Migration Processes In Ukraine Research Articles

SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF EMPLOYEES – MIGRANTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

Introduction. The human resources management system has long laid down the basic principles, methods and approaches to managing the adaptation of workers in the workplaces. However, experience shows that they are not always effective and relevant today. First, this is due to strong migration processes in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union (EU). Many people are forced to voluntarily or forcibly change their place of residence and, accordingly, their place of work. Their movement often causes not only the deterioration of working conditions, the manipulation of social funds and wages etc., but also the increase of the level of conflict situations in new territories, personal stresses, and manifestations of intolerance. It often leads to violations of discipline in the workplace, the increase of the number of law offenses, strikes, mass discontent etc. This situation requires an urgent solution, which has been repeatedly emphasized by European programs and projects, in particular, by the Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation. Subject. The subject of the article is the social adaptation of migrant workers. Purpose. The article aims to study the problems of social adaptation of migrant workers, to substantiate the reasons for the urgency of solving these problems and to develop recommendations for improving the processes of social adaptation of migrant workers at domestic enterprises. Method (methodology). In this research, we have used the following methods: method of comparison, method of analysis, method of generalization, method of expert evaluations, method of questionnaires, method of grouping, method of key queries etc. Results. This article recommends a number of measures in order to improve adaptation systems as well as indicators for assessing the level of adaptation of migrant workers at domestic enterprises. Among them, we can distinguish the general time of adaptation, the amount of money spent on the adaptation of migrant workers, the level of satisfaction of the migrant worker during a certain period of time, the assessment professional adaptation and the number of activities required to adapt the migrant worker. Field of application. The scope of application is domestic enterprises and public organizations.

Чинники та наслідки міграційного руху в Україні.

In the article the author investigates the factors and implications of the migration movement in Ukraine. It is established that the main problems of migration in Ukraine are: the prevalence of illegal labor migration; increase of volumes of long-term labor migration; increasing the participation of young people in domestic and international migration; an increase in the number of inhabitants from the northern, eastern and central Ukraine, which are characterized by a higher level of readiness for long-term emigration (the psychological side – as those who have already made the first step to this, the economic premise – the loss of real estate, work, stable income, etc.); increasing negative socio-economic and demographic consequences. In the article systematized the main factors influencing the migration movement in Ukraine in two periods – 2010-2014 and 2014-2017. The factors influencing the content are differentiated in groups: demographic, socio-economic, socio-psychological, normative, legal, political, for each group of factors the consequences of migration processes for the country are determined. It was proved that in 2010-2014 the factors influencing the migration movement were: the gradual reduction of life expectancy at the background of a low standard of living, poor living conditions and wages, professional and qualitative imbalance in the country’s labor market, low level of satisfaction with quality and standard of living in the country, ineffective system of public administration, insecurity from abuse of power structures, and in 2014-2017, factors such as: feeling insecurity and uncertainty in the future against the background of a loss of a stable life the sense of manifestations of social isolation by internally displaced persons, despondency to state support, imperfect and untimely decisions on the protection of the sovereignty of the state and support of internally displaced persons, low level of national security. In order to address the specific problems inherent in the migration processes in Ukraine, in the article proposes directions for improving the existing migration policy.

Development of educational migration in Ukraine

The article studies the historical development of educational migration processes in Ukraine. It processes the classification of educational migration in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. It also suggests measures that should be implemented to prevent significant educational immigration from Ukraine. It also determines that the prerequisite for the educational migration is the desire of an individual to get certain education, which can be classified in terms of desired level of qualification, professional specialization, directions, methods and ways of getting education and the desired result. It is noted that a specific feature of educational migration is its impact not only on the profitability of the educational sector (or a particular university), but also on the economy of the country (region) that provides educational services in general. In addition, the consumers of educational services are a potential workforce of corresponding qualifications. In order to define characteristic features of educational migration from Ukraine, it was necessary to identify individual characteristics of such transferences; that is why classification of educational migration was done in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. To maintain and expand the reproduction of intellectual potential, it was suggested to use effective measures of educational and migration policy that would quickly adapt to the changes in the global economic environment. It is necessary to apply the mechanisms which could establish systematic movement of intelligence, capital, and information in two mutually symmetrical directions (into Ukraine and out of Ukraine). It is necessary to strengthen the competitive advantages of Ukraine in science, education and high technologies.

THE INTERNALLY MIGRANT STUDENTS’ ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF UNIVERSITY BY MEANS OF TRAINING ACTIVITIES

The article deals with the problem of the internally migrant students’ adaptation to the environment of university by means of training activities. The various aspects of support for internally displaced youth have been analyzes in the article. The most effective forms, methods and means of educational activity in higher educational institutions are considered. The authors underlines in the article that the Students involved in educational activities feel comfortable in the new student community and realizing themselves in their own projects and programs.Involvement of internally displaced persons in the arsenal of various forms of educational activities helps to overcome the obstacles encountered by settlers. In the course of the research and the questionnaire survey, we identified two key groups of such difficulties, in particular: the educational and organizational difficulties that arise when organizing the educational process in higher education and organizing the life of a student outside the university; psychological difficulties that manifest themselves in increasing the rate of emotional excitement, anxiety, neuroticism; reducing communicability, emotional stability, self-control, etc.An effective means of adapting internally displaced persons to the university's educational environment is educational activity that allows the settler to feel fit in the new student community, make a personal contribution to solving social problems and overcome the difficulties associated with forced migration processes in Ukraine.

Possibilities of community social work in the process of internally displaced persons inclusion into the new territorial communities

Socio-psychological adaptation of the displaced persons to the conditions of host communities and, concordantly, search of the tools for their successful inclusion into a new social environment is considered to be one of the burning issues in the context of the migration processes in Ukraine in 2014–2017. In this article the possibilities of the implementation of different social work models with the communities aimed at integration of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) into the new territorial communities are justified. The fundamental principle that should be considered by a social worker-services provider lies in maintaining a balance between the person and the environment, as well as understanding that a new environment may become both the source of stress and desadaptation, and the resource in the problem solving process. Implementation of the “local development” model allows to intensify public initiatives, and to consider the IDPs interests together with the interests of the host communities in their attempts to find solutions of common problems. Implementation of the “social action” model is connected with engaging the IDPs into active advocacy of their own rights, drawing attention to unresolved problems, and establishing a dialogue with the authorities. The “social planning” model allows to focus on building a network between displaced persons, state social services, and NGOs for the sake of high quality services provision to the IDPs.

FACTORS INFLUENCING ON UKRAINIAN LABOR`S MIGRATION WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article presents factors influencing on the Ukrainian labor`s migration within conditions of European integration. We denoted the impact factors on migration processes in Ukraine within conditions of European integration. This analysis allows to work out measures for improving migration policy, and as a result � economical growth of the country. We defined the causes and effects. We traced the Ukrainian migration flows into the international economy. The impact factors of Ukrainian labor migration abroad within conditions of European integration in the current political and economic situation are the demographic situation, the unemployment rate, the rate of wages, migration policy, the political situation in Ukraine and in the world as well. We established the impact direction of each factor on the dynamics for the number of working migrators. So, in particular, the reduction and ageing of the population in the EU countries; the presence of hidden unemployment in Ukraine; the problems of youth employment after graduation; the excess of the EU countries� wages in 3-5 times over Ukraine`s wages; the absence of specific activity in Ukraine aimed at repatriation of Ukrainians, and, on the contrary, the presence of such activity in foreign countries; political instability in Ukraine are all factors that contribute increasing of Ukrainian migrants� number to the EU.

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION: EUROPEAN AND UKRAINIAN SPECIAL ASPECTS

Urgency of the research. The relevance of the European integration processes and their impact on the labour potential is not called into question. Therefore, the study of the special aspects of migration flows in Ukraine and the attributes of their display in the euro area is very important at the moment. Target setting. The study of migration flows is an important trend of economic and social development of the country. The well-being of the nation, economic, political and social situation in the country will depend on the country's capacity to control the migratory pressure. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The scientific works of L. Shaulska., S. Fomishyn. G. Sereda, M. Zub, B. Lyudkevych and others the issues of international migration and its features are elucidate. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The migration processes in Ukraine in the context of European integration haven't still got sufficient theoretical and practical solutions. The research objective. The study aims at exploring theoretical and practical aspects of Ukraine's labour migration policy of Ukraine under conditions of the European integration. The statement of basic materials. The article proves the basic directions of the influence of European integration processes on the labour potential of the country in the context of its component structures. The process of labour migration can acquire menacing proportions, if the proportion of skilled labour migrants in the total population increases disproportionately. The author has studied specific features of the international labour potential migration are also worth noticing. Conclusions. The question of effective cooperation with European countries arise before Ukraine, as it should be aimed at obtaining benefits on the development of the component structure of the labour potential, as well as mitigating the limiting effects of the European integration processes on the labour potential through the significant demographic and intellectual losses due to the much better working conditions in European countries.

Peculiarities of migration processes in Ukraine

After disintegration of the USSR there were created fifteen sovereign states on post-Soviet space. Therefore after proclamation of the independence of Ukraine, scales of migratory processes became significant, what caused spread of massive flows of refugees, repatriates, seekers of asylum etc. Contemporary migratory tendencies make a considerable influence on formation of national politics. Thus, under the conditions of globalization the main tendency in international relationships became migration of labour force. It is caused by different reasons, which become widely-spread both in Ukraine and in the world. Significant growth of intensity of international migration of labour resources on the whole territory of our state makes a great influence on its economic and social development. This causes the necessity to make a profound research of migratory processes in Ukraine. Every person and citizen has a right for freedom of movement. Given right is a basis of migratory law. External migration from Ukraine increased significantly from the moment of proclamation of independence of our state. Among its main reasons are considerable reduction of the level and quality of life of population at the beginning of 1990s, appearance of massive unemployment and herewith simplification of the procedure of exit abroad and change of the place of residence, which became a consequence of democratization of society. At present a big quantity of the citizens of Ukraine works abroad, what is first of all connected with the following important problems in Ukraine: absence of available market of housing, real possibilities of employment, high level of social protection, what leads to growth of unemployment, ineffective politics of employment. Ukrainians often move abroad primarily because of low profits, condition of quality of life, absence of employment. The main for today is provision of free movement for everyone, who is legally on the territory of Ukraine, and promotion to follow of other rights and freedoms of person and citizen.

Демографічний та кадровий вимір міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні

Сучасна трансформація економічної системи країни призвела до структурних зрушень і у соціальному середовищі. Поширилися внутрішньодержавні та міждержавні переміщення населення та трудових ресурсів. Зростання масштабів міжнародних міграційних процесів, їх неоднозначний вплив на розвиток країн, якісні трансформації вказаного процесу визначають важливість дослідження демографічного та кадрового виміру міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні, яка належить до числа основних донорів населення.
 Мета роботи полягає у визначенні демографічного та кадрового виміру міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні. Для досягнення мети застосовано діалектичний метод наукового пізнання, а також загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи дослідження.
 Досліджено сучасний стан міграційних процесів у світовій економіці. Визначено, що у складі світової міграційної системи Україна фігурує як країна походження, транзиту та прибуття мігрантів. Проаналізовано регіональну структуру міграційних потоків у державі. Доведено, що в останні роки країна продовжує втрачати населення в результаті еміграції, і ці втрати не компенсуються імміграцією з-за кордону. Це призводить до стрімкого скорочення населення України. До того ж розглянуто проблему еміграції висококваліфікованої робочої сили з країни та визначено основні канали імміграції в країну. Один з таких каналів – освітня міграція, оскільки Україна увійшла в десятку лідерів на міжнародному ринку освітніх послуг. Обґрунтовано, що цільовим орієнтиром державної міграційної політики України має стати збереження інтелектуального потенціалу країни, для чого необхідно забезпечити виконання таких завдань: забезпечення фінансовими та матеріальними ресурсами розвитку науки та вищої освіти; повне фінансування оплати праці викладачів вищої школи, наукових працівників; розробка програми щодо збереження інтелектуального потенціалу країни; розвиток механізму стимулювання дослідної діяльності та підготовки кваліфікованих фахівців.
 Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає у розвитку та уточненні теоретико-практичних основ дослідження питань демографічного й кадрового виміру міжнародних міграційних процесів в Україні.
 Практичне значення результатів дослідження полягає в визначенні цільового орієнтира державної міграційної політики України, яким має стати збереження інтелектуального потенціалу країни.
 Участь України в міжнародній міграції кваліфікованих кадрів має передбачати еволюційний процес зближення з науково-технологічним середовищем, і цей процес потребує скорегованої дії усіх гілок влади та бізнесу, що зумовлює необхідність подальших досліджень у даному напрямку.
 Табл. 2. Бібл. 16.

Integracja rynku pracy Ukrainy z terytorialnym systemem migracji: aspekt europejski

The prospects of the labor market integration of Ukraine into the EU migration system are dis- cussed in this article. The geographical orientation of migration processes in Ukraine according to the official statistics is analyzed. Priorities in transforming negative effects of migration from Ukraine into positive ones are defined. The means of combating the formation of excessive migration losses through the formation of an attractive internal labor market and living environment, enhancing social and economic security of Ukrainian migrant citizens and creating conditions for the returning and reintegration of migrants to Ukraine, are considered.

Intellectual Migration as a Statistical Research Object

The intensification of migration processes in Ukraine, as well around the world, results from the processes of world space globalization. Characteristic features of international migration are a steady increase of its scope involving the population of practically all countries throughout the globe into the international circulation, and the rapid growth of the intellectual migration share in such circulation. The research on various components of migration processes has been presented in both domestic and foreign research scientific literature. Although science has accumulated considerable knowledge of the migration issues, it still has a rough general theoretical and methodological concept of migration processes analysis, there is no in� depth statistical analysis of labor migration processes, including insufficient focus on the research on qualified migrant labor potential. The article examines the causes and effects of intellectual migration, defines the main trends of qualified labor migration, outlines the main challenges in the field of intellectual migration and