Ukrainian Migration Research Articles

МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТРУДОВОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ

The article defines the purpose of degressive of external migration, which is to achieve the theoretical and structural balance of the request and promotion of labor force through the export and import of the labor force with the aim of ensuring the national security of the country and the realization of the constitutional rights of citizens. And also the main tasks of regulating the processes of external labor migration, including in the sphere of the export of labor force, are the main tasks and in the sphere of the implementation of the work force's main tasks. The measures of degressive of processes of external labor migration for the perspective up to 2025 are proposed. It is determined that the organizational and economic mechanism of state of processes of external labor migration in Ukraine includes such interconnected blocks: block 1 regulation of external labor migration; block 2 Science cookie; block 3 of the System of control systems for external tpdovoy migrations; Block 4 System for achieving the The proposed organizational and economic mechanism of of external labor migration implements the principle of mutual structural and functional relations of separate elements of the system of state of external labor migration. It is proposed to implement the of migration processes by means of a set of measures on the legal, legal, organizational, information provision and inter-institutional co-operation. It is offered in the framework of the Depositary Migration Program to develop a subproject that covers all aspects of this phenomenon. This sub-program should not duplicate or replace existing national target programs in the field of demo-policy, employment and migration, and only increase the scope of de-regulation to achieve the goal.

PROBLEMS OF LABOR MIGRATION IN UKRAINE

The state of labor migration in Ukraine is investigated. It is found that the number of emigrants from the Ukrainian state is constantly increasing. According to official figures, in 2018, 17.8% of the working population of Ukraine worked abroad, which is 3.2 million citizens of the country. On the whole, in the migration process, on average, from 7 to 9 million Ukrainians participate annually. All this contributes to an increase in the outflow of able-bodied Ukrainians to the European Union member states and others with a higher standard of living than in Ukraine, countries of the world; an increase in the aging population and a worsening of the demographic situation in general. The article outlines the main causes of the migration of labor force in Ukraine. Of course, Ukrainians often dare to migrate to other countries because of higher wages, legality of employment and working conditions. It is determined that «brain drain» and migration of young people are the most dangerous for the development of our country. For the most part, young people and qualified specialists abroad are engaged in exhausting physical labor, which in the future may lead to deterioration of their health. In addition, ambitious Ukrainians who were able to get a job abroad, which meets their needs (material, physical, and moral), will gradually begin to take their families to these countries. It was clarified that this problem is not only in Ukraine, but many European countries also experience a pressing problem of migration of young, skilled personnel, namely: Portugal, Italy, Spain, Greece, Hungary, Croatia, Poland, Romania, Moldova, Slovenia, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. The article deals with the positive experience of Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Moldova, and Romania in overcoming the migration crisis in the country. Using the positive experience of foreign countries, measures have been substantiated to improve the migration situation in Ukraine. In our opinion, this is an increase in wages, the provision of a full social package, medical insurance, access to social infrastructure, the ability to plan a decent pension yourself, and improve the conditions for doing your own business; and for young people, first and foremost, is access to affordable, adequate mortgage lending.

Analysis of labor migration in Ukraine and economic effects of migration

Analysis of labor migration in Ukraine and economic effects of migration

Peculiarities of the environmental creation of educational migration in Ukraine

The concept of educational migration and the societies in which it is created are defined; the main components and their features are outlined. The necessary statistical information is generated for the evaluation of the environment of creation of educational migration. The value of the factor of educational migration in the formation of analytical support system is discussed. The paper proves that in the era of freedom of knowledge movement on the European continent and development of "European Higher Education Area" (EHEA) and "European Research Area" (ERA) the processes of educational migration and academic mobility of Ukrainians are linked to job search. The notion of the educational migration and its five main components are described: the quantitative dimension of the potential of educational migration; quality of academic environment; motivational conditions; possibilities of cooperation between universities and industry in research; institutional condition in education. The author shows that the first component characterizes the educational and informational condition of forming of educational migration, the second - educational and scientific conditions, the third - socio-economic, socio-demographic, political conditions, the forth - innovative conditions, the fifth – institutional ones. The list of indexes for quantitative presentation of each component of the environment of educational migration is presented. The conclusion was made about the objective need to monitor the state of migration activity and the formation of system of informational and analytical support. The regional index of educational migration environment is suggested to be calculated.

Нейро-нечітке моделювання рівня міжнародної міграції в Україні

This article presents a new methodological approach for estimating the rate of international migration in Ukraine based on the experience of other territories and the application of neuro-fuzzy model ing. Firstly, using the results of previous studies, the factors affecting the decision of the person to migrate are determined. Following that, the most vital features found by regression- correlation analysis are used for grouping the countries into clusters in order to determine the list of states, which are similar to Ukraine with regards to migration climate. Based on the data of analogous countries, this study demonstrates the process of developing an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for modeling the migration rate in Ukraine and provides some recommendations for further research.

Розвиток міжнародних економічних зв'язків Західної України в другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст.

The article describes the main forms and channels of international economic relations of the Western Ukrainian lands during their being in Austro-Hungary state. The role of government policy in attracting foreign investment for the development of economy of the Western Ukrainian region has been clarified. The role of railway network development in the integration of Western Ukraine economy into the world commodity-cash flows is analyzed. It was noted that the northeastern regions of the empire were developed by the central government primarily in order to obtain cheap raw materials and labor, as well as to create a market for the sale of industrial goods produced by enterprises from the central regions of the empire. It is noted that the then shaped specialization of production laid the foundations for the disproportionate development of the economy of Western Ukrainian lands in the future. Generalized sectors where foreign capital participated most, in particular: railway construction, chemical, machine building, oil and refining, electricity, sawmill, woodworking and ozokerite industry, banking and wholesaling. The role of Austrian, German, American, French and English capital in the development of individual branches of economy was tracked down. It is shown that the weakness of the competitive environment and institutional mechanisms of asset capitalization, governmental patronage for large enterprises caused the emergence and accelerated development of monopolistic tendencies in the economy of the region. The main vectors of foreign trade relations of Western Ukrainian lands are analyzed and the reasons and directions of labor migration of Ukrainians in the second half of the nineteenth – beginning of the twentieth century are highlighted.

Factors of labour migration of Ukrainians into the European Union countries

У статті зазначено основні причини трудової міграції до країн Європейського Союзу. Визначено причини зростання масштабів зовнішньої трудової міграції українців до країн ЄС. Розкрито характер їхньої зайнятості та терміни перебування в країнах Європейського Союзу. Визначено та описано основні причини через які українці залишають країну в пошуках кращого життя. Зазначено зростання загроз для України через збільшення темпів міграції кваліфікованої робочої сили. Перераховано реальні канали трудової міграції в країни ЄС. Людська психологія використання правила «тут і тепер» схиляє частину громадян до пошуку роботи в ЄС через успішність такого працевлаштування їх родичів або знайомих. Масштаби зовнішньої трудової міграції свідчать про недосконалість умов для самореалізації працівників в українському суспільстві. Доказом цього є зростання кількості молодих людей, які виїжджають у пошуках роботи за кордон, а також змінюють тимчасову трудову міграцію на постійну.

Міграція українців на доіндустріальному етапі суспільного розвитку

The subject of the research is the migration history of Ukrainians at the pre-industrial stage of social development. The purpose of the article is the historical and economic analysis of migration trends and the identification of geographical vectors of the first migration flows on Ukrainian lands and the institutional factors and socioeconomic consequences of the spread of migration sentiment among the population during the period. The result of the study is the identification of features of the first migration flows in the Ukrainian territory, the classification of migration according to its causes, the identification of directions of the resettlement of Ukrainians and the consequences of emigration of Ukrainians. It was revealed that the labour migration of Ukrainians was preceded by political migration related to the regular attacks of Tatars and Turks, the fall of Kievan Rus, the loss of national statehood, the colonization of Ukrainian lands by foreign states. In spite of a number of negative consequences, the Ukrainian people received both economic benefits and qualitative progress in state-building. At the same time, labour migration led to the irreversible loss of the economically active working population, above all the peasantry, who were the most important group among Ukrainian emigrants. The main factors contributing to the labour migration of Ukrainians were similar: institutional (abolition of serfdom), demographic (reduction of mortality rate, while maintaining high fertility), socio-economic (low-income Ukrainian peasants, mass impoverishment and low standards of living), innovative infrastructure (development of the newest means of communication and large geographical discoveries) that encouraged intercountry resettlement. However, the vector of migratory flows of Ukrainians was rather diverse: Ukrainians under Austro-Hungary (Galicia, Northern Bukovina and Transcarpathian Ukraine) were covered by intercontinental migration (USA, Canada, Brazil and Argentina), while the peasants of the Left Bank and Central Ukraine migrated to the Northern Caucasus and the Far East.

Ідеалема «свій – чужий» у мовомисленні українського мігранта (на матеріалі роману А. Чапая «Понаїхали»)

The article presents linguocognitive analysis of contemporary prose work. The basis of the research methodology was the definition of three conceptual lines that represent the ideal of “one’s own – stranger” from the point of view of self-, mutual evaluation of characters. These lines are one of the varieties of textual stylistic paradigms, which are based on associative-figurative and semantic-stylistic principles (microgroups, subgroups), reflect the ideas and motives of the authorʼs language. The stylistic load of common vocabulary – names of persons by affinity, by national and ethnic origin, by occupation, by territorial origin, by color epithets is shown. The semantic-grammatical and stylistic changes in the verb “came down”, in the nouns “mother”, “orphan”, in personal and possessive pronouns are noted. Emphasis is placed on the barbarization, vulgarization of linguistic thinking of the generation of parents and children, on the linguistics of the polarization of family members by linguistic, temporal and spatial features. The concept of “Me and my world” is such a perspective from which the writer represents the migration of Ukrainians, not only in the world, but also within the internal spiritual, moral and psychological boundaries, as evidenced by the relevant metaphor in reasoning-generalizations The characters are put by the author in various natural-geographical, linguistic-cultural, economic conditions. But all migrant workers are caught by three associative-semantic lines of the ideal of “one’s own-stranger”, which are verbalized through characteristic nominative, nominally-evaluative complexes. Based on such a stylistic model A. Chapai focuses on the existence of modern Ukrainian, on the transformation of linguistic and cultural consciousness of the generation of “parents and children”.

Macroeconomic dynamics in Ukrainian middle class formation

The article considers of macroeconomic indicators dynamics that influence on the middle class formation. Analysis was performed in sufficiently deep dynamics, which allows us to form a representation about the middle class conditions formation, his becoming and directions of perspective development. The above dynamics for fairly a long time period displays almost the whole transformations picture, which appear in the macroeconomy of Ukraine. Selected statistical data depending of the population income from GDP in national currency and in US dollars are presented for conduct such an analysis. An assessment of such macro-indicators as inflation, the level of employment and unemployment, external public debt, etc. is given. Unfortunately, the considered macroeconomic dynamics in the main system-forming middle class indicators cannot be recognized as steadily increasing. But she is allows us to assert with sufficient certainty about the dialectical presence of economic prerequisites for highlighting of the population proportion, which can be attributed to the middle class. Great influence on the population income, and consequently, the middle class, is unemployment, which reflects the state of country’s socio-economic development, the availability of jobs, the quality of educational training, and others. The number of middle class in the country is directly related with migration processes. The specificity of the Ukrainian migration lies in the fact that it has become a characteristic feature of the life way for a significant part of population. The labor migration increasing is accompanied by a certain reorientation of its flows from the traditional east to the west direction. It is emphasized that a stable socio-economic growth of the country is the main factor in the middle class share increasing. The middle class formation is considered as an important criterion for the reforms effectiveness that are being carried out in the country today.

Перша розвідка з історії української трудової міграції до США: погляд з позицій сьогодення

Перша розвідка з історії української трудової міграції до США: погляд з позицій сьогодення

АНАЛІЗ ВПЛИВУ МІГРАЦІЇ НА РОЗВИТОК ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ


 
 
 The main problems that cause labor migration are reviewed. The factors that cause labor migration are examined. Information about the ways of money transfers affect the state of Ukrainian economy is provided. The experience of Ireland regarding the return of migrants is shown. Some organizational steps that can stabilize the situation with labor migration in Ukraine have been worked out. The Umigrant mobile application model for Ukrainians abroad has been developed. The Umigrant mobile application will provide migrants with easy access to reliable information about organizations and services available to them in a particular country: embassies, consulates, migration departments, hospitals and civil society organizations. It will also provide information on migration options and requirements, and will allow migrants to receive alerts on emergencies in a country or region, as well as contacts for emergency assistance.
 
 

Social and economic effects of the war conflict in Ukraine for Europe

The war conflict in the East Ukraine impacts the geopolitical security and stability of Europe and other countries of the world. So, there are the global effects of the war conflict in Ukraine. And the instability in Ukraine has its social consequences that influences the European development. The aim of the article is to identify and elaborate social effects of the war conflict in Ukraine and to get understanding of its influence on European stability, on position of Ukraine on European arena. The article has been prepared by using such methods as: analysis of Ukrainian and European research papers, comparison and generalization of the facts about war conflict in Ukraine. In the article social consequences of the war conflict in Ukraine, such as migration, unemployment, crime growth, decreasing of population and others have been studied. It has been described that social dimension of the war conflict in Ukraine has its influence on European stability and geopolitical situation, especially Ukrainian migration. At the end of the article the authors present the conclusions and the mechanism for solving the war conflict situation in Ukraine. Also, Ukraine needs an integrated approach in order to solve all economic and social problems in the country. Only integrated approach will allow to use available Ukrainian resources and advanced European experience to provide economic and social stability of the country.

Statistical analysis of labour migration processes in Ukraine

The question of monitoring of international labour migration is of great importance in the modern terms of world economy globalization. Research of dynamics and determination of character of modern migratory processes create the analytical basis of economic mechanisms forming of their adjusting at the level of state administration. The analysis of basic consequences of labour migration has been conducted in the article. Three basic problems of labour migration processes and six basic directions of international migration of labour force on the base of researches results of modern scolars have been selected. The problem of the unique system forming of data collection about labour migration has been marked during researches. The analysis of demographic situation in Ukraine is given, that allowed to define the stable tendency of the absolute diminishing of population quantity. Growth of long-term labour migration in Ukraine was installed. It is noted that beginning from 2014 crisis this process acquires the substantial acceleration. An analysis of the economic activity types, in which migrants from Ukraine work has been given. The economic and mathematic analysis of dynamics and structure of migratory processes has been offered. Functional dependences for forecast of migratory processes have been determined.

Міграція українців до Польщі як наслідок державної політики.

Nowadays, migration processes are formed under the influence of state policy and become indicators of efficiency of state institutions. This paper is the authors’ attempt to prove that migration of Ukrainian population to Poland is the result of implementation of state policy. In addition to the complex socioeconomic situation in the country, the systematic state policy of Europe and Russia in economic, education, redistribution of natural and human resources contributes to the migration of Ukrainians. The authors reveal the main trends in the migration of Ukrainians to Poland on the basis of empirical data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, sociological surveys and historical memory of Ukrainians and Poles. The precise and sound state policy of Poland and the reality of Ukraine, the inadequacy of the public policy, the war in the East and economic problems result in the increase rates and volumes of Ukrainian migration to Poland, especially labour and educational.The closest neighbours – Russia, Hungary and Poland, unlike Ukraine, have the clear state policy on attracting migrants, in particular Ukrainians, in order to replenish human capital and labour resources.Such states policies of «recipient countries» pose a threat to Ukraine’s national security and require the revision of own Ukrainian state migration policy. Ukrainian authorities demonstrate inactivity in terms of settlement of migration flows, registration of migrants abroad and development of migration policy. Despite the reform, the current economic, political and social situation leads more people to migrate. In particular, it is about labour migration, which leads to an increase in the number of illegal immigrants or emigrants with dual citizenship. The preservation of the human capital and providing sufficient opportunities for its development, and conversion into real national value is a challenge for state institutions both in Ukraine and Poland. World migration trends show an outflow of human capital to global cities and areas convenient for living. A decrease of the national population and the exhaustion of the intellectual capital of nation-states is a current trend in all countries of Eastern Europe.

Зовнішня трудова міграція в Україні на початку ХХІ століття: соціологічний вимір соціальних перспектив

Мета статті – стислий аналіз феномену української зовнішньої трудової міграції з позиції соціології, де він розглядається як складова частина соціальної системи суспільства. З’ясовано роль та значення зовнішньої трудової міграції у внутрішньому системному процесі. Наведено думку науковців і практиків щодо чинників, змісту та перспектив існування зовнішньої трудової міграції в Україні. Результатом дослідження стає авторське розуміння деяких рис можливого стану українського суспільства, яке перебуває в динамічному русі, що розпочався після подій 2014 р.
 Зроблено висновок, що збереження високих темпів міграції впродовж ще кількох років треба розглядати як головний чинник трансформації соціальної системи в Україні. Її наслідком має бути, насамперед, спрощення елементної бази соціальної системи, зменшення позитивної активності її суб’єктів, активізація процесу «некерованого хаосу» й, нарешті, слабкість системи перед натиском зовнішніх сил.

THE APPLICATION OF NON-STANDARD FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT AS MEANS OF STABILIZATION OF LABOUR MIGRATION IN UKRAINE

Urgency of the research. The rapid increase of migration flows from Ukraine threatens not only the loss of active labour potential, but also a significant decrease of the demographic potential of the country, which requires the introduction of effective measures to stabilize this process. Target setting. The solution to the problem of migration management lies in the area of improving social standards, quality of education, economic indicators, and especially the level of employment of the population. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Well - known scientists have made a significant contribution to the study of the Ukrainian migration, its causes, consequences, and possibilities of stabilization: A. Kruglashov, I. Gnybidenko, M. Romaniuk, E. Libanova, T. Lupul, O. Malynovska, V. Makar, A. Pozniak, U. Sadova, O. Sych, V. Troshchynskyi and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, the use of flexible forms of employment as a factor of the stabilization of labour migration remains out of the question. The research objective. The analysis of the causes and the vectorial orientation of the flows of labour resource potential, which give rise to the need to use non-standard forms of employment as a prerequisite for the stabilization of labour migration. The statement of basic material. The article deals with the problem of labour migration in Ukraine. The factors of influence and vectorial orientation of emigration of the population of Ukraine are analyzed. The use of non-standard forms of employment as a means of stabilizing labour migratory flows is substantiated. The model of regulation of labour migration through the prism of application of non-standard forms of employment is offered. Conclusions. A number of social and economic factors pridetermines the migratory movement from Ukraine which leads to loss of the human and professional potential of the country. In this context, the use of non-standard forms of employment is one of the effective means of stabilizing migratory flows.

Чинники та наслідки міграційного руху в Україні.

In the article the author investigates the factors and implications of the migration movement in Ukraine. It is established that the main problems of migration in Ukraine are: the prevalence of illegal labor migration; increase of volumes of long-term labor migration; increasing the participation of young people in domestic and international migration; an increase in the number of inhabitants from the northern, eastern and central Ukraine, which are characterized by a higher level of readiness for long-term emigration (the psychological side – as those who have already made the first step to this, the economic premise – the loss of real estate, work, stable income, etc.); increasing negative socio-economic and demographic consequences. In the article systematized the main factors influencing the migration movement in Ukraine in two periods – 2010-2014 and 2014-2017. The factors influencing the content are differentiated in groups: demographic, socio-economic, socio-psychological, normative, legal, political, for each group of factors the consequences of migration processes for the country are determined. It was proved that in 2010-2014 the factors influencing the migration movement were: the gradual reduction of life expectancy at the background of a low standard of living, poor living conditions and wages, professional and qualitative imbalance in the country’s labor market, low level of satisfaction with quality and standard of living in the country, ineffective system of public administration, insecurity from abuse of power structures, and in 2014-2017, factors such as: feeling insecurity and uncertainty in the future against the background of a loss of a stable life the sense of manifestations of social isolation by internally displaced persons, despondency to state support, imperfect and untimely decisions on the protection of the sovereignty of the state and support of internally displaced persons, low level of national security. In order to address the specific problems inherent in the migration processes in Ukraine, in the article proposes directions for improving the existing migration policy.

РЕЕМІГРАЦІЯ В УКРАЇНУ: ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА НАСЛІДКИ

The article reveals the main foreign policy problems of Ukraine in the connection with the growth of the population emigration activity. It allocates the most mobile categories of citizens who are most likely to emigrate. The paper names the main causes of emigration in terms of extortion and attraction factors for Ukrainians. It explains the difference between the consequences and the threats from short-term (seasonal) and long-term, as well as educational migration, with the subsequent change of the residence country forever. The study suggests a number of measures to accelerate the return of Ukrainian emigrants to their homeland and their reintegration in the framework of the adopted state migration strategy by means of developing effective motivational programs for the high-educated Ukrainian citizens who have traveled abroad to gain important professional experience in the political and social-economic state-building processes in highly developed countries. The investigation projects the further growth of Ukrainian population migration sentiment in case the negative tendencies of reforms immitating in the most important spheres are preserved and the general population impoverishment on the backdrop of exhausting protracted military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine takes place. The article reveals positive effects of return migration to Ukraine from the state development humanitarian investments and Ukraine’s international political situation improvement point of view.

Ukrainian Diaspora of Canada, its history and modernity

Migration of Ukrainians to Canada took place in 4 stages: before the first world war, after it, after the second world war and at the end of the XX century. It was caused, respectively, by economic, political, military-political and socio-economic reasons. The official attitude towards Ukrainians in Canada proceeded from racial beliefs about their inferiority compared to the dominant Anglo-Saxons. Although this policy was later transformed into multiculturalism, in reality it was quietly and tacitly applied in a daily practice.