Methods Of Mathematical Statistics Research Articles

The use of postural balance restoration tools in the complex treatment of children with cerebral palsy

Physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires long-term, systematic, individual and step-by-step use of a complex of tools to restore lost motor functions.
 All forms of cerebral palsy cause a violation of the body's balance control system, which is manifested by unsteady walking, unexpected falls, swaying, and impaired coordination of movements.
 The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy in the late residual stage by using means of restoring postural balance.
 Research methods: analysis of special scientific and methodical literature; analysis of medical histories; assessment of the level of motor disorders (gross motor function classification system (GMFCS); assessment of the degree of change in muscle tone (modified Ashworth scale); assessment of balance function (Berg balance scale); methods of mathematical statistics.
 To achieve the goal, an examination of 20 children with cerebral palsy from 6 to 12 years of age with mainly spastic forms of cerebral palsy was carried out. Patients of the main group received standard rehabilitation treatment and classes on the balance beam and in the rehabilitation system "Spider" in combination with therapeutic gymnastics. The control group of patients received the standard rehabilitation treatment used in this rehabilitation facility. The standard rehabilitation program included therapeutic gymnastics, segmental-reflex massage, mechanotherapy.
 The impact of means of postural balance restoration in combination with existing methods of physical rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy on coordination and movement disorders was studied.
 It has been established that complex therapy with the use of means for restoring postural balance can improve the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, both in the older and younger age groups. According to all the conducted tests, positive dynamics were obtained.

Building program "wellness" for the correction of the figure of women of the first mature age

This article examines the importance of an approach to health and weight loss through the prism of the concept of Wellness in women. "Wellness" is a global approach to health care, covering physical, emotional and social well-being. The author emphasizes the importance of integrating "Wellness" into everyday life in order to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive approach to maintaining health and achieving weight loss goals.
 The article discusses the key components of wellness for women, including physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and psychological well-being. Practical tips and recommendations aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle adapted to the individual needs of women are provided.
 The article also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and a positive attitude towards one's body. "Wellness" calls for understanding the unique needs of each woman and creating a harmonious balance between physical and emotional well- being. The article provides practical advice on how to integrate simple exercise and healthy skills into women's busy daily lives.
 The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics.
 The research was carried out at NUFVSU, at the Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, as well as at the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" in Kyiv. Women in the first period of adulthood who work in the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" took part in the research. The total number of women is 40.
 Considering the effectiveness of a complex of wellness programs in correcting the figure of women in the first period of adulthood, a complex of high-interval training, cosmetology procedures, SPA procedures, as well as general nutritional recommendations was selected.
 Prospects for further research. Further research will be aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed program.

Integrative education as the basis for students� worldview knowledge in the process of teaching biology in high school

Relevance. The research relevance is predefined by the continuously developing system of integrative education, which puts forward new requirements for the process of teaching biology in high schools as the basis for the formation of students� worldview knowledge.Purpose. The research aims to conduct a theoretical and practical justification of the methodology of the formation of the worldview knowledge of students in the process of teaching biology in high school.Methodology. The primary research method is a pedagogical experiment, which allows a comprehensive consideration of all the contradictions in the research problem and improves the effectiveness of the process of teaching biology in high school. For this purpose, the auxiliary methods of mathematical statistics and graphical representation of the results of student achievement in the subject �biology� were used.Results. During empirical research, interviews and questionnaires with the participants of the experiment were also conducted, during which the interests of students in the subjects were determined. The worldview component in the content of school education, especially in biology classes, was identified, principles justified, stages of the process of formation of students� worldview knowledge identified and implemented. This led to the inclusionary approach in which forms and methods of integrative education, which promote the development of worldview skills of young people could be quantified and disclosed.Conclusions. Research materials are of practical value for graduate students of higher pedagogical educational institutions, and teachers of secondary general educational institutions which implement integrative education in their teaching activities in high schools. Thus, the purpose of education is not just the regurgitated transfer of knowledge in biology, but the preparation and adaptation of students to the new conditions of society.

Показники динамічної рівноваги за методикою Star Excursion Balance Test у спортсменів різної кваліфікації з Кіокушин карате

Purpose: to test and compare the indicators of dynamic balance by the method of star excursion balance test in sportsmen of different qualification in Kyokushin karate. Material and methods. The results of the research were obtained at the Lviv State University of Physical Culture named after Ivan Boberskyi at the department of «Fencing, boxing and national martial arts» in the period October-November 2023. Qualified male Kyokushin karate fighters aged 18-22 years old in the amount of 21 people took part in the collection of experimental material, among which there were 13 representatives with a level of training 1-2 Dan, and 8 representatives with a level (student belts) not higher than 1 Kyu. Among the participants of the research there are champions and prize-winners of national and international competitions in Kyokushin karate. Methods of the research: the analysis of literary sources and materials from the Internet; measurement of basic anthropometrical indicators of sportsmen (height, weight, length of arms and legs); measurement of indicators of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT); methods of mathematical statistics (calculation of statistical indicators of the arithmetic mean (Mean), standard deviation of the arithmetic mean (Std.Dev.), comparison of results by the statistical method Mann-Whitney U-test with the help of the standard package Statistica-7). Results: the advantage of anthropometrical indicators of group № 2 over group № 1 was established: 8 sportsmen with a level of fitness up to 1 Kyu have on average a little higher height, more body weight, longer arms and legs than 13 athletes with a level of 1-2 Dan. Highly skilled Kyokushin karate athletes with 1-2 Dan level of training outperform athletes with up to 1 Kyu level of training in most SEBT positions. The dominating advantage on average group indicators of SEBT of sportsmen of Kyokushin karate with a level of preparation 1-2 Dan over sportsmen with a level of preparation not higher than 1 Kyu testifies to regularity, and not accident of the received results. Conclusions. On the basis of objectively received indicators of Star Excursion Balance Test and anthropometrical data, it is possible to conclude that sportsmen of Kyokushin karate with a level of fitness 1-2 Dan at smaller anthropometrical indicators (height, weight, length of arms and legs) show better indicators of SEBT, than sportsmen with a level of fitness up to 1 Kyu. The Star Excursion Balance Test indicators reflect the amplitude characteristics of athletes' movements along with dynamic balance and are related to the skill level of athletes. Keywords: Kyokushin karate, qualification, single combat, Star Excursion Balance Test, dynamic balance.

Ставлення школярів до занять єдиноборствами

Purpose: to determine modern aspects of schoolchildren's interest in martial arts classes. Material and methods. The following research methods were used in the work: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statistics. In order to determine the main aspects of schoolchildren's interest in martial arts classes, a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire consisted of five questions; the first two questions had two answer options (yes/no). Answer options were presented for the last three questions, and in the option, other schoolchildren could provide their answer option if they wished. Results: the results of the conducted questionnaire among schoolchildren indicate a high level of physical activity among schoolchildren, where the majority of respondents (84,6 %) confirmed their experience of playing sports or visiting sports sections. At the same time, 15,4 % do not have such experience. Interest in martial arts turned out to be significantly less, however, more than half of schoolchildren (56,3 %) expressed a desire to practice or try martial arts. The following results were obtained during the survey of schoolchildren regarding their desire or existing experience in martial arts. Eastern martial arts stand out as the predominant choice among respondents, accounting for 38,2 %. Boxing and kickboxing (26,8 %) also showed great interest, overtaking wrestling and judo (19,7 %) in the choice of schoolchildren. 15,3 % of schoolchildren want to practice other types of martial arts. The results indicate a high level of interest of respondents in the development of self-defense skills (68,6 %), which exceeds other aspects. Improving physical fitness (47,2 %), the opportunity to learn something new and interesting (34,5 %), as well as forming new acquaintances (31,4 %) combine a significant number of answers. The most important factors preventing attending martial arts classes were the lack of appropriate infrastructure or a coach near the place of residence (46,6 %) and insufficient free time (38,4 %). Conclusions. The survey revealed a high level of physical activity among schoolchildren, but interest in martial arts turned out to be less. More than half of the students expressed their desire to engage in this activity, in particular, oriental martial arts were of particular interest. The ability to self-defense and the desire to improve physical fitness turned out to be key motivators for students. However, less than a third of schoolchildren consider martial arts to participate in competitions, which should be taken into account when developing this direction. The most important obstacles to attending classes are lack of infrastructure and limited time. Keywords: schoolchildren, martial arts, attitude, aspect, questionnaire.

Модельні характеристики сучасної змагальної діяльності кращих спортсменів світу в греко-римській боротьбі

Purpose: to develop model characteristics of the modern competitive activity of the world's best athletes in Greco-Roman wrestling. Material and methods. The research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; analysis of protocols and video recordings of competitive activities; expert assessment, methods of mathematical statistics. An analysis of 51 matches at the 2023 World Cup and Continental Championships (Europe, Asia, Pan America) was carried out. The object of observation were the wrestlers who took the first places at the 2023 World Championship in the Olympic weight categories (60 kg, 67 kg, 77 kg, 87 kg, 97 kg, 130 kg). Results: the analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet resources allowed to determine that the analysis of competitive activity in sports wrestling is important for predicting the success of athletes and building models of the world's strongest wrestlers. The 2023 world champions in the Olympic weight categories also took first place this year and at continental competitions (Europe, Asia, Pan-America), except for the wrestler in the 87 kg weight category - he took second place at the 2023 European Championship. Based on the analysis of protocols and competitive activity, model characteristics of the modern competitive activity of the world's best wrestlers in Olympic weight categories were compiled. The analysis of the model characteristics of the competitive activity of the world's strongest wrestlers of different weight categories showed that each athlete uses basically the same technical and tactical actions during the day, but the tactical algorithm of fighting and conducting techniques is individual for each wrestler. Conclusions. The analysis of fights at the 2023 World Championship in Greco-Roman wrestling made it possible to develop model characteristics of the competitive activity of the best wrestlers in Olympic weight categories. It has been established that the strongest fighters use from 3 to 7 technical and tactical actions to achieve victory in a fight. The most performed tricks on the floor are rollovers and throws with the back belt, and in the rack - fallbacks and push-ups behind the carpet. The evaluation of the structure of the technical arsenal showed the superiority of the parameters of the champion in terms of the number of successful attacks and points won, along with low values of missed attacks and lost technical points. The developed model characteristics of competitive activity of the best wrestlers allow the coach to more effectively organize and manage the training process, timely identify deficiencies in the wrestler's preparation and make certain corrections. Keywords: modeling, competitive activity, indicators, technical and tactical actions, Greco-Roman wrestling, elite athletes.

Психологічна готовність єдиноборців до змагань

Purpose: to determine the level of psychological readiness of martial artists for competitions and to provide methodological recommendations. Material and methods. The following research methods were used in the work: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources, questionnaires, methods of mathematical statistics. Assessment of the level of psychological readiness of martial artists for competitions was carried out by filling out a questionnaire, which consisted of two parts. Each part of the questionnaire contains 4 questions with a rating from 1 to 5. Students of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, 1-4 years, who are involved in martial arts, took part in the survey. Among the representatives were athletes engaged in wrestling, judo, boxing, karate, etc. The total number of respondents was 21 people. Results: during the research, the results of the athletes' assessment of their own level of psychological readiness for the competition were obtained. Athletes rated their confidence on average at 3.9 points; self-assessment before the start of the competition at the level of 4,3 points; Emotional stability at the level of 3,6 points; the ability to control emotions and readjust oneself during a match at the level of 3,9 points; confidence in performing technical and tactical actions in a certain interval of the match at the level of 3,2 points; the ability to mobilize forces at a critical moment of the match at the level of 3,5 points and the ability to focus and concentrate attention at a certain moment of the match at the level of 3,7 points. Conclusions. The general results of the survey indicate that athletes have a high level of emotional control, but are less confident in performing technical and tactical actions at various moments of the match. The results also indicate instability in solving tactical tasks during competition and relative readiness to respond to stressful situations. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, recommendations are provided, which include key areas of psychological preparation of martial artists for competitions. The importance of developing emotional stability and increasing confidence in performing technical and tactical actions is highlighted. Keywords: psychological preparation, martial arts, competition, condition, questionnaire.

Динаміка показників техніко-тактичної підготовленості дзюдоїстів 19-21 років середніх вагових категорій під впливом запропонованих моделей підготовки

Purpose: to investigate the dynamics of indicators of technical and tactical preparedness of judokas of 19-21 years old of middle weight categories under the influence of the offered models of training. Material and methods. Methods of the research: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; timekeeping; analysis of protocols and video recordings of fights of judokas of 19-21 years old of weight categories up to 60 kg, up to 66 kg; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. The pedagogical experiment was attended by 20 judokas aged 19-21 years (Candidate for Master of Sports, Master of Sports of Ukraine), who were divided into control and experimental groups of 10 athletes each. We analyzed 60 fights of sportsmen of the experimental and 60 fights of the control groups. Results: after the pedagogical experiment, the number of fights that ended early increased in the judokas of the experimental group (the beginning of the experiment - 66 %, the end - 77 %) and the number of fights within the allotted time and in additional time decreased. This suggests that the fights of the athletes of the experimental group are quite dynamic, and the use of combinations and counterattacks allows to finish the fight before the allotted time. Also, the number of counterattacks and combinations of techniques during fights increased statistically significantly. Thus, the number of application of the combination technique increased from 18 to 23 (t=3,61; p<0,05), and the counterattacking from 21 to 31 (t=5,73; p<0,05). Also, the increase in the total number of real attempts to perform technical actions from 104 to 138 was established. A more detailed analysis showed that in the stand position sportsmen of the experimental group performed a smaller number of real attempts to perform technical actions in comparison with the beginning of the experiment (beginning - 103, the end - 97). Also, there is an increase in the effectiveness of technical actions (beginning - 24 (23 %), end - 35 (36 %)) estimated by judges as a half-victory (beginning - 12, end - 20) and as a pure victory (beginning - 12, end - 15). In the ground position, an increase in the number of real technical actions is observed. Thus, at the beginning of the experiment this indicator was 30 attempts, at the end - 38. Due to this the total number of real attempts of technical actions increased. Also, there is an increase in the effectiveness of technical actions (beginning - 14 (47 %), end - 19 (50 %)) evaluated by judges as half a victory (beginning - 5, end - 8) and as a pure victory (beginning - 9, end - 11). Conclusions. It is established that under the influence of the offered models of technical and tactical preparation the use of combinations and counterattacks during a fight which allows to finish it earlier than the allotted time in sportsmen of the experimental group increased. The increase in the total number of real attempts to perform technical actions, as well as certain actions (throw with the emphasis of the lower leg in the thigh, picking up under one leg, turning with hands), their effectiveness was established. Also, there is a decrease in the number of throws from the knees in a fight and an increase in its effectiveness. Keywords: competitive activity, judo, training, weight categories, indicators, modeling, models.

Особливості спортивної кар’єри олімпійських чемпіонок у боротьбі жіночій

Purpose: to identify the features of the sports career of Olympic champions in women's wrestling. Material and Methods. The main materials for the study were personal indicators of the sports career of 18 Olympic champions in wrestling (data were taken from the official website of UWW (https://unitedworldwrestling.org)). Research methods: analysis and synthesis, documentary method, comparison, methods of mathematical statistics. The study analyzed the careers of 18 freestyle wrestlers from 5 Olympic Games who won the title of champion in these competitions. The study took into account all the performances at official competitions (continental championships and world championships in all age groups and the Youth Olympic Games) of wrestlers. Results: it was found that in 5 Olympic Games, which included women's wrestling in the program (since 2004), 18 athletes won 18 out of 24 possible Olympic gold titles. The youngest age of the first performance at official international competitions before the Olympic triumph among the studied athletes was 15 years old. The latest first performance in the international arena among the study participants was recorded at the age of 25. It was found that the period from the first performance at official competitions to the gold medal at the Olympic Games was 5-9 years. It was also found that the shortest period from the first performance in the international arena to winning the Olympic Games was 2 years, and the longest was 15 years. To win Olympic gold, athletes had to participate in 9 official international competitions on average. The average age at which female athletes won at the Olympics is 22. Conclusions. To win gold at the Olympics, highly skilled wrestlers usually need to participate in a fairly large number of international competitions. However, there are exceptions in history among female athletes who have managed to reach the highest podium much faster and with fewer international competitions. This largely depends on individual characteristics and the specifics of the wrestlers' training system. Keywords: free wrestling, women, highly qualified sportswomen, competition, Olympic Games.

Підвищення ефективності перед-змагальної підготовки кваліфікованих спортсменів у тхеквондо WTF за рахунок застосування засобів високо-інтенсивного фітнес-тренінгу

Purpose: to theoretically substantiate and experimentally identify the most effective means of modern high-intensity interval fitness training of pre-competitive training of qualified athletes in WTF taekwondo. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the research: the analysis of the special scientific and methodical literature; pedagogical observations; pedagogical experiment; pedagogical testing; physiological testing; the method of expert estimations; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the explosive growth of lactate concentration from 1,16±0,5 mM/l to 15,5±2,1 mM/l causes the next repetition of this exercise after 5 minutes of rest. The obtained data of HR (HR, bpm +26,2 %), VE, l/min (+128,6 %), VCO2, l/min (+135,5 %), VO2, l/min (+56,1 %), KIO2 (-27,5 %) indicate that at insufficient recovery between approaches at performance of rather short interval segments of submaximal power (high-intensity work up to 1 min) leads to the significant decrease of special working capacity of sportsmen. Taking into account the specifics of the sport, for the improvement of this parameter of preparedness it is considered expedient to perform 3-5 times specially developed blocks of exercises of high intensity, borrowed (mainly) from modern methods of health-improving fitness training. The results of the competitive activity of qualified taekwondo athletes confirmed the effectiveness of the use of high-intensity fitness training HIIT to improve their pre-competitive fitness. Conclusions. When planning the direct pre-competitive training of qualified taekwondo sportsmen in the annual cycle of preparation it is necessary to be guided by the information received as a result of the conducted researches and to approach in a regulated way to the definition and combination of intensity and duration of the performed exercises of a specific orientation which, in turn, model the process of competition. It is proved that to improve aerobic endurance of athletes it is necessary to plan 2-3 times in a weekly microcycle different interval training exercises performed without significant fatigue and decreased performance. For improvement of high-speed and power capabilities of sportsmen it is necessary to perform 1-2 times during a microcycle different interval training exercises with shortened segments of work of maximum intensity lasting up to 30 s. Keywords: fitness training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), taekwondo, WTF, physical fitness, control, speed and strength capabilities, aerobic capabilities.

Вплив занять оздоровчої аеробіки із використанням вправ з єдиноборств на фізичну підготовленість студенток

Purpose: to study the influence of recreational aerobics classes using exercises from various types of martial arts on the level of physical fitness of female students. Material and methods. The following methods were used to achieve the aim of the study: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical experiment, method of control exercises (testing), pedagogical observation, methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 1st and 2nd year female students (n=42) attending health aerobics classes. The students were divided into experimental (n=21) and control groups (n=21). Results: the comparison of physical qualities at the beginning of the experiment shows the lack of reliability of differences between them (p>0,05). In the course of the experiment the peculiarities of the methodology of conducting classes in health- improving aerobics were studied. The content of classes for female students was developed with the inclusion of exercises from different types of martial arts. The content included special imitation exercises (hook, jab, uppercut, etc.) and additional equipment from different types of martial arts (boxing, Thai boxing, kickboxing). Classes were held three times a week and lasted 60 minutes. At each lesson, a combination of 64 exercises was learned. The introduction of imitation exercises from different types of martial arts into the health aerobics classes had a positive effect on the results of the repeated testing of female students of the experimental group. At the end of the experiment in exercises of flexion and extension of arms in a lying down support, torso tilt forward from a sitting position and torso raising in a sit for 1 min. the results changed statistically significantly (p<0,001). This can be explained by the fact that martial arts exercises contribute to the development of strength abilities to the greatest extent, and exercises in health aerobics have a significant impact on the development of flexibility. The results in shuttle run 4×9 m, 100 m run and long jump from a place did not undergo significant changes (p>0,05), though there is a small tendency to positive changes. Conclusions. It is established that the use of imitation exercises from different types of martial arts in classes on health-improving aerobics, directed not only on the development of aerobic abilities, but also on mastering and improvement of techniques of movements from boxing, kickboxing and Thai boxing, positively influences the development of physical qualities of female students. It was found that as a result of attending classes, female students had a significant improvement in flexibility and strength of the arms and abdominal press (p<0,001). Indicators of coordination, speed, power and speed abilities also increased, but these changes are not significant (p>0,05). Keywords: health-improving aerobics, martial arts, physical fitness, exercises, complex, imitation, motor abilities.

Аналіз ланок тіла боксерів під час нанесення ударів за допомогою сучасних технологій

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of using modern computer vision technologies to determine the body parts of boxers during a punch. Material and methods. During the research, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources, analysis of videos and images using machine learning technologies (in particular, computer vision technologies), as well as the application of mathematical statistics methods. The final boxing match in the weight category up to 91 kg at the Olympic Games (Tokyo, 2021) was chosen for analysis. The total number of images for analysis was 1025. In the study, YOLO machine learning models were used to detect the persons who were in the images and MediaPipe to determine the body parts of each of the athletes. Results: as part of a scientific study of detecting the YOLO pattern during a boxing match, fairly high results were obtained. The first athlete in a red uniform was detected with high accuracy - he was not detected on only 1,4% of images; the second athlete in the blue uniform was detected in 98,7 % of all images. The probability of correctly identifying the athlete by the model was 89,5 % and 91,2 %, respectively, for the first and second athlete. Analysis of the results indicates that the MediaPipe model has limitations in identifying certain body parts of athletes during martial arts competitions. In particular, the percentage of images in which body parts could not be identified varies from 21,7 % to 31,7 %. The overall picture shows that the model successfully identifies key body parts such as shoulders, elbows, wrists, palms, and fingers, with a probability of results ranging from 61,5 % to 74,5 %. But visual direct analysis shows certain problems with determining the movements of athletes. Conclusions. An analysis of the results of the use of modern computer vision technologies to determine the body parts of boxers during striking in competitive activities was carried out. The results indicate the high efficiency and accuracy of the YOLO model in the task of detecting athletes during sports events. But at the same time, opposite data were obtained using the MediaPipe model to determine the body parts of athletes. Visual direct analysis shows certain problems with determining the movements of athletes. The general trend is that in the conditions of boxing competitions, the MediaPipe model may face challenges related to the specifics of this sport and require further optimizations to achieve the highest accuracy and reliability in the identification of boxers' body parts. But at the same time, the integration of computer vision technologies into sports events opens up new opportunities for objective analysis and improvement of the technical skills of martial artists. Keywords: boxing, competitive activity, impact, modern technologies, detection, modeling, body parts.

Effects of Land Use Structure and Spatial Pattern at Different Temporal and Spatial Scales on Water Quality in Suzhou Creek

Relationships between land use and water quality of rivers and lakes vary spatially and temporally. These variations were analyzed using spatial analysis and mathematical statistical methods for the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai. Based on the data of water quality and land use in 2001， 2005， 2010， 2015， and 2020， five spatial scales （200， 500， 1 000， 2 000， and 5 000 m reach buffer） of the landscape pattern were extracted using correlation and redundancy analysis to explore the impact of land use composition and spatial pattern on water quality at different spatial and temporal scales. The results showed that： ① the water quality of Suzhou Creek has gradually improved in the past 20 years； other indicators were between Class II to Class IV in 2020 except TN， and TN was the main pollutant. ② The main land use type of the buffer zone was construction land， and the proportion of greenland and woodland showed a small growth trend. ③ The water quality was closely related to landscape pattern， showing temporal and spatial scale effects. On the time scale， indicators such as construction land， agricultural land， landscape dominance， aggregation， and diversity had significant correlations with various water quality parameters， and there was an inverse correlation in 2010 compared with that in other years for NH4+-N， TP， and TN. The landscape pattern in 2001 had the greatest explanation for water quality， with an explanation rate of 93.65%. The impact of greenland and woodland on water quality has begun to emerge in the past 10 years. ④ On the spatial scale， there were significant correlations between greenland and woodland， patch number， landscape shape index， diversity index， and water quality. There was a strong positive regulatory effect of greenland and woodland on NH4+-N， TP， and TN at the scale of 2 000 m. The patch number and landscape shape index had relatively strong regulatory effects on water quality on a larger spatial scale， whereas the Shannon diversity index had a better positive regulatory effect on water quality on a small scale. The landscape pattern within a buffer of 2 000 m had the highest interpretation degree for all factors， with an explanation rate of 68.47%. The study showed that rationally planning the proportion of greenland and woodland within the 2 000 m buffer zone and optimizing its landscape configuration is an important measure to purify the surface water quality of Suzhou Creek.

Change trends of mean ice thickness, water level, and surface salinity in the Laptev Sea in winter-spring period under further climate warming conditions

he purpose of the paper is to identify the most likely trends in interannual changes of the ice cover thickness on sections of the Northern Sea Route in the Laptev Sea in the winter-spring months under conditions of further climate warming. A hypothesis that in the modern period such changes can be significantly impacted by melting of submarine permafrost layers located inside the sea shelf, — a process caused by their heat exchange with bottom sea waters, is put forward. To verify the hypothesis, trends in interannual changes in ice thickness are compared with trends in variations in sea level and surface salinity. As factual material, data from the global reanalysis GLORYS12v1 is used. The research methodology is based on the standard methods of mathematical statistics. A correlation between the trends of the above processes has been found. It allows us to confirm the hypothesis put forward. The results obtained indicate that, under the conditions of ongoing climate warming, there remains a high probability that the average thickness of the ice cover will not decrease, and the ice situation in the Laptev Sea in the winter-spring months will not improve significantly. The latter confirms the need and feasibility of further development of the Russian icebreaker fleet

WAYS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL ABILITIES IN YOUNG JUDOKAS

This article formulates a new scientific approach to the formation and development of physical qualities of young athletes involved in the sport of judo, such as flexibility, coordination, endurance, high-speed physical qualities. In the course of the study, modern trends in the sports training of young judoists were studied. According to the results of the scientific and literary analysis, the sources propose a methodology that allows using the “principle of maximum efficiency” aimed at the application of technical actions. According to the results of the study, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology was determined, and positive dynamics of indicators was observed in all tests in the experimental group. In the scientific experiment, such research methods as pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics were used.

Analítica del aprendizaje utilizando la herramienta digital Canva en la asignatura de Estudios Sociales

Digital teaching resources are facilitators of the teaching-learning process, to which a learning analytics is applied to corroborate their growth assessments in students. The research objective is to apply learning analytics using the digital teaching resource, Canva, for the transformation of academic quality in the subject of Social Studies. A quantitative methodology was used due to the research's purpose, which demonstrates that digital teaching resources improve teaching quality. The theoretical methods employed were the synthetic analytical and the inductive-deductive, while the empirical aspect involved mathematical statistical methods. The key results indicate that activities utilizing Canva as a digital teaching resource led to superior evaluation quality compared to traditional methodology. This improvement is attributed to motivation and the active teaching methods employed with the teaching medium.

The discourse of American and British political interviews

The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of the political discourse of Great Britain and the United States, in particular the study of the speech style of the leaders, the context and the role of the media in the formation of public opinion. Methods. The study employs the method of analysis of lexical units, the linguistic method of field structures, and the method of stylistic analysis of markers. Standard methods of mathematical statistics were used, as well as Cronbach’s alpha to check the reliability of the research methods. Conclusions. The study reveals the importance of the media’s role in political discourse, especially in the dissemination of political interviews and their public perception. A comparison of UK and US political discourse reveals both similarities and differences in the communication of political leaders, and helps analyse each country’s response to common challenges and issues. Prospects. Further research could focus on gendered aspects of political speech, including the analysis of the gender’s role in shaping political discourse and identifying gender stereotypes.

Improvement of professional preparation of public servants, as a condition of sustainable development of territorial communities in process of interaction with pledges of higher education

Relevance. At an important stage in Ukraine�s foreign and domestic policy, the country is actively seeking its place in the international community and building new European relations. In this context, it is vital to implement state policies for training public servants, enhance pledges of higher education (PHE), and improve collaboration between PHE institutions and territorial communities (TC). Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop a system for improving the training of public servants in the context of organizing the educational process, as a guarantee of the development of TC in the process of interaction with PHE. Methodology. The experimental research methodology involves developing a training system for public servants in PHE, assessing their readiness for professional activities, and identifying interaction methods between TC and PHE. Empirical methods include observation, surveys, diagnostic conversations, questioning, and experiments. Mathematical statistics methods are used to process final indicators of public servants' readiness, ensuring sustainable development of territorial communities through their interaction with higher education institutions. Results. The study defined the concepts of �public administration�, �competence of public servants�, and �training of public servants�, and identified promising directions for improving public servant training. After conducting an experimental study, promising directions for improving the training of public servants for the introduction of professional activities were formed, as conditions for the sustainable development of TC in the process of interaction with PHE. Conclusions. It was found that public servants' training, professional competencies, and standards were at low to medium levels. This highlights the need for pedagogical conditions to improve readiness, including quality training systems, retraining, specialization, qualification improvement, and self-education activities. The practical value of the work lies in the training of a highly qualified specialist capable of realizing the professional potential for the benefit of the state. Keywords: public administration; management of training; international community; technical cooperation; domestic policy

The Effects of Altitude Training on the Performance of Open Water Swimmers

Background and Aim: Training in a low-pressure, low-oxygen environment at the plateau is a difficult challenge for athletes who live on the plains all year round. Athletes need to overcome the stimulation of hypoxia to complete training. This paper aims to explore the influence of altitude training on the special quality, technique, and tactics of open-water swimmers. Methods: The method of literature, experiment, and mathematical statistics is adopted, and the experimental method is the main method. (1) The experimental subjects were male athletes with many years of experience in open-water swimming training and competition. (2) Test variable: swimming pool 1500m freestyle speed, swimming pool 50m freestyle speed, open water speed per lap, stroke amplitude, allocation of swimming speed. Results: (1) There was a significant difference between 1500 m swimming speed and open water swimming speed in the experimental group before and after the experiment; (2) The experimental group had a significant difference in 50m swimming speed before and after the experiment, the control group had a significant difference in 50m swimming speed before and after the experiment, and the two groups had a significant difference in 50m swimming speed after the experiment; (3) There was no significant difference in the athletes' swimming speed allocation after the experiment; (4) The stroke amplitude of the experimental group was significantly different after the experiment, and the stroke amplitude of the control group was significantly different after the experiment. Conclusion: Altitude training can improve the athletes' aerobic exercise ability, improve the athletes' backward swimming speed, and improve the athletes' stroke frequency. However, it has some negative effects on the athletes' speed quality and stroke effect.

Investigation and Analysis of Medical Students' Satisfaction with Public Physical Education Class -- Taking Xi’an Medical University as an Example

Background and Aim： College physical education is the most important stage of school physical education and the most critical stage for students to develop lifelong sports habits. As an important evaluation index of physical education quality in colleges and universities, the study of students' satisfaction can provide a practical basis for improving physical education. As a group of future doctors, medical students' health status directly affects their careers. To understand the medical students' satisfaction with physical education courses, cultivate their interest in sports, and improve their sports skills, so as tote the physical and mental development of medical students. Therefore, to promote the health of medical students, this study started from the satisfaction of physical education curriculum to conduct a status study. Materials and Methods: This research adopts the methods of literature review, expert interview, questionnaire survey, and mathematical statistics, takes "course satisfaction" as the research background, and takes college students of Xi’an Medical University as the survey object, to design a physical education class satisfaction scale for college students of Xi’an Medical University. For medical students, physical education content, physical education class hours, Level of teaching, Teaching methods, Effect of explanation, coaching skills, Solving a problem, and Strict Understanding of the current situation of physical education in medical colleges and universities. Results: The survey found that 90.8% of medical students like physical education classes, 9.2% of medical students do not like physical education classes, and there is no significant difference between different genders and different grades. 69.7% of the medical students were satisfied with the physical education content and class hour arrangement, and there were significant differences in the satisfaction of different genders of medical students with the content and class hour arrangement of physical education, male students were more satisfied with the content of physical education than female students, but there was no significant difference among different grades. Medical students' satisfaction with the teaching, teaching effect, and teaching support of physical education teachers was higher, reaching more than 60%. The score of medical students' satisfaction with the value of physical education for health promotion was more than 4 points. There was a certain degree of gender difference in the specific content, and the score of male students was higher than that of female students. Conclusion: Different genders and different grades of students' satisfaction with physical education classes showed a certain degree of difference. From the results, the satisfaction of male students was higher than that of female students, but the overall satisfaction of medical students with physical education classes showed a relatively satisfactory consistency. The survey found that the most dissatisfied aspects of the students were the teaching support, the lack of physical education teaching venues in the school, the large number of students in class, and the insufficient range of physical activities per capita, which could not allow students to truly integrate into the physical education class.