Military Servicemen Research Articles

Трудный путь к диагнозу при наследственных полисистемных заболеваниях на примере клинического случая

Наследственные заболевания часто бывают полисистемными вследствие плейотропного действия генов. Примеров можно привести много: болезнь Вильсона-Коновалова, синдром Марфана, многие нервно-мышечные заболевания. Одно из таких заболеваний - мышечная дистрофия Эмери-Дрейфуса (МДЭД). Описан клинический случай, когда диагноз был поставлен юноше только в 18 лет. Недостаточная осведомлённость врачей о наследственных заболеваниях с повышенным риском развития внезапной сердечной смерти приводит к их запоздалой диагностике или фатальному исходу на фоне высоких нагрузок какие часто бывают у спортсменов, военнослужащих срочной службы. Hereditary diseases are often polysystemic due to the pleiotropic action of genes. There are many examples: Wilson-Konovalov disease, Marfan syndrome, many neuromuscular diseases. One of these diseases is Emery-Dreyfus muscular dystrophy (DMED). A clinical case is described when the boy was diagnosed only at the age of 18. The lack of awareness of doctors about hereditary diseases with an increased risk of SCD leads to their extremely late diagnosis or fatal outcome amid high loads, which are often the case with athletes and military servicemen. It is necessary to significantly expand the training program in residency and on the cycles of improvement of doctors in the direction of hereditary diseases in each specialty.

Obtainment of a military profession among the conscripted military personnel: basic channels

The object of this research is the military-professional orientation of military personnel as a trend in the development of human resource potential of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The subject of this research is the military-professional orientation of the conscripted military servicemen in the system of military-political work of a military unit. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the peculiarities of military-professional orientation of conscripts and the pedagogical system designated for ensuring the development of human resource potential of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation through enlistment recruits with a strong military-professional orientation. Special attention is given to the fact that collective and individual forms of work, personality development processes within the pedagogical system are profoundly individual, so are the needs of professional self-determination. The main conclusions consist in formulation of measures for ensuring an adequate choice of channel for obtaining military profession by each military serviceman, as well as maximally improved preparation for the fulfillment of their professional plans. In solution of this problem, the necessary individualization of military-professional orientation of the conscripts is achieved. The author's special contribution consists in the description of the key channels for obtaining military profession by the those conscripted by the Armed Forced of the Russian Federation; as well as in substantiation of the task of pedagogical support in selection and fulfillment of the channel for obtaining profession in military professional orientation. The novelty of this research lies in the development of essential and substantive characteristics of military professional orientation based on the relevant trends in development of the theory and practice of professional orientation.

Психические расстройства у ветеранов локальных войн, перенесших черепно-мозговую травму

Обследовано 264 ветерана локальных войн, прошедших лечение в психиатрических отделениях военного госпиталя. В группы сравнения включались военнослужащие кадра и запаса, не принимавшие участия в боевых действиях. В первую группу (296 чел.) включались все пациенты, проходившие лечение в психиатрических отделениях госпиталя в 1999 году. Вторая группа сравнения (125 чел.) комплектовалась таким образом, чтобы соответствовать не только среднему возрасту, но и кривой распределения возраста основной группы. Проведено сравнение клинических проявлений психических расстройств в связи с травмой головного мозга с преобладанием неврозоподобной симптоматики (56 человек) и диагностированных у ветеранов невротических расстройств (51 пациент).Органические психические расстройства в связи травмой головного мозга были диагностированы у 80 ветеранов (30,3%), тогда как у пациентов из 1-й и 2-й групп сравнения они диагностировались лишь в 22 (7,4%) и 15 (12%) случаев соответственно. Во всех трех группах преобладали психопатологические синдромы непсихотического уровня, диагностированные почти с равной частотой. В 1-й группе сравнения незначительно чаще диагностировались психотические расстройства и деменция, что может быть связано с возрастом. Главной особенностью проявлений болезни у ветеранов, в отличие от других групп пациентов, оказалось наличие симптомов стрессовых расстройств. У них выявлялись «комбатантные» изменения личности (30%) и симптомы повторного переживания психической травмы. Симптомы повышенной реактивности или возбудимости у ветеранов встречались также часто, как у других пациентов. Однако у ветеранов повышенная возбудимость часто сочеталась с типичными изменениями личности и агрессивным поведением. Сравнение органических психических расстройств в связи с травмой головного мозга с диагностированными у ветеранов невротическими расстройствами, показало то, что у них преобладают схожие по тяжести и психопатологическим проявлениям синдромы.

Substantiation of directions of development and improvement of the system of staffing of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the ordinary, non-commissioned staff

This article examines and analyzes the basic directions of development and improvement of the system of manning of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the sergeants (and other enlisted grades) , based on the experience gained and on analysis of manning systems of the leading countries of the world. In Ukraine, with the onset of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, the tasks assigned to the personnel services and military commissariats required rapid response and aimed at implementing mobilization deployment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
 
 
 
 
 126
 
 
 
 
 To date, the main focus on staffing the Armed Forces of Ukraine is the priority of providing operational (tactical) grouping of troops to contracted military servicemen to accomplish tasks during the operation of the Joint Forces and further readiness of the troops (forces) to repel the armed aggression. At the same time, an important issue to resolve is the recruitment of a professional sergeant (and other enlisted grades) for the military service, with the encouragement of military personnel to prolong their military service. The article describes the reasons that may deter citizens from joining the military service and ways to resolve this issue.
 Particular attention in the article is devoted to the work of recruiting units, which provide selection for contracted military service using the latest selection technologies and techniques. The importance of the practical activity of the territorial recruitment and social support centers for the instructors of the recruiting and recruitment departments is also considered.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВПЛИВУ ЗДАТНОСТІ ДО САМОРЕГУЛЯЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ ЕКСТРЕМАЛЬНИХ ВИДІВ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НА УСПІШНІСТЬ ЇХ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

The article defines one of the leading psychological problems – ability of the experts in extreme activity for self-regulation. It proves necessity to conduct experimental verification of it among the military servicemen in combat areas. It regards the researchers’ views at understanding the ability of the special units representatives to regulate their own psychological states in extreme situations. It shows the results of using testing techniques to establish ability to psychological self-regulation of the operational-tactical level training.It also demonstrates statistical link between performance on special subjects and practical training with the test results, showing the level of psychological self-regulation of the officer-students as woul-be experts in extreme activities.

Development of cadets’ power qualities during the CrossFit system training

The article investigates the influence of the CrossFit system classes on the level and dynamics of the development of cadets’ power qualities in the process of training at a higher military educational institution (HMEI). The study involved cadets of the 1st-4th years (n=40) of the Odessa Military Academy, who were divided into experimental (EG, n=20) and control (CG, n=20) groups. EG cadets trained in the academy’s crossfit section, CG cadets trained according to the traditional physical training system at HMEI.
 Among the advantages of the CrossFit system are: the lack of equipment costs; a short period of time is required to do a set of exercises; a possibility of organizing outdoor training, in a gym, within a limited space; a possibility of organizing training with a large group of servicemen; a wide range of exercises eliminates the adaptation to the same type of physical load; a possibility of conducting training sessions with military servicemen with different levels of physical fitness.
 Analysis of the development of cadets’ power qualities was carried out according to the following exercises: pull-up, lifting by coup, lifting by strength on the crossbar, 24 kg kettlebell snatch, push-up on the parallel bars. It was found that that the level of power qualities development among cadets who trained according to the CrossFit system was significantly (p˂0.05) better at senior years of study than among cadets who trained according to the traditional physical training system. This allows us to argue about the need to implement crossfit means in the various forms of physical training of cadets of the academy in order to increase their physical readiness for future professional activities.

Проблемы и направления совершенствования судебной защиты прав и законных интересов военнослужащих и иных граждан в сфере обороны и безопасности Российской Федерации

Проблемы и направления совершенствования судебной защиты прав и законных интересов военнослужащих и иных граждан в сфере обороны и безопасности Российской Федерации

VIOLENT CRIME OF MILITARY SERVICEMEN (notion, SIGNS, CLASSIFICATION)

The article deals with the basic scientific approaches that exist in criminal law and criminology to define the concept and signs of violent crime. The author identifies the main criminological signs of this type of crime. Such signs are: intentional nature of the act; increased social danger; the object of criminal violent encroachment is public relations, which provide for the physical well-being of individuals (life and health) protected by criminal law; methods of encroachment can be in the form of both physical and mental abuse; conflict is based on interpersonal relationships between the perpetrator and the victim. Military violent crimes are also distinguished by the fact that they simultaneously affect the life and health of the individual and the established order of military service. The subject of these crimes is also peculiar. In the article the author defines the notion of violent crime of military servicemen. It is emphasized that although these crimes are qualified under the general rules of the legislation of criminal responsibility, they do have their separate criminological characteristics, which should be taken into account when carrying out preventive activities. Methods: Dialectical, dogmatic, formal-legal, systemic-structural and separate sociological methods of scientific research were used in the preparation of the article. The dialectical method made it possible to formulate the author's notion of violent crime by military servicemen. Dogmatic and formal-legal methods have been used in the analysis of the content of criminal and other branches of law, which provide for the establishment of various types of legal responsibility for unlawful violent forms of behavior of military servicemen, as well as in the development of proposals for improving the current legislation in the field of prevention of violent offences of military servicemen. The systemic-structural method has been applied in the classification of criminal violence, violent crimes of military personnel, perpetrators of military violent crimes. Sociological methods have made it possible to obtain and process scientifically important sociological information about the state of crime made by military servicemen and perpetrators of military crimes. Results and conclusions. It is established that violent crimes of military servicemen have their own separate criminological characteristics and differ from other violent crimes by features of the offender's personality, motivation, determination and other criminological features. These features should be taken into account in the development and implementation of measures of general-social, special-criminological and individual preservation of this type of crimes.

Проблемы развития культуры межнационального общения военнослужащих

Проблемы развития культуры межнационального общения военнослужащих

Study of Indicators of Nervous-Psychological Resistance and Social Maturity in Military Servants During the Message of Psycho

The article is devoted to theoretical and empirical research, important personal characteristics of servicemen: neuropsychological stability and socio-psychological maturity, which are the focus of psychological influence by the psychologist of the military unit at all major stages of military activity from conscription to discharge. The article empirically examines the system of relationships between indicators of neuropsychological stability, socio-psychological maturity and social relations in military servicemen at the stages of adaptation and performance of tasks. A correlation analysis was performed, according to Pearson, with indicators of neuropsychological stability, social maturity and the quality of relationships with the immediate social environment. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was found that social maturity is directly related to the quality of social relations in a serviceman, both in the family and in the military, and tends to increase during military service. The level of stability of neuropsychological stability associated with the growth of social maturity due to the reflex component. The servicemen performing the assigned tasks have a positive dynamics of increasing the level of social maturity due to the reflexive and moral component, which indicates their personal and professional growth due to organized psychological support. The tasks and the expected result of psychological support at the stages of adaptation and performance of tasks as assigned are determined. The main vectors of psychological influence on the part of a military psychologist are indicated. to increase the level of neuropsychological stability and socio-psychological maturity in the military.

Прогноз суицидального поведения у обучающихся в военно-учебном заведении

Study Objective: To develop a mathematical model for predicting suicide risk in students at military academies. Study Design: This was a comparative prospective study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-three students at the Naval Polytechnic Institute, a subdivision of the Naval Academy named for the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsov, participated in the study. Assessment of the participants was done with the following tools: “The Ratio of Value and Accessibility in Various Areas of Life,” “Self-reflection Test,” “Semantic Differential,” “Military Occupational Aptitude,” and the “Mental Well-being Scale” questionnaire. Discriminative analysis was done to develop a mathematical model for predicting suicide risk. Study Results: Participants at high risk for suicide had scores for their personal emotional attitude towards the concepts “military service” and “ego ideal” that were lower by a statistically significant margin (p<0.05), and higher levels of self-reflection. In addition, more of them had intrapsychic conflict. The combination of these psychological characteristics was a risk factor for suicidal behavior in these military academy students. Conclusion: An informative model for predicting suicide risk in naval academy students was created, using discriminant modelling. Keywords: suicide risk, prediction, officer trainee, semantic differential, military servicemen

Особенности эмоционального выгорания у офицеров силовых структур с различным сроком службы

This work focuses on the problem of burnout syndrome in officers of power structures. The following parameters are studied in the research: emotional and mental stability and volitional behavior control. These play a role in the creation of the syndrome and influence the success of combat missions carried out by the military personnel. Key areas were identified in studying the personality characteristics of power structures officers with various times of service. Officers of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation took part in the study. The average age of the test subjects was 38 years. The results of the empirical examination are presented. It was aimed to find how one's emotional and mental stability, volitional behavior control and emotional burnout correlate. We have confirmed that the burnout level of a military serviceman with any length of service depends on his/hey emotional and mental stability and volitional behavior control. The findings of the study we performed can serve as foundation for preventive and psychological-interventional programming for power structures officers.

Psycho-Semantic Reconstruction of Psychological Risk Readiness Perceptions by the National Guard of Ukraine Servicemen

The article presents the results of a study of the views of military servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine on psychological readiness to take risks. To achieve the goal of the study, the authors used the psycho-semantic method. The methods of the specialized semantic differential are chosen by the psychological tool of the psycho-semantic method. The semantic differential has been has made it possible to evaluate the subjective aspects of the meaning of the concept of “psychological readiness for risk” associated with the meaning, stereotypes, social attitudes. Officers represent a soldier who is psychologically prepared for the risk, as follows. This person is trying to achieve a successful result under any circumstances, independent from management or subordinates, relying only on his own strength, showing determination and self-confidence, professionally trained, observant and emotionally stable. Contract servicemen believe that a psychologically prepared for the risk of a soldier can make quick and deliberate decisions, has lots of stamina and strong-willed person, honest and patriotic. This soldier acts deliberately and carefully, not allowing his actions to harm others. Servicemen of military conscription think that a soldier who is psychologically prepared for risk is resistant to extreme factors. He has a principle, he is reliable, outgoing person, always ready to offer the help of his comrades and people around him. This soldier is satisfied with his profession and proud that serves just in the National Guard of Ukraine.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ


 
 
 
 The efficiency of meeting the needs of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine directly depends on financial planning, which includes: correct identifying of the needs and ensuring timely and efficient use of the funds specified by law. It is determined that the level of financing of the Ukrainian Armed Forces is insufficient and adversely affects the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them.The article defines the dynamics of defense expenditures from the State Budget of Ukraine, as well as their share of the volume of domestic gross product. A comparative analysis of the structure of budget expenditures of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and NATO countries is carried out. It was proved that the current structure of the state budget expenditures does not allow to satisfy fully the needs of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and provide military servicemen with their social guarantees.The forecast of financial support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on general and special funds till 2023 is presented. In course of conducted research, the following scientific methods were used: modeling – to determine the projected financial support for the Armed Forces of Ukraine; economic and statistical – to assess the dynamics of defense expenditures; analysis and synthesis – to find out the reasons for the change in the structure of expenditures; tabular and graphical – to represent the results of the study; abstract-logical – in implementation of theoretical and methodological conclusions.
 
 
 

Community «soviet people» as the universal political identity of the Soviet Citizens

The article includes multivariate approaches to the interpretation of definitions identification and identity. Differentiation these concepts based on the conclusion that identity is understood as a certain state of the end result of self-identification. And by identification is meant the process that leads to identity as a state and is an identification of oneself with another person. Also we clarified the definition of political identification as a process of becoming an individual’s perception of himself and his place in the world. The study characterized the significance of the manifestation of a two-stage identity and antinomy structure in the process of political identification of society. In addition, the research assessed the impact of the political regime on identification capabilities. For example, in a democracy identification is translational, in an authoritarianism identification can be restricted by the state or imposed by leadership and influence groups. Under totalitarianism the state empowers itself to exercise a decisive collective choice in matters of political identification of the population without receiving their official consent and disregarding their preference. Moreover, the investigation considered in detail the process of forming a Soviet society based on the creation of a new historical community of the «Soviet people» as a supranational construct. The advantage of research is in detection of number of measures which used by the Soviet authorities concerning identify the «Soviet people» for the consolidation and unification of the population of the country (creation of a new format of Soviet schools and public movements characterized by ideological indoctrination and fostering devotion to the Soviet state, the restoration of symbiosis in a heterogeneous society through the territorial distribution of young professionals and men for military service, the formation of centers of interethnic contacts, relaying of unifying discourse through the media, creating «single national farms»). In the context of the study of the causes of the collapse of the USSR, we found that ignoring differences and forced identification, which was imposed by the ideological top of the USSR, only delayed the confrontation process both within society and with the political leadership of the country. Also, we have characterized causal relationship between compulsory identification and the collapse of the USSR. To sum up we can say that universalism in the approach to the formation of new supranational constructs without taking into account the universal system-forming factors of the nation has shown its non-viability in the long-term development of society and the state. As a result the historical community artificially created, which was based on forced collectivization and on proclaimed «cult of the people», and later on propagation didn`t become a viable social formation, which gave rise to a further crisis of identification, which provoked the growth of national-democratic tendencies.

Protective immunity against hepatitis B virus infection in a group of vaccinated Sri Lankan military service men following a complete course of vaccination.

Vaccination is the appropriate measure to protect military personnel against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Testing the military personnel for anti-HBs levels after vaccination is vital in re-vaccinating those that have not developed protective immunity. The aim of the current study was to determine the immunity in a group of vaccinated Sri Lankan military personnel (n = 150; age = 26-44years) following a complete course of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccination by assessing the antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) levels. Three months after the last dose of the vaccination, blood samples were collected from the study population and tested for anti-HBs levels using a commercially available ELISA. Of the 150 military service men tested, 139 (92.67%) had anti-HBs levels higher than 10mIU/mL, WHO approved levels for protective immunity against HBV infection. Of the 139 that had sufficient anti-HBs levels, 24% (36/150) had anti-HBs levels between 10 and 100mIU/mL and 68.67% (103/150) had anti-HBs levels > 100mIU/mL. Overall, 7.33% (11/150) participants had anti-HBs levels < 10mIU/mL. Sero-conversion to > 10mIU/mL anti-HBs was more than 90% in those that were less than 40years of age and it was less than 90% in those that were more than 40years of age.

Mobilizing civilians into high-risk forms of violent collective action

We consider whether prior political activism increases the likelihood of engaging in higher-risk forms of violent collective action. We test our hypothesis in the context of the 2014 Euromaidan and subsequent separatist violence in Eastern Ukraine. In the aftermath of the Euromaidan protests, the Ukrainian government began a widespread campaign to mobilize young men for military service against separatist movements in the Donbas region amid escalating tensions with Russia. In July 2014, we survey young men who were volunteering to join the Ukrainian military’s counterinsurgency efforts and compare them to other young men who live in the same community but had not volunteered. Using a case control study design, we interviewed 100 young men who reported to a local Ukrainian army recruitment station in Kharkiv, a city in Eastern Ukraine which was an important center for military recruitment efforts. We compared them to 100 other young men who lived in the same communities, received recruitment notices, but had chosen not to report. Military recruits were sampled by cluster-sampling at the recruitment station, with random selection of recruits by cluster. Civilian males were sampled by random route in the vicinity of the recruitment station. When comparing survey responses between recruits and civilians, we find strong linkages between prior Euromaidan participation and military mobilization. Our results are robust to controls for parochial ethnocentrism and mere support for Euromaidan goals. Maidan participation and military mobilization are also correlated with a strong sense of self-efficacy, optimism, risk tolerance, patriotic nationalism, and feelings of in-group solidarity with protesters and the military. These correlates illustrate plausible mechanisms for how individuals could transition to increasingly higher-cost, higher-risk forms of collective action.

Long-Term Sustained Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorders Among Veterans: A Grounded Theory Investigation

This grounded theory study explored veterans’ conceptualization of recovery and factors contributing to establishing and maintaining long-term recovery among veterans. Alcohol misuse is a significant health challenge resulting in negative consequences across multiple dimensions. Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) are a significant problem in the general population, but they are even more prevalent among active duty military service men and women as well as veterans. Participants were nine veterans averaging 27.9 years in recovery. Six major themes emerged from veteran interviews including: (1) early negative life experiences, (2) early exposure and access to alcohol, (3) alcohol filled a need, (4) enabling of drinking behaviors in the military, (5) early recovery experiences, and (6) later recovery experiences. Veterans defined recovery as total abstinence and enhancement of quality of life. Implications for future research, exploration of deficits in recovery models, veteran-specific clinical practice, and the effect of trauma on the initiation of AUD in veterans and long-term recovery is discussed.

SOCIAL ADAPTATION AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY

Dynamic changes in security environment pose serious challenges to military servicemen, discharged for one or another reason from military service, and their families. With transferring from the military to the civil sociumin their conditions of life, occur some essential changes, affecting various aspects of life: geography of the service and residence, living conditions, nature of activity, social status, level of claims to a new life, prospects for further development, circle of socialization, etc.

ANALYSIS OF THE BULGARIAN EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF SERVICEMEN, DISCHARGED FROM MILITARY SERVICE

Tracing the practice up to now, it is noteworthy that the attention of all organizations and institutions concerned with social adaptation of servicemen, discharged from military service, in the initial period of the 90s of last century, when in the structures of the Ministry of Defense drastic reforms were carried out, accompanied by a reduction of the staff,was initially focused only on goals for organization of the re-training (re-qualification) and job settling of servicemen, passing in the reserve. This is confirmedby the very legislation, as far as such can be considered existing in this period. The very names of the various documents suggest that at this stage the task of a comprehensive approach to solving the problem was not set. The specialist in given area, at the beginning of their activity believe, that the opprtunity of passing retraining in civil specialty allows the discharged from military service serviceman to getdecent work in civil life.