Productivity and adaptive properties of different origin potato varieties in the Russia’s Far East south

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study on the productivity of potato genotypes of different origin depending on the water availability in soil, including the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC). The group of mid-season varieties was noted to have the highest productivity (710 g/plant). Waterlogging occurred during the growing period of plants (HTC ≥ 2.5), especially at the stage of tuber formation, negatively affecting productivity. High productivity was observed in the years with relatively favorable weather conditions (2019, 2021, and 2022) when the index of environmental conditions (I) was positive and ranged within +201.63 – +221.35. The average productivity of all the specimens was 950 g/plant. Very low productivity (420–670 g/plant) was observed in 2015–2018, 2020, and 2023 due to waterlogging (I = -99.52 – -269.81). Among the studied specimens, we identified the following varieties that were characterized by not only high productivity (above 900 g/plant) but also high responsiveness to changes in the environmental conditions and stability (average bi = 1.49; S2d·103 = 0.42): early-maturing varieties – Antonina, Bastion, Kolymskii, Krepysh, Matushka, Meteor, Pamyati Kulakova, Udacha, Vitesse, Red Lady, and Red Scarlett; medium-early varieties – Arktika, Briz, Zoya, Kamchatka, Lileya, Charodei, and Gala; mid-season varieties – Ocharovanie, Utro, and Favorit; medium-late and late varieties – Kazachok and Pobeda. The research allowed us to identify potato specimens with high productivity (1040-1480 g/plant), marketability (83.2–92.8%), plasticity (bi = 1.20–1.85), stability (S2d = 0,15–5,77), homeostasis (Hom = 9.51–40.62) and breeding value (Sc = 532.79–852.14) under the conditions of the south of the Russian Far East: early maturing varieties – Bastion, Kolymskii, Krepysh, and Pamyati Kulakova; medium-early varieties – Arktika and Zoya; mid-season variety Alyaska; medium-late and late varieties – Vetraz’ and Pobeda.