Accumulation and morphological properties of starch in tubers of new potato hybrids

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying potato accessions according to the accumulation and morphological properties of starch in tubers in the nursery of dynamic testing in agroecological conditions of the Kirov region (Volga-Vyatka region) in 2022. The objects of the research were 11 new hybrids bred by the Falenki Breeding Station – branch of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky. The early-maturing variety Udacha, the middle-early variety Nevsky, and the mid-season variety Chaika were used as standards. There have been identified hybrids with increased starch content (19 % and higher) on the 80th day of vegetation: early-maturing 172-13, medium-early – 165-00, 27-07, 13-18, mid-season – 182-13, 580-13, 252-18. The hybrids of the middle early group had the largest average size of starch grains: 165-00 (34.3±2.6 microns), 132-18 (36.0±3.0 microns), 233-12 (39.2±3.3 microns). Most of the hybrids had starch grains of regular rounded shape, accessions 233-12 and 232-12 – mostly irregular (angular) shape. In the course of the research, it was found that storing potatoes at the temperature of 3...4 ° C led to a decrease in the fraction of starch grains of very large size: in early-maturing varieties from 9.2 to 2.7 %, in middle early – from 13.5 to 5.0 %, in mid-season – from 9.6 to 3.2 %, which was due to starch resynthesis. As a result of the breeding work, promising potato hybrids of various maturation periods have been identified for transfer to state variety testing with improved agronomic traits, including high potential productivity: early-maturing 172-13, middle-early 233-12, mid-season 182-13 and 580-13.