacture a personalized mockup of the renal collecting system of a patient that can be used for ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle access. Generic collecting system mockups can be used for training, and patient-specific models can be used to simulate and decide the best access path before a clinical case.

User Stories-Based Requirement Elicitation for Data Visualization to Support Decision Making in Water Resource Management at Bago River Basin

Understanding of system requirements that satisfy end users’ needs is fundamental of system development, yet challenging when end users are unable to address their needs explicitly. Although a number of scholars have been designing and applying requirement elicitation techniques, there is a research gap in Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) with Web-based Geographical Information System (Web-GIS) in water resource management for disaster risk reduction. The gap addresses especially design elicitation techniques and their performances 1) to understand data types used for decision making, 2) set timing for sharing the data to accomplish end users’ tasks, and 3) compile the data to be represented so as to facilitate end users’ decision making. This study therefore designed a requirement elicitation technique by advancing User Story Mapping (USM) and validated through a workshop using mock-up system interface with potential end users who are in charge of water resource management in Myanmar’s Bago River Basin. Through the research it could be validated that the user stories-based approach enabled end users to decompose their operation activities into tasks. It also allowed them to link to necessary data with visual image for facilitating their task accomplishments and decision making for water resource management. It was revealed that the benefits of using the designed approach are not only just to summarize necessary data and information for end users’ decision making but also to encourage them to proactively consider data utilization into their operations. For further development of the requirement elicitation to understand end users needs, insights and recommendations for the proposed technique designing and conducting of the workshop were obtained.

Design and Characterization of an Actuated Drill Mockup for Orthopedic Surgical Training.

Haptic feedback in virtual reality-based trainers for surgical bone drilling is mostly provided via impedance-controlled haptic devices. Due to this, the displayable maximum stiffness is limited. In addition, vibration feedback is often only of reduced fidelity. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed a hand-held, actuated admittance-controlled drill mockup, comprising enhanced kinesthetic and tactile feedback. This article reports on design and characterization of the device, and highlights its use for training. Kinesthetic feedback is provided through haptic augmentation, employing a ball-screw mechanism acting on a retractable drill-bit. Feedback computation relies on admittance control, thus allowing for stable display of very high resistance forces, and thus material stiffness, which cannot be achieved with standard impedance-control approaches. For the tactile mechanism, a modified linear vibration actuator is directly attached to the mockup handle, improving signal transmission. Tactile feedback computation is based on an extension of a previously proposed power spectral density control method. Frequency-specific gains are adjusted in real-time, compensating for differences between desired and measured vibrations. The performance of the device is characterized in several experiments, including comparisons to drilling with a real drill into artificial bone samples. In addition, several user studies have been carried out. We illustrate the capability of the mockup to render bone samples with different material layer stiffness and thickness. Moreover, we show that the mockup system allows for the same training effect as when rehearsing with a real drill.

Remote sensing: the method of GIS application for monitoring the state of soils

Modern technologies of remote sensing of the Earth from space allow creating new information systems for observing and studying various processes occurring in biogeocenoses and agrocenoses. This is especially important in the case when it comes to the study of grape agrocenoses, since their most important elements are perennial plants and soils that provide a harvest. In this case, it is necessary to create special information technology for monitoring such objects. This will allow forming a series of observations that are uniform in time and space and provide the ability to conduct an analysis with a high degree of reliability in the future. The aim of this work is to develop methodological foundations for the formation of a system for remote diagnostics of soil fertility of grape agrocenoses in connection with the technology of cultivation and bioecological features of cultivated crops in solving problems of improving land use efficiency, as well as the creation of a mock-up of information system for remote monitoring of grape agrocenoses on their basis, aimed at solving tasks of predicting the condition of soils and vineyards, obtaining objective information about predicted fertility, solving problems of increasing land use efficiency, taking into account soil cultivation technologies and bioecological features of cultivated crops, abiotic and biotic factors.