The role of morphological adaptation and variability of potato varieties in plants photosynthetic apparatus formation

Abstract

When determining the duration of interphase periods, researchers are faced with a number of difficulties, such as flowering dates absence or delay, a weak correlation between flowering and tuberization, and death of the aboveground part of plants from diseases and pests. In regards to flowering, potatoes are a long-day plant, and according to tuberization - a short one, therefore, photoperiodism significantly affects the development of potato plants. Under conditions of a long day, the normal development of the above-ground plant mass occurs, while a change in photoperiodic conditions until a short day leads to plant’s above cessation growth -ground organs and the onset of enhanced tuberization. The duration of the interfacial periods is influenced by soil and climatic factors, such as heat and moisture supply; under the experimental conditions, the growing season was also determined by varietal characteristics. It should also be noted that the duration of the interphase periods depends on the agrotechnical measures. During the years of research, this indicator varied greatly and had an impact on the yield of the studied varieties. The article presents the results of 3-year studies on the adaptation of potato varieties to changing climatic conditions based on plant architectonics peculiarities research, systematization of new promising potato varieties according to ecological and morphological characteristics, allowing to control crop productivity, is carried out. The most productive in years with contrasting moisture availability were potato varieties, the mid-season variety of the xeromorphic ecomorphic type Kumach (35.7 t/ha), the hygromorphic ultra-early ripening variety Meteor (33.9 t/ha); mesomorphic mid-season varieties Barin (33.9 t/ha) and Resurs (32.3 t/ha). There was a positive correlation between the yield and the atLEAF parameters, the chlorophyll content was higher than the average values for the varieties by 1.8 - 6.2 units.