Mixed Theory Research Articles

Physico-chemical characterisation of glycerol- and ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents

Deep eutectic solvents are of significant interest to numerous applications including cryopreservation, chemical synthesis, lubrication, energy storage, catalysis, and self-assembly. However, to date there have been few rigorous and systematic studies of the physico-chemical and thermal properties of these solvents. This means that conclusive structure-function relationships are difficult to define within the context of the current literature. Here, we present the viscosity, refractive index, density, surface tension, and thermal behaviour of mixtures of either glycerol or ethylene glycol with choline chloride, betaine, or L-proline, as neat fluids and in the presence of water. We demonstrate that changing the ratio of hydrogen bond donor to hydrogen bond acceptor has only a small effect on the physico-chemical properties, while the addition of even small quantities of water has a significant effect. Despite rigorous studies, we demonstrate that determining the eutectic point of these mixtures is not straight-forward and that the definition of a ‘deep’ eutectic solvent may need to be reviewed in the frame of ideal mixing theory.

Theoretical study of the nematic to isotropic phase transition in the mixtures of nematic liquid crystal and quantum dots nanoparticles

ABSTRACTThe nematic to isotropic phase transition in the mixtures of nematic liquid crystal and quantum dots nanoparticles has been studied. Flory Huggins theory of isotropic mixing and Landau-de Gennes theory have been used to study the nematic to isotropic phase transition. The effects of quantum dots nanoparticles on the nematic order parameter, transition temperature, and splay elastic constant have been discussed. The decrease of nematic order parameter, transition temperature, and splay elastic constant with the increase in volume fraction of quantum dots nanoparticles has been observed.

Pemanfaatan Instagram Sebagai Media Pemasaran Online PT. Justatrip Sahabat Perjalanan

Pemanfaatan Instagram Sebagai Media Pemasaran Online PT. Justatrip Sahabat Perjalanan

Analyzing the Strategy of Chicecream's Brand Image Based on Marketing Mix Theory

Influencers refer to people who spread information through the internet and become popular due to their own attention from netizens. This idea is expanded by the term "Internet celebrity brand," which refers to a brand that has become popular with consumers through online marketing. The aim of this study was to explore how Internet celebrity brands could improve their brand image and foster consumer goodwill. This paper further developed Marketing Mix Theory by exploring the effectiveness of dimensions of Marketing Mix Theory and brand image. Besides, the research also exploited the SWOT method to analyze the product, price, place, and promotion of the Chicecream. This research concluded that Chicecream' s high pricing can generate negative perceptions among consumers, and inappropriate positioning strategies can lead to fragmentation of the brand image and detract from the effectiveness of brand marketing. Through the above summary and analysis, the article provided ideas on how to cultivate a good brand image for online celebrity brands from the perspectives of price, product, place, and promotion.

Analyzing the Effectiveness of Xiaohongshu on Consumers Purchase Intentions

With the development of technology and social software for live streaming, slow live streaming is gradually becoming popular in the small red book. Slow live streaming is viral among customers in terms of customer value, convenience, and communication and dramatically increases consumers willingness to buy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore why slow live streaming is becoming more popular and influencing the desire of customers to buy. This article took the Xiaohongshus slow live streaming as a case study to analyze the data using the Marketing mix theory of 4Cs to analysis. Firstly, the reason is consumer value. To keep this strategy, Xiaohongshu can launch gifts, expand the labels and target groups, and use advertising and invite celebrity testimonials. Secondly, the reason is convenience. To develop this strategy more, Xiaohongshu can set up a backend warehouse to ensure that the goods are stored. Third, the reason is communication. To keep this strategy, interactive activities can be added to the live stream. This article reinforced the marketing mix theory to analysis the extension of the marketing mix of 4C theory and identified the strengths and areas for future improvement for Xiaohongshus slow live-streaming approach.

The Impact of Localized Co-branding on Consumers Purchase Intention

With the rapid expansion of local beauty firms in China, multinational makeup brands face an increasing threat. To attract more consumers, certain global beauty firms operating in China have adjusted their business models, deciding to form alliances with competitive local Chinese brands. Based on this market phenomenon, this paper decided to use Shiseido as an example to explore how cross-border co-branding cooperation between international cosmetics brands affects consumers purchase intentions. This paper utilized qualitative research methods to conduct a SWOT analysis of aromatherapy products jointly launched by Shiseido and To Summer from the perspective of marketing mix theory. The conclusion was that the cross-border cooperation of international cosmetics brands has a positive effect on the purchase intention of consumers, and from a product point of view, Shiseidos strict control of product quality accelerates consumers purchase of fragrance. In addition, Shiseidos diversified marketing strategy on media platforms has an incentive effect on consumers purchasing power. Conversely, Shiseidos higher product pricing than local brands and lack of distribution channels for aromatherapy products will reduce consumers purchasing power.

Analyzing the Importance of Building Positive Brand Image

After getting a lot of praise for being a sales champion, Perfect Diary's reputation went downhill because of a number of problems with the brand itself. On the other hand, there are not many articles that discuss how to improve this issue and construct a positive image for the business. This paper addressed this subject in more detail. Using an examination of marketing mix theory and a SWOT analysis, the purpose of this paper was to investigate how Perfect Diary creates a favorable image for its brand. According to the findings of the study, Perfect Diary's brand image will suffer if the company maintains its low-price approach for an extended period of time, does not pay attention to place expansion, and engages in excessive promotion. Nonetheless, consumers will be drawn to the brand due to the packaging and other characteristics of its products, which will have a beneficial effect on the brand's image. As a result, in order to create a favorable public perception of their brand, Perfect Diary needs to implement the four pillars of the marketing mix theory.

The Effectiveness of Luckin Coffee Fission Marketing Based on Marketing Mix Theory

Fission marketing is a special kind of marketing that is based on the old ways of marketing and is used to get more customers by splitting the terminal market. Luckin Coffee is one of the successful users of the fission marketing model. This study aimed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of Luckin s coffee marketing model as well as its impact on consumers. This paper further develops the factors in the marketing mix theory, uses the SWOT analysis method in the model analysis, and comprehensively discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the Luckin Coffee marketing model. This study concluded that Luckin Coffee has obtained a large number of customers through relationship marketing, price promotion, and other means, but customer loyalty is insufficient, brand understanding is inadequate, and the capital flow has many drawbacks. The overall marketing model has advantages and disadvantages, which is one of the typical cases of fission marketing. More opportunities and threats to Luckin s marketing model will also be discussed in the following section.

Analyzing the Marketing Strategy Model for L'Occitane

People are paying more attention to body skin care as the economy and society develop, and the demand for body care products is increasing. At the same time, with the continuous progress of Internet technology, China ushered in the "traffic era". Various social platforms play an important role in users' use of the Internet, so the traffic-guided marketing strategy has huge value in the market. This paper applied Marketing Mix theory and SWOT analysis, combined with the actual situation of the L'Occitane brand, through the analysis of the brand's marketing status and existing problems from four aspects: product strategy, price strategy, channel strategy, and promotion strategy, to analyze the shortcomings of L 'Occitane traditional marketing model. The new marketing strategy of L'Occitane and its similar skin care products in the age of traffic is proposed. This paper put forward specific measures for L'Occitane and similar skin care products to cope with the new marketing model in the traffic era from the aspects of paying attention to the traffic promotion on social media platforms and expanding the scope of skin care products publicity.

Analyzing Tthe Current Situation of Eastbuy Based on Marketing Mix Theory of 4Vs

With the development of sale through live streaming which means selling products to consumers in the form of live streaming, more and more enterprises join this business. As a result of the double reduction policy, which is aimed at decreasing the amount of time that students in required education spend working outside of the classroom. An educational institution called New Oriental started working on a new marketing strategy that includes entering into the live streaming market and producing knowledge-based live broadcasts. Knowledge-based live broadcast is the process of selling products to customers through the transmission of product-related knowledge to consumers. This study's objective was to investigate that based on a SWOT analysis, this paper evaluates the current situation of live broadcast accounts and makes recommendations for future growth, using Oriental Selection as an example, the effect of 4V (Variation, Versatility, Value and Vibration) on purchase intention. This paper utilized 4V Marketing Mix Theory and SWOT Analysis to analyze the Vs under Strengths, Opportunities, Weakness, and Threats how to effect on purchase intention. This research concludes that variation such as lowest price and knowledge-based live broadcast can be Eastbuys strength to increase consumers purchase intention; the small target consumer became Eastbuys weakness which decrease purchase intention; increasing the interaction between consumers and enterprise(vibration) is an opportunity which may increase the purchase intention in the future; the sole products of Eastbuy and easy to be copied sales model becomes the threaten which may bad for the company.

Implement of the Marketing Mix Theory in Increasing Customer Satisfaction at Internet-famous Restaurant

Since people like to post photos on social platforms as a way to share them in their daily lives, restaurants have discovered that this can be utilized as a free promotional advertisement. The restaurant began to pay attention to the decoration of the store but also forgot the importance of the product itself. The purpose of this research was to discover how to improve the Internet-famous restaurant's current situation when the satisfaction of consumers shows a downward trend. Taking TASTIEN as an example, the marketing mix theory of the 4Ps and data from other scholars' research were utilized for relevant analysis. The reason for the decline in TASTIEN's product quality was the excessive number of franchised stores. Therefore, TASTIEN should improve the detection of food ingredients and continue to innovate. Whats more, the problem of too many complaints from TATINE customers is due to poor quality of service. In this regard, TASTIEN should invest more time in training employees and improving basic behavioral qualities. Similarly, TASTIEN is not promoted well because it is overly reliant on one platform. It should try to follow the social trend, enter the market as a sponsor, and participate in more social platforms.

Galvanic Corrosion of Strands in Re-Grouted, Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges

Grouted, post-tensioned (PTD) concrete systems are widely used to construct bridges, typically with an anticipated corrosion-free service life of 100+ y. However, the usage of inadequate grout materials and grouting practices in PTD concrete systems have caused unwanted air voids in ducts, leading to strand/grout/air interface, carbonation of exposed grout layer, and localized corrosion of strands (say, within about 10 y to 20 y). Re-grouting of voids as a tendon repair strategy has led to accelerated galvanic corrosion of the portion of strands at the interface between the carbonated base grout and repair grout with different chemistry, raising concerns and reluctance in re-grouting of voids in tendons. This work focused on understanding and quantifying the galvanic corrosion at the interface of carbonated base grout and repair grout in a re-grouted tendon. The theoretical analysis based on mixed potential theory estimated a galvanic current density of approximately 2 µA/cm2 and showed that the galvanic coupling can increase the corrosion current density of the prestressing steel in the base grout by about two-fold. The study on prestressed steel in simulated solutions estimated a galvanic current density of approximately 20 µA/cm2. Then, the study on prestressing steel in grouts and the analytical simulation estimated galvanic current densities around 1.5 µA/cm2 to 2 µA/cm2 at 95% external relative humidity (ERH) and 25°C. A model relating the galvanic current density in grouted systems as a function of ERH was developed, which showed an exponential increase in the galvanic corrosion with an increase in ERH. Also, a case study showed that if the tendon anchorage region experiences 95% ERH for about 20 y, sufficient strand corrosion could happen, and structural behavior can change from ductile to brittle nature, which could be a serious concern for structures in the coastal zone.

Laser Surface Melting to Mitigate Intergranular Corrosion of Sensitized AA5083

AA5083 is a solution-strengthened, supersaturated Al-Mg alloy. It has become widely used in corrosive and harsh environments, such as marine settings, due to its exceptional corrosion resistance and impressive strength-to-weight ratio. However, when exposed to moderately elevated temperatures, the alloy undergoes a process called sensitization, resulting in the precipitation of the β phase. This intermetallic precipitate is rich in magnesium and has anodic properties, creating a microgalvanic couple with the more noble aluminum (Al) matrix. Consequently, the sensitized alloy experiences intergranular corrosion due to the anodic dissolution of the grain boundary in a corrosive environment. Various techniques for dissolving intermetallic particles into the matrix have been reported in the literature, but they are often impractical for service components, and traditional solutionizing treatments tend to decrease mechanical properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pulsed excimer laser irradiation, as a novel approach, on the surface morphology, chemical composition, and electrochemical behavior of highly sensitized AA5083 samples. To achieve this, various analytical techniques were used, including profilometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and localized potentiostat scans. The results of this investigation showed that laser surface melting (LSM) led to a reduction in the open-circuit potential and exchange current density in a 0.6 M NaCl aqueous solution, mainly due to increased surface homogenization. Furthermore, multiple grazing incident x-ray diffraction scans were performed to identify the changes in the metallurgical and crystallographic parameters in the near-surface region. Anodic polarization scans of the LSM surface galvanically coupled with a more cathodic base metal exhibited a lower corrosion current density than the theoretical value suggested by mixed potential theory. The improved performance could potentially be attributed to the surface homogenization and formation of a robust passive layer on the LSM surface.

Electro-mechanical coupling model and interlaminar stress analysis of laminated plates containing GSR actuator

Due to its remarkable physical features, graphene nanosheets (GPN) are one of the most appealing reinforcing materials for composites. For polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), GPN reinforced composites can dramatically increase its piezoelectric and mechanical characteristics. If the interlaminar shear deformation of laminated plates containing uniform graphene sheets reinforced (GSR) smart piezoelectric layer, which material properties vary widely from layer to layer and subjected to electromechanical loading cannot be accurately predicted, the interlaminar stresses may be very high, eventually leading to interlaminar failure. In light of this, an effective mechanoelectrical coupling model for the accurate prediction of interlaminar stress for composite plates contains GSR actuators is developed in present study. Meanwhile, the finite element formulation (FEF) can be substantially simplified due to the expression of transverse shear stress components becoming more succinct. Therefore, by using the suggested electro-mechanical coupling theory, a three-node FEF is easily constructed. The refinement of transverse shear stress prediction in the context of electromechanical coupling can be accomplished through the application of the Reissner mixed variation theory (RMVT). The performance of the recommended plate model will be evaluated using the results derived from three-dimensional (3D) elastic theory and the selected model. By employing the RMVT method, we improve predictions of transverse shear stresses while considering the electromechanical coupling effect. The results from our model are compared with alternative models and 3D elasticity theory, demonstrating its superiority in satisfying the continuity requirements of transverse shear stresses and exhibiting excellent agreement with exact solutions. This validates the accuracy and applicability of our proposed model. Further to that, the prediction of mechanical characteristics for laminated plates with GSR actuators were systematically studied from the thoroughly perspectives of electromechanical load, piezoelectric layer thickness, graphene volume fraction, and some other parameters.

Effective thermo-electric-mechanical modeling of capacitively coupled plasma in low-pressure conditions: Modeling and application in dry etching

In semiconductor dry etching process, capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) is widely used in low-pressure environments. However, the kinetics of species particles in low-pressure conditions are different from the general environments. Traditional continuum models are popular in industry due to their simplicity, but they struggle to account for the kinetics of particles in low-pressure conditions. Although particle-in-cell (PIC) modeling is suitable for simulating the behavior of a single particle, it is difficult to perform such industrial simulations due to the high computational cost. To account for both kinetics and engineering applicability, this study presents an effective thermo-electric-mechanical modeling structure of CCP at low-pressure conditions. This modeling structure includes balance laws of continua derived from the global energy equilibrium containing thermal, electric and mechanical energies. The ion momentum, which is ignored in traditional plasma continuum models, is considered in the balance laws, and electron energy distributions are obtained by solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain the properties of electron transport. In addition, the model variables are calculated based on mixed kinetic theory accounting for the fraction of each species. The results of the proposed modeling are compared to those of a PIC model to validate its ability to describe the distribution of electrons with respect to pressure conditions. Based on the proposed numerical formulations, this study built a MATLAB-based program to guide the design of a screen baffle in dry etching equipment. This program captures the critical aspects of the practical application of screen baffle design in the context of the dry etching process. The results of this paper showed that the proposed model can be applied to engineering applications under low-pressure conditions.

Electrochemical stability of metal nanoparticles: The role of size-distribution broadness

In this article, we develop a thermodynamic and an electrochemical kinetic model to study the stability of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) supported on an inert substrate and in contact with an electrolyte. Regardless of the model, we find that the redox potential is a property of the entire MNPs’ size distribution, which has to be characterized by, at least, its mean and variance. The thermodynamic model, which considers only the excess free energy due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio on MNPs, predicts an increase in surface effects as the size distribution becomes broader. On the other hand, the electrochemical kinetic approach models the MNPs as reactive systems considering the changes in the heterogeneous-rate constants due to surface effects. This allows the use of the mixed potential theory to evaluate the electrode potential, which would be experimentally accessible, showing a tendency contrary to that predicted by the thermodynamic model for closed systems. Then, the electrochemical boundary conditions –i.e., charge conservation- have to be considered rather than just the thermodynamic criteria. Also, it is analyzed under which circumstances the charge-transfer processes control the electrode potential, instead of mass-transfer. Hence, it is shown that the electrochemical kinetic approach is applicable to the study of the electrochemical Ostwald ripening among many other processes.

Entropy-current for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons theories of gravity

We construct an entropy current and establish a local version of the classical second law of thermodynamics for dynamical black holes in Chern-Simons (CS) theories of gravity. We work in a chosen set of Gaussian null coordinates and assume the dynamics to be small perturbations around the Killing horizon. In explicit examples of both purely gravitational and mixed gauge gravity CS theories in (2 + 1) and (4 + 1)-dimensions, the entropy current is obtained by studying the off-shell structure of the equations of motion evaluated on the horizon. For the CS theory in (2 + 1) dimensions, we argue that the second law holds to quadratic order in perturbations by considering it as a low energy effective field theory with the leading piece given by Einstein gravity. In all such examples, we show that the construction of entropy current is invariant under the reparameterization of the null horizon coordinates. Finally, extending an existing formalism for diffeomorphism invariant theories, we construct an abstract proof for the linearised second law in arbitrary Chern-Simons theories in any given odd dimensions by studying the off-shell equations of motion. As a check of consistency, we verify that the outcome of this algorithmic proof matches precisely with the results obtained in explicit examples.

Symmetry Breaking: A Classic Example of Quantum Interference Captured by Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory.

The phenomena of propensity and inverse propensity are explored using time-dependent mixed quantum classical theory, MQCT, in which the rotational motion of the molecule is treated quantum mechanically, whereas the scattering process is described classically. Good agreement with the results of accurate full-quantum calculations is reported for a closed shell approximation to the NO + Ar system. It is shown that MQCT reproduces both phenomena in a broad range of the final states of the molecule and for various initial rotational states, offering a unique time-dependent insight. It permits seeing that both propensity and inverse propensity occur due to efficient depopulation of some states at the early postcollisional stage of the scattering process, when the molecule exists in a coherent superposition of many excited states that span a very broad range of angular momentum quantum numbers, populated by an efficient stepladder process of many consecutive transitions with small Δj.

Analyzing The Advantages of User-generated Content Advertising Platform: A Case Study on Little Red Book

With the introduction of Web 2.0, internet users have become targets of information dissemination. Advertising based on user-generated content (UGC) has gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of the Little Red Book. Using Little Red Book as a case study, relevant data on UGC and the Little Red Book platform over the past five years, along with the 4Ps factors of marketing mix theory, were applied to analyze the three primary reasons why Little Red Book successfully occupied a large share of the UGC market and to provide three recommendations. First, Little Red Book's user verticality is high, accurately positioning the female market and the middle-to-upper-class demographic. Suggest increasing the number of users, penetrating a "shrinking market," and developing the economy. Second, Little Red Book UGC advertising is driven by content quality, which is advantageous for brand image formation. Propose establishing an online e-commerce business and a commercial closed-loop. Lastly, the UGC advertising investment cost for Little Red Book is low, and the return rate is high. It is advised to standardize the advertising pricing mechanism, increase the KOL threshold, and establish a brand cooperation system in collaboration with MCN.

Analysis of Walmarts Marketing Strategy in the Context of New Retail

With continuous innovation and wide application of technologies such as the Internet and big data, the Internet economy has flourished, laying the foundation for the transformation of physical retailing to new retailing. The main advantage of new retailing lies in the combination of the quality experience of physical stores with the high efficiency of online retailing, which points the way for the development of the retail industry. Taking Walmart Company, a world-renowned retail industry giant, as a case study, the paper adopts the 7PS marketing mix theory to study the current marketing situation of Walmart Company. The research found that Walmart has problems such as unreasonable packaging and display of some products and an inefficient logistics supply chain. To this end, this paper proposes optimization solutions including the improvement in product quality, the investment in intelligent information technology, and the construction of a centralized supply chain management model.