Abstract
Rice has become widespread in world agriculture due to its high adaptation to growing conditions and the selection of many different types of varieties. The creation of new varieties of rice in Russia has been carried out using the methods of complex multistage hybridization and marker selection with close cooperation of breeders and biotechnologists. The result of this work is a mid-season variety Utyos that combines high yields with resistance to blast, the main fungal disease of rice that affects leaves, stems and panicles of the plant. The late-ripening rice variety IR-36, which has complex resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases and viruses, was used as a donor. Variety Utyos was created by selecting an elite plant from the F2 BC4 Flagship / IR-36 population, with repeated selection and verification by offspring. Starting from the first backcrossing, marker control was carried out for the presence of transferred donor alleles in the hybrid offspring. In parallel, phytopathological control was carried out against an infectious background. In 2019, in environmental tests, Utyos formed the maximum grain yield of 11.95 t / ha with winter wheat as the predecessor. At the same time, the variety showed high resistance to blast.
Highlights
Rice provides food for most of the world's population. It is cultivated in 114 countries under different soil and climatic conditions on an area of about 155 million hectares [1]
In 2016, global rice consumption amounted to 518 million tons, showing a steady growth from 2007 to 2016 on average by 1.4 % per year [2]
Sustainable rice production is the guarantor of food security in many countries [3]
Summary
Rice provides food for most of the world's population. It is cultivated in 114 countries under different soil and climatic conditions on an area of about 155 million hectares [1]. With contemporary traditional rice breeding, it takes 12-15 years to create a variety Such a long period is associated with the implementation of the entire cycle of work according to the scheme of the selection process, where at each stage the best material is selected and the genotype of the selected plants, forms, samples is homozygous. At the present stage, rice breeding in the leading rice growing regions of the world is successfully carried out with the use of innovative biotechnologies, which make it possible to create optimal genotypes of highly productive rice varieties and hybrids resistant to unfavorable environmental factors [3, 24]
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