Mid-season Variety Research Articles

Productivity and adaptive properties of different origin potato varieties in the Russia’s Far East south

The paper presents the results of a study on the productivity of potato genotypes of different origin depending on the water availability in soil, including the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC). The group of mid-season varieties was noted to have the highest productivity (710 g/plant). Waterlogging occurred during the growing period of plants (HTC ≥ 2.5), especially at the stage of tuber formation, negatively affecting productivity. High productivity was observed in the years with relatively favorable weather conditions (2019, 2021, and 2022) when the index of environmental conditions (I) was positive and ranged within +201.63 – +221.35. The average productivity of all the specimens was 950 g/plant. Very low productivity (420–670 g/plant) was observed in 2015–2018, 2020, and 2023 due to waterlogging (I = -99.52 – -269.81). Among the studied specimens, we identified the following varieties that were characterized by not only high productivity (above 900 g/plant) but also high responsiveness to changes in the environmental conditions and stability (average bi = 1.49; S2d·103 = 0.42): early-maturing varieties – Antonina, Bastion, Kolymskii, Krepysh, Matushka, Meteor, Pamyati Kulakova, Udacha, Vitesse, Red Lady, and Red Scarlett; medium-early varieties – Arktika, Briz, Zoya, Kamchatka, Lileya, Charodei, and Gala; mid-season varieties – Ocharovanie, Utro, and Favorit; medium-late and late varieties – Kazachok and Pobeda. The research allowed us to identify potato specimens with high productivity (1040-1480 g/plant), marketability (83.2–92.8%), plasticity (bi = 1.20–1.85), stability (S2d = 0,15–5,77), homeostasis (Hom = 9.51–40.62) and breeding value (Sc = 532.79–852.14) under the conditions of the south of the Russian Far East: early maturing varieties – Bastion, Kolymskii, Krepysh, and Pamyati Kulakova; medium-early varieties – Arktika and Zoya; mid-season variety Alyaska; medium-late and late varieties – Vetraz’ and Pobeda.

Assessment of the Relationship Between Yield and Quality of Potato Tubers in the Conditions of the Middle Volga Region

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important and most popular agricultural crops in Russia. Breeding science creates many new varieties to increase the biological and economic potential of potato. One of the criteria for inclusion in practical breeding is high productivity combined with resistance. This approach is based on the study of phenotype under specific environmental conditions. The aim of the work is to evaluate the relationship between yield components and quality of potato tubers. The objects of study were 29 potato varieties of different ripeness groups and genetic origin: early, medium early and mid-season variety. Field research was carried out at the experimental plot of the Samara Scientific Re-search Agriculture Institute named after N.M. Tulajkov – branch of the Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS in 2022-2024. As a result of field experiments, higher yields of early variety, medium early variety and mid-season were established. The correlation coefficients between yield and tuber number and yield and tuber weight are r = 0.59 and r = 0.71 at p < 0.05, respectively. A positive correlation was established for yield and plant height (r = 0.29). A mean positive relationship linked starch content and tuber number (r = 0.39) but negative relationship was found for ascorbic acid content and tuber weight (r = 0.28). Thus, it is necessary to take into account the relationship of tuber biochemical composition with yield and growth parameters in breeding programmes.

Growing food potatoes from small fraction minitubers obtained under conditions of water-air culture

Currently, due to the shortage of their own seed material Russian producers of original seed potatoes are interested in using highly efficient cultural practices based on the use of aerohydroponic cultivation technologies. The results of studies conducted in the period of 2019-2021 in order to determine the effectiveness of growing food potatoes from mini-tubers obtained using aerohydroponic systems with a compound nutrient scheme are presented in the work. The field test was launched according to the available procedures on the territory of the Korenevo (Kraskovo) experimental station in the Moscow region on sod-podzolic medium-cultivated, granulometric composition sandy loam soil. Sprouted small fraction mini-tubers of 10-15 mm in size and 3-5 g in weight of the following varieties were planted: Gulliver (early ripening (ER)), Amethyst and Grand (medium early ripening (MER)), Sineglazka and Fritella (midseason variety (MSV)). The research years – 2019, 2020 and 2021 – were characterized, respectively, as humid, very humid and slightly arid. The average yield for all varieties was 16.4 t/ha, including commercial tubers in size – 96.5-98.6%, or 38-89% of the possible potential yield, depending on the variety. The starch content in tubers was within the range of potentially possible values, namely, in Grand (16.5-18.3%), in Sineglazka (16.0- 19.8%) and in Fritella (16.3-17.6%). The nitrate content in potato tubers of all varieties did not exceed MPC – 250 mg/kg. Tubers of all varieties turned out to be quite tasty – 5.5-8.0 points, Gulliver tubers (7.5 points) being found the most delicious, despite the low starch content. Potatoes were sold at a price of 17 rubles/ kg, the income from potato cultivation amounted to 17.2-79.9 thousand rubles/ ha, and profitability was 15.5- 24.5%. The economic feasibility of producing food potatoes grown in the field from mini-tubers of small fractions obtained using aerohydroponic devices with a compound nutrition system has been shown.

Comparative evaluation of early potato varieties and the mid-season variety Zlatka and ways to improve their seed production efficiency in the forest-steppe of Priobye

The paper provides data on the comparative assessment of early potato varieties on two main soil types in the forest-steppe of Priobye. The experiments were conducted from 2020 to 2022 in the Novosibirsk District of the Novosibirsk Region on leached chernozem soil at the "Praktik" Experimental Farm (a division of Novosibirsk SAU) and on grey forest heavy loamy soil at CJSC agricultural enterprise "Michurinets." The research aimed to study the efficiency of using the modern gene pool of early potato varieties and to explore ways to improve their virus-free seed production. The study achieved high potato variety yields in conditions of leached chernozem soil ("Praktik") and grey forest heavy loamy soil (CJSC agricultural enterprise "Michurinets") located in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priobye. Leached chernozem on experimental plots had a humus content of 6.76%, gross nitrogen of 0.24%, phosphorus of 0.21%, and potassium 1.25%. The concentration of quickly hydrolysable nitrogen was 12.3, mobile phosphorus was 25.2, and exchangeable potassium was 12 mg/100 g of soil, with a pH of 5.89. Grey forest soil contained 3.8% humus with a pH of 5.53; Nitrate nitrogen of about 10 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus of 12.8 mg/100 g; Exchangeable potassium of 9.2 mg/100 g of soil. The research showed that on grey forest soil in open ground conditions, the productivity of early potato varieties was as follows: Red Scarlett - about 32 t/ha, Rozara - 30 t/ha, and the mid-season variety Zlatka - 28 t/ha. It was demonstrated that the seed fraction in the yield dominated these varieties. The authors noted a coefficient of variation of the fractional composition at the level of V=12.6-28%, depending on the array. The highest yield of virus-free tubers was observed in the Terra and Santé varieties. On leached chernozem soil during the study of early types, the minimum productivity was 1024 g/plant for the Rozara variety, 987 g/plant for the Riviera variety, and 986 g/plant for the Kolomba variety, which is significantly higher than the standard (Lyubava variety). It was statistically determined that the yield of early potatoes depended on genotype by 37% and on the year's conditions by 27%.

Accumulation and morphological properties of starch in tubers of new potato hybrids

The article presents the results of studying potato accessions according to the accumulation and morphological properties of starch in tubers in the nursery of dynamic testing in agroecological conditions of the Kirov region (Volga-Vyatka region) in 2022. The objects of the research were 11 new hybrids bred by the Falenki Breeding Station – branch of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky. The early-maturing variety Udacha, the middle-early variety Nevsky, and the mid-season variety Chaika were used as standards. There have been identified hybrids with increased starch content (19 % and higher) on the 80th day of vegetation: early-maturing 172-13, medium-early – 165-00, 27-07, 13-18, mid-season – 182-13, 580-13, 252-18. The hybrids of the middle early group had the largest average size of starch grains: 165-00 (34.3±2.6 microns), 132-18 (36.0±3.0 microns), 233-12 (39.2±3.3 microns). Most of the hybrids had starch grains of regular rounded shape, accessions 233-12 and 232-12 – mostly irregular (angular) shape. In the course of the research, it was found that storing potatoes at the temperature of 3...4 ° C led to a decrease in the fraction of starch grains of very large size: in early-maturing varieties from 9.2 to 2.7 %, in middle early – from 13.5 to 5.0 %, in mid-season – from 9.6 to 3.2 %, which was due to starch resynthesis. As a result of the breeding work, promising potato hybrids of various maturation periods have been identified for transfer to state variety testing with improved agronomic traits, including high potential productivity: early-maturing 172-13, middle-early 233-12, mid-season 182-13 and 580-13.

INFLUENCE OF SOWING METHODS AND SEEDING RATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NNPC MNAU

The article presents the results of studies of spring barley of different varietal composition (Helios, Stalker) under the influence of sowing methods (ordinary row (15 cm), narrow-row (7.5 cm)) and seeding rates (3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 million germinating seeds per hectare) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Our data show that the optimal seeding rate in the experiment was sowing with 4.5 million germinating seeds per hectare using a narrow-row sowing method for the mid-season variety Helios. This variant ensured the formation of 3.60 t/ha of grain, conditional net profit of 12895.00 UAH/ha and a profitability level of 120.7%.

INFLUENCE OF SPRING BARLEY PLANT NUTRITION OPTIMIZATION ON YIELD FORMATION IN THE RIGHTBANK FORESTSTEPPE OF UKRAINE

This article presents the results of a study of the effect of complex fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley. As a result of the research, it was found that in the variants where three times of plant treatment with preparations were carried out in the most sensitive to nutrition phases of spring barley vegetation of the mid-season variety Modern, the maximum biometric parameters of plants were obtained. In the variants where spring barley plants were fertilized in the three phases of vegetation of tillering, emergence into the tube and at the beginning of earing with Humifriend potassium humate and Multicomplex StimOrganic, a significant increase in the number of productive stems by 265 pcs./m2 and 273 pcs./m2, respectively, was noted compared to the control. The use of the preparations stimulated plant growth and this had a positive effect on the formation of ears of spring barley, the length of which increased by 0,7 – 1,4 cm compared to the control. The highest number of grains in the ear was observed in the variants where three treatments with complex fertilizers were used, where this indicator increased by 2,6 – 3,7 pcs. compared to the control. Three times treatment of plants with preparations also contributed to an increase in grain weight per ear by 0,3 – 0,4 g compared to the control. For three times treatment of spring barley plants with Humifriend potassium humate, the weight of 1000 seeds increased by 2.4 g compared to the control, when using the preparation Multicomplex StimOrganic, this indicator increased by 3,8 g compared to the control, and when using Fulvigum, this indicator increased by 1,8 g compared to the control. An important indicator of productivity is the weight of the raw aboveground mass of plants, when calculating this indicator in the phase of earing, the highest values were obtained in the variants where preparations for fertilizing in two phases of vegetation were used, in particular when using Humifriend potassium humate, this indicator increased by 631 – 658 g/cm2 compared to the control, when using Multicomplex StimOrganic, this indicator increased by 728 – 735 g/cm2 compared to the control, and when using Fulvigum, this indicator increased by 435 – 436 g/cm2 compared to the control. The highest yield of spring barley grain was obtained in the variant where three treatments of plants with StimOrganic Multicomplex were applied, where the yield increased by 1,0 t/ha compared to the control, which is 42%, when using Humifriend potassium humate, the yield increased by 0,9 t/ha compared to the control, which is 38%, and when using Fulvigum, the yield increased by 0,7 t/ha compared to the control, which is 29%. The data obtained indicate that the use of complex fertilizers on spring barley crops contributed to the growth, development of plants and an increase in grain yield in proportion to the number of plant treatments.

Evaluation of potato hybrids by the dynamics of accumulation of yield and starch content in tubers in agro-ecological conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

The article provides the results of studying the accessions of potato in the nursery of dynamic test for 2019-2021 in agro-ecological conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region (Kirov region) by the yield and starch content in tubers. The objects of the study were 10 hybrids bred by Falenki Breeding Station - branch of Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast named N. V. Rudnitsky (FARC North-East). Early variety Udacha (Russian Potato Research Centre), middle-early variety Nevsky (North-West Research Institute of Agriculture), mid-season variety Chaika (FARC North-East) were taken as standard. Promising potato hybrids of different maturity groups with high potential yield have been selected: early variety 172- 13 (24.1 t/ha), middle-early varieties 27-07 (22.7 t/ha), 179-10 (22.9 t/ha), 233-12 (24.0 t/ha), mid-season 232-12 (22.4 t/ha). By favorable agro-weather conditions (2019) the highest yield (more than 28.0 % t/ha) was developed by hybrids: early 172-13, middle-early 27-07 and 179-10, mid-season 580-13. In the unstable environment of 2020 and 2021 the following hybrids were noted: middle-early 233-12 (19.6 and 27.7 t/ha) and mid-season 232-12 (19.2 and 24.0 t/ha). In the group of middle-early varieties with high starch content (15 % and more) during the years of study there were selected the hybrids 27-07, 179-10, 72-13, 182-13. The maximum accumulation of starch (18-21 %) was noted in mid-season hybrid 580-13. Significantly high inter-seasonal correlations by yield on the 60th day from the planting have been established, that characterized all the varieties as the most stable. On the 80th day there were noted weak inter-seasonal correlations that proved the instability of this parameter during the years which differed in weather conditions (strong interaction “genotype-environment”, that is the yield of variety samples during this period depended on the effect of environment factors). High inter-seasonal correlations by the parameter “starch content” on the 80th day have been revealed. The varieties and hybrids by the time of complete ripeness preserved the stability by this indicator unlike early harvesting periods when they were more dependable on the fluctuations of environmental factors.

The role of morphological adaptation and variability of potato varieties in plants photosynthetic apparatus formation

When determining the duration of interphase periods, researchers are faced with a number of difficulties, such as flowering dates absence or delay, a weak correlation between flowering and tuberization, and death of the aboveground part of plants from diseases and pests. In regards to flowering, potatoes are a long-day plant, and according to tuberization - a short one, therefore, photoperiodism significantly affects the development of potato plants. Under conditions of a long day, the normal development of the above-ground plant mass occurs, while a change in photoperiodic conditions until a short day leads to plant’s above cessation growth -ground organs and the onset of enhanced tuberization. The duration of the interfacial periods is influenced by soil and climatic factors, such as heat and moisture supply; under the experimental conditions, the growing season was also determined by varietal characteristics. It should also be noted that the duration of the interphase periods depends on the agrotechnical measures. During the years of research, this indicator varied greatly and had an impact on the yield of the studied varieties. The article presents the results of 3-year studies on the adaptation of potato varieties to changing climatic conditions based on plant architectonics peculiarities research, systematization of new promising potato varieties according to ecological and morphological characteristics, allowing to control crop productivity, is carried out. The most productive in years with contrasting moisture availability were potato varieties, the mid-season variety of the xeromorphic ecomorphic type Kumach (35.7 t/ha), the hygromorphic ultra-early ripening variety Meteor (33.9 t/ha); mesomorphic mid-season varieties Barin (33.9 t/ha) and Resurs (32.3 t/ha). There was a positive correlation between the yield and the atLEAF parameters, the chlorophyll content was higher than the average values for the varieties by 1.8 - 6.2 units.

RNAseq reveals different transcriptomic responses to GA3 in early and midseason varieties before ripening initiation in sweet cherry fruits

Gibberellin (GA) negatively affects color evolution and other ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits. The bioactive GA, gibberellic acid (GA3), is commonly applied at the light green-to-straw yellow transition to increase firmness and delay ripening in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), though causing different effects depending on the variety. Recently, we reported that GA3 delayed the IAD parameter (a ripening index) in a mid-season variety, whereas GA3 did not delay IAD but reduced it at ripeness in an early-season variety. To further explore this contrasting behavior between varieties, we analyzed the transcriptomic responses to GA3 applied on two sweet cherry varieties with different maturity time phenotypes. At harvest, GA3 produced fruits with less color in both varieties. Similar to our previous report, GA3 delayed fruit color initiation and IAD only in the mid-season variety and reduced IAD at harvest only in the early-season variety. RNA-seq analysis of control- and GA3-treated fruits revealed that ripening-related categories were overrepresented in the early-season variety, including ‘photosynthesis’ and ‘auxin response’. GA3 also changed the expression of carotenoid and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes in this variety. In contrast, overrepresented categories in the mid-season variety were mainly related to metabolic processes. In this variety, some PP2Cs putative genes were positively regulated by GA3, which are negative regulators of ABA responses, and MYB44-like genes (putative repressors of PP2Cs expression) were downregulated. These results show that GA3 differentially modulates the transcriptome at the onset of ripening in a variety-dependent manner and suggest that GA3 impairs ripening through the modification of ripening associated gene expression only in the early-season variety; whereas in the mid-season variety, control of the ripening timing may occur through the PP2C gene expression regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of the role of GA in non-climacteric fruit ripening.

Predicting the response of a potato-grain production system to climate change for a humid continental climate using DSSAT

Climate change presents both challenges and opportunities for crop production. This study evaluated the vulnerability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to climate change for 2050 to 2079 in Maine, U.S.A., and the potential of changing variety and planting date as climate adaptation strategies. The DSSAT model v4.7 was calibrated and evaluated for contrasting varieties of potato (Atlantic, a mid-season variety, and Russet Burbank, a late-season variety) and barley (Robust, a 6-row feed variety, and Newdale, a 2-row malting variety) using 99 field experiments conducted in Maine. The model accurately simulated observed final yield for each variety with modeling efficiencies (EF) ranging from 0.60 to 0.84 and coefficients of determination (r2) above 0.98. Climate change simulations compared crop yield across multiple planting dates for one baseline period (1989-2018) and four future climate scenarios (two emissions scenarios, RCP 6.0 and 8.5, with and without elevated CO2). In the absence of elevated CO2, yield of the potato variety Atlantic, and both barley varieties declined by 6 to 27% under elevated temperature and precipitation, but increased by 5% for the potato variety Russet Burbank. However, under future climate conditions and elevated CO2, yield of all potato and barley varieties increased or were unchanged. Optimal planting date for each variety was consistent across climate scenarios. These results suggest that climate change may favor longer-season varieties such as Russet Burbank, but adjusting planting date may not be an effective climate change adaptation strategy in this region. Elevated CO2 boosted crop growth and development across all varieties for a humid continental climate and for the time period studied. The models used do not address climate change's possible effects on crop quality or losses due to plant diseases and pests.

Взаимосвязь агроклиматических факторов и урожайности сортов картофеля в условиях ближнего Подмосковья

In 2005-2015. studied the effect of liquid organic fertilizer BIOOD-1 as foliar feeding on the yield and quality of various potato varieties in changing meteorological conditions. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that the most stable yields under various weather conditions were shown by the potatoes of the mid-season variety Bryansk delicacy. The low starch content of varieties Nevsky, Udacha was noted in years of high humidity, but with a lack of moisture, the starch content of these varieties increased in the background variant and in the experiment with organic fertilization. Keywords: CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT, MEAN SENIOR PRECIPITATION, POTATO, YIELD, STARCH, HUMIC FERTILIZERS

Innovative trends in breeding disease resistant rice varieties

Rice has become widespread in world agriculture due to its high adaptation to growing conditions and the selection of many different types of varieties. The creation of new varieties of rice in Russia has been carried out using the methods of complex multistage hybridization and marker selection with close cooperation of breeders and biotechnologists. The result of this work is a mid-season variety Utyos that combines high yields with resistance to blast, the main fungal disease of rice that affects leaves, stems and panicles of the plant. The late-ripening rice variety IR-36, which has complex resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses, was used as a donor. Variety Utyos was created by selecting an elite plant from the F2 BC4 Flagship / IR-36 population, with repeated selection and verification by offspring. Starting from the first backcrossing, marker control was carried out for the presence of transferred donor alleles in the hybrid offspring. In parallel, phytopathological control was carried out against an infectious background. In 2019, in environmental tests, Utyos formed the maximum grain yield of 11.95 t / ha with winter wheat as the predecessor. At the same time, the variety showed high resistance to blast.

Gibberellic Acid Modifies the Transcript Abundance of ABA Pathway Orthologs and Modulates Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Fruit Ripening in Early- and Mid-Season Varieties.

Several phytohormones modulate ripening in non-climacteric fruits, which is triggered by abscisic acid (ABA). Gibberellins (GAs) are present during the onset of ripening in sweet cherry fruits, and exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) application delays ripening, though this effect is variety-dependent. Although an ABA accumulation delay has been reported following GA3 treatment, the mechanism by which GA modulates this process has not been investigated at the molecular level in sweet cherry. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the effect of GA3 on the fruit ripening process and the transcript levels of ABA pathway orthologs in two varieties having different maturity time phenotypes. The early-season variety had a rapid transition from yellow to pink fruit color, whereas pink color initiation took longer in the mid-season variety. GA3 increased the proportion of lighter colored fruits at ripeness in both varieties, but it produced a delay in IAD—a ripening index—only in the mid-season variety. This delay was accompanied by an increased transcript abundance of PavPP2Cs, which are putative negative regulators of the ABA pathway. On the other hand, the early-season variety had increased expression of PavCYP707A2—a putative ABA catabolic gene–, and reduced transcript levels of PavPP2Cs and SnRK2s after the GA3 treatment. Together these results show that GA modulates fruit ripening, exerting its action in part by interacting with the ABA pathway in sweet cherry.

Peculiarities of the classification of economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L.

Purpose. To substantiate the features of the classification of morphobiological and economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L.Methods. The studies were carried out during 2012–2019. Research methods: field (visual examination of the manifestation of morphological signs of vegetative and generative organs of blueberry plants), laboratory (determination of the content of vitamin C, total sugar, pectin, carotenes, anthocyanins, flavonoids, total acidity in berries), analytical, comparative, statistical (cluster analysis).Results. Over the years of research, varieties of highbush blueberries were characterized by a stable manifestation of homogeneous morphological traits and economically valuable performance indicators. In particular, the studied varieties are classified according to ripeness groups: very early: ‘Fiolent’; early: ‘Draper’, ‘Huron’, ‘Clockwork’, ‘Cargo’, ‘Laska’; medium: ‘Blue Ribbon’, ‘Top shelf’, ‘ZF08-070’, ‘Mavka’; late: ‘Liberti’, ‘Last Call’ and very late: ‘Aurora’, ‘Overtime’. It was determined that the quantitative morphological traits of highbush blueberry varieties that influenced the formation of plant productivity include such traits as growth vigor, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescences lengthwise, bunch density, fruit size. Economically valuable indicators of suitability of highbush blueberry varieties remained stable within the ripeness group. The highest yield (19.5 t/ha) was provided by the mid-season variety ‘Mavka’ of domestic selection. The yield of berries from the bush of this variety was also high and amounted to 7 kg. The studied performance indicators were low in the variety ‘Blue Ribbon’ – 10.2 t/ha and 2.4 kg, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of the manifestation of characteristics will serve to establish the limiting boundaries of its variation in the next modeling of economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties.Conclusions. Such morphobiological characteristics of highbush blueberry varieties, as plant growth vigor, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescences lengthwise, bunch density, fruit size are closely related to plant productivity, berry yield per bush, berry weight and yield. Therefore, they can be involved in the development and improvement of the model of suitability indicators of highbush blueberries for distribution in Ukraine.

Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of soybeans growing with the application of fertilizers and biological products on ordinary chernozem under irrigation conditions

The possibilities of increasing the productivity of soybeans grown on irrigation after application of mineral fertilizers and biological nitrogen in the steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia have been studied. It was found that, on average, over 3 years of research, the highest yield in the experiment was when growing the mid-season variety Selecta 302 with the introduction of ammophos in doses of N12P52 and N24P104 in combination with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with rhizotorfin - 2.68 –2.74 t / ha, which is more than in standard variant (Vilana variety) by 0.11-0.12 t / ha. Compared to the control (without fertilizers and rhizotorfin), the increase was 0.21–0.27 t / ha, or 8.5–10.9%. It is economically feasible to grow the soybean variety Select 302 on irrigation with the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N12P52 and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with rhizotorfin. The profitability was 68.8%.

Вплив густоти рослин і доз добрив на фотосинтетичну діяль­ність і врожайність сої середньостиглого сорту Святогор в умовах зрошення

Goal. To establish the optimal parameters of photosynthetic activity of crops of mid-season soybean variety Sviatogor in conditions of irrigation in the South of Ukraine depending on plant density and doses of nitrogen fertilizers. Methods. The field — for determination of yield; calculation — for optimization of doses of mineral fertilizers, plant density; measurement-weighe — for fixation of plant height, leaf area, and photosynthetic indices. Results. The density of sowing significantly influenced the leaf area of soybean plants, its indices varied in the range of 23.5–47.38 thousand m2/ha at the density of 300 thousand plants/ha; 26.19–52.42 thousand m2/ha at the density of 600 thousand plants/ha; 50.56–49.92 thousand m2/ha at the density of 900 thousand plants/ha. It was fixed that the leaf area of plants in the plots with the introduction of N30 and N60 was 50% and 49% more than in the variant without fertilizers. High yield was provided by the density of plants 600 t/ha on the background of fertilizers N30 and N60. Conclusions. For the first time for the South of Ukraine, features are determined of the formation of the photosynthetic activity of soybean crops of mid-season variety Sviatohor depending on plant density and doses of nitrogen fertilizers, providing the yield at the level of 4.32–4,47 t/ha. The best performance of interfacial photosynthetic capacity (beginning of flowering — beginning of seed ripening) — 1.38–1.23 million m2 of days/ha, and over the vegetation period — 3.45–3.19 million m2 of days/ha were formed in areas where the plant density was 600 thousand plants/ha on the background of N30 and N60 respectively. Correlation is determined between the yield level and the studied factors. It is found that the maximum leaf area in the ripening phase of the seeds is 52.42 thousand m2/ha at a plant density of 600 thousand plants/ha, and the rate application of nitrogen fertilizer involves a dose of N30.

Продуктивність сої залежно від елементів технології вирощування в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України

A significant role in solving the problem of vegetable protein deficiency is playing soybeans, modern high-performance varieties of which, with developing and improving of adaptive components its growing technologies, are able to form consistently high yields of high-quality seeds. Among these components, selection of varieties, clarification of fertilizing doses and seed inoculation in accordance with soil and climatic conditions of a particular region, are of great importance. The purpose of research was to identify features of soybean productivity formation of different varieties depending on seeds inoculation and doses and timing of mineral fertilizers application in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The experiment was laid during 2013–2015 in conditions of the SERF Salivonkivske of the Institute of Bioenergetic Crops and Sugar Beet of N AAS on typical low humus chernozems. According to the results of research, was established that in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the maximum yields studied hybrids formed under condition of combination seed treatment before sowing by phosphonitragin and application of N 30 P 60 K 60 like the main fertilizer and extra feeding N 15 in the budding phase, what allowed to obtain at early-ripening variety Vilshanka 2.91 t/ha and at mid-season variety Suzir’ya – 3.17 t/ha. Compared with the absolute control, the yield increase in these variants by 1.02 and 0.98 t/ha, respectively

Jasmonic acid enhances the resistance of potato plants in vitro to salt stress

The protective effect of jasmonic acid (JA) was evaluated under stress (100 mM NaCl) condition. The investigations were carried on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) of the mid-season variety Lugovskoy. Plant-regenerants were grafted and cultured in test tubes on modified Murashige-Skoog agar medium in the absence (control) or in the presence of JA at concentrations of 0.001; 0.1 and 10 M under optimal growing conditions or with the addition of NaCl. After 28 days of cultivation, growth (length of stem and root, number of tiers and leaves, plant mass) and physiological (proline content and photosynthetic pigments, determination of the osmotic potential of cell exudate) of the plants were assessed. For the first time it has been shown that jasmonic acid (0.1 and 10 M) manifests a pronounced protective effect on potato plants under salt stress condition. The protective effect based on the partial removal of the salt negative effect on the main photosynthetic pigments and the maintenance of the osmotic status of cell contents during salinization.

Jasmonic Acid Enhances the Potato Plant Resistance to the Salt Stress in Vitro

The protective effect of jasmonic acid (JA) was evaluated under the stress conditions (100 mM NaCl). The potato plants Solanum tuberosum L, mid-season variety Lugovskoy, were used in the experiments. The plant-regenerants were grafted and grown in test tubes on the modified Murashige and Skoog agar medium in the absence (control) or presence of JA at concentrations of 0.001, 0.1, and 10 μM under the optimal conditions or with addition of NaCl. After 28 days of cultivation, the growth (stem and root lengths, tier and leaf numbers, and plant mass) and physiological (proline and photosynthetic pigment contents and teh osmotic potential of cell exudate) characteristics of the plants were assessed. Jasmonic acid (0.1 and 10 μM) has been demonstrated to display a pronounced protective effect on potato plants under the salt stress condition. JA abolished partially the negative salt effect on the main photosynthetic pigments and maintained the cell osmotic status during salinization.