Imitation Method Research Articles

The Roles of Practitioner’s Handling Speech Disorders Children During Endemic

The aim of this research is to get an insight into practitioner views on developing speech disorders among children in Kuantan, Pahang. This is because the practitioner is responsible for handling and educating them in their speech development. The researcher chooses this topic due to the hiking trend in Malaysia where the number of children with speech disorders keeps on increasing from time to time. To make sure that these research objectives come into play, a selected school or centre by the researcher is a place to obtain appropriate data. To find appropriate data to answer the research questions, a selected practitioner who has depth experience, worked at the centre will be interviewed to materialize the aim of this research. Six random samplings have been chosen as respondents which will answer the interview session and forthwith answer research objectives. All of these practitioners are well experienced in handling children with speech delays. Hence, the validity and reliability of the data are considered conclusive methods had been used in comprehensive qualitative research. An interview session will be conducted with selected practitioners who fulfil the standard outlined earlier, such as vast working experience, deep expertise and well experience in handling children with speech disorders and try to obtain as detailed information as possible with is in line with the research objective and research question. For this research, the semi-structured interview is used as it is easier for the researcher to ask an additional question to the participant during the interview session if the researcher is not satisfied with the answer given. This finding from the data analysed successfully answers the research question of getting the information or experience from the practitioner's perspective in conducting children with speech disorders. This result will discuss on most of the practitioners used methods in enhancing children to develop their speech through the method of imitation, reinforcement, and motivation. Other than that, the biggest challenges faced by the practitioners are in understanding children with speech disorder needs and overcoming the challenges.

Error Bounds of Imitating Policies and Environments for Reinforcement Learning.

In sequential decision-making, imitation learning (IL) trains a policy efficiently by mimicking expert demonstrations. Various imitation methods were proposed and empirically evaluated, meanwhile, their theoretical understandings need further studies, among which the compounding error in long-horizon decisions is a major issue. In this paper, we first analyze the value gap between the expert policy and imitated policies by two imitation methods, behavioral cloning (BC) and generative adversarial imitation. The results support that generative adversarial imitation can reduce the compounding error compared to BC. Furthermore, we establish the lower bounds of IL under two settings, suggesting the significance of environment interactions in IL. By considering the environment transition model as a dual agent, IL can also be used to learn the environment model. Therefore, based on the bounds of imitating policies, we further analyze the performance of imitating environments. The results show that environment models can be more effectively imitated by generative adversarial imitation than BC. Particularly, we obtain a policy evaluation error that is linear with the effective planning horizon w.r.t. the model bias, suggesting a novel application of adversarial imitation for model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL). We hope these results could inspire future advances in IL and MBRL.

An electromyography signals-based human-robot collaboration method for human skill learning and imitation

Human beings have strong perception and decision-making ability. In human-human collaboration, the follower can adjust the motion speed by perceiving the change of external force information, and cooperate with the leader to complete the collaboration task. Transferring human collaboration skills to robots will help improve the flexibility and compliance of human-robot collaboration. For this purpose, an Electromyography (EMG) signals-based human-robot collaboration method is proposed. In the collaboration method, the human arm force, obtained by EMG signals and joint angles, is taken as the interface of human-robot interaction, and the robot is controlled to complete the collaboration task by learning the speed adjustment skills of human tutors. To reduce the inaccuracy and instability of human-robot interaction caused by the fluctuation of EMG signals, the adaptive data correction unit based on tremor information and the input-output control unit based on Naive Bayes are added to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, and the parallel network structure is used to estimate the three-dimensional arm force. Aiming at the problem that the traditional collaborative control model cannot balance the accuracy and rapidity, a multi-model Gaussian process regression algorithm is used to capture the collaboration skills from inaccurate human-human demonstrations in the way of probability estimation. Finally, taking peg-in-hole assembly as an example, the proposed human-robot collaboration method is verified. Compared with the traditional adaptive admittance control, the proposed collaboration method shows better interaction performance, and its assembly time and assembly success rate are improved.

National Ballad Creation Education Under Artificial Intelligence and Big Data.

The efficiency of manual ballad creation is low, and the status quo of music creation education still needs to be improved. Therefore, how to upgrade the creative level of students is studied to improve the creative ability of China’s unique ballad culture. The concept of music theory in the process of music creation is explained, and the application of big data in the NetEase cloud music platform is excavated. Besides, the optical music organization (OMR) method based on artificial intelligence (AI) is proposed using a learning method of style imitation. This method is applied to students’ ballad creation education and tested in the school creation curriculum. It is found that the novelty of the ballads created by the system is slightly better than the existing ballads by comparing the ballads created by the machine with those used as imitation templates. In addition, the students’ learning interests and creative achievement are compared through the comparative experiment. The results show that students’ interest in learning has been significantly improved, and their creative performance in oral language has also been enhanced compared with the control class. As a result, this system is considered to be able to be applied in students’ ballad creation courses and provide some basis for AI creation in related fields.

Action imitation via trajectory-based or posture-based planning.

Imitation is a significant daily activity involved in social interaction and motor learning. Imitation has been theorized to be performed in at least two ways. In posture-based imitation, individuals reproduce how the body should look and feel, and are sensitive to the relative positioning of body parts. In trajectory imitation, individuals mimic the spatiotemporal motion path of the end effector. There are clear anecdotal situations in which one might benefit from imitating postures (when learning ballet) or trajectories (when learning to reach around objects). However, whether these are in fact distinct methods of imitation, and if so, whether they may be applied interchangeably to perform the same task, remain unknown. If these are indeed separate mechanisms that rely on different computational and neural resources, a cost should be incurred when switching from using one mechanism to the other within the context of a single task. Therefore, observing a processing cost would both provide evidence that these are indeed two distinct mechanisms, and that they may be used interchangeably when trying to imitate the same stimulus. To test this, twenty-five healthy young adults performed a sequential multitasking imitation task. Participants were first instructed to pay attention to the limb postures or the hand path of a video-recorded model, then performed a neutral, congruent, or incongruent intervening motor task. Finally, participants imitated the modeled movement. We examined both spatial and temporal imitation accuracy as well as individual spatial consistency. When the primary task involved imitating trajectories, analysis of individual consistency suggested a processing cost: movements following the posture-matching intervening task were less consistent with baseline (neutral) performance, suggesting performance may be disrupted by the incongruence. This effect was not observed when imitating limb postures. In summary, we present initial evidence for a difference between posture matching and trajectory imitation as a result of instructions and intervening tasks that is consistent with the existence of two computationally distinct imitation mechanisms.

Learning Jazz Language by Aural Imitation: A Usage-Based Communicative Jazz Theory (Part 2)

Abstract How can imitation lead to free musical expression? This article explores the role of auditory imitation in jazz. Even though many renowned jazz musicians have assessed the method of imitating recorded music, no systematic study has hitherto explored how the method prepares for aural jazz improvisation. The article uses Berliner's assumption that learning jazz by aural imitation is “just like” learning a mother tongue. The article studies three potential stages in the method, comparing them to the imitative, rhythmic, multimodal, and protosymbolic behavior of infant perception (building on the works of Stern, Trevarthen, and Merleau-Ponty). The demonstrations of the aural imitation method draw on pedagogic experiences accumulated since 1979 at the Jazz Program at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. By analyzing structures of behavior suggested by the method, the article indicates key traits that render aural jazz improvisation possible, such as a fundamental sense of rhythm, formation of symbolic behavior, joint musical attention, and the facility to “hear via the other.” In conclusion, we critically address a frequent theoretical model describing musical improvisation as a synthesis of discrete elements or building blocks.

The analysis of pedagogical technologies efficiency in the professional training of medical specialists

The formation of professional readiness of graduates through the development and improvement of the professional education system is an important criterion for a medical specialist. It is achieved by introducing modern pedagogical technologies into the educational process. The key to the formation of professional readiness of graduates is the use of interactive teaching methods, technologies of a person-oriented approach, formation of students’ communication skills, contextual, imitation and problem-search methods, close cooperation of higher medical education institutions with clinical practice bases, information support, postgraduate training of teachers and graduates of educational institutions, adaptation to new market conditions.
 Based on the conducted research, the following can be concluded: the effectiveness of the application of modern pedagogical technologies in the professional education of medical specialists has prospects for its development, forms a competitive and popular specialist in the labor market; medical education is one of the professional education types and contains a system of knowledge, skills, worldview and behavioral qualities of an individual; the main components for improving the formation of professional training of graduates are clinical training, innovative training methods, support for graduates in the workplace, self-education, motivation, readiness for continuous training and professional development; in the structure of professional training, the most important is psychological readiness of graduates of educational institutions, determined by the mood of the specialist’s psyche and spiritual forces to solve professional problems and perform professional duties. The scientific originality of the obtained research results is determined by the fact that the paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of modern pedagogical technologies in the training of students of graduation groups of specialty 223 Nursing, in order to estimate the degree of importance of mastering their professional skills for their successful professional activity and assessment by graduates of their knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in the future for high-quality performance of professional tasks

Observation as a method of socio-pedagogical research and diagnosis of children with special educational needs in development

The article is devoted to the study of the observation method used in two main varieties of social pedagogy: psychological and social. The novelty of the article lies in the description of the application of the observation method in social pedagogy – a new field of pedagogical knowledge. Its originality is in identifying the specifics of the application of the observation method in the process of socialization of children with special educational needs in development. The relevance of the work is due to the insufficient development of the methodology for applying the observation method in social pedagogy. The content of the study comprises data on children with special educational needs in development, their social adaptation to society, information about the types, methods of observation, applications in working with such children, data on the procedure for using the method of observation of the process of socialization of children with special educational needs in development, information about the use of personal constructs of role-playing, methods of training and imitation. The study aims to identify the effectiveness of the method of observation in social pedagogy as a social tool. Research methods: observation and its types, training, encouragement, role-playing, method of using personal constructs. The results are: installed and describe the different types of surveillance used in social pedagogy; identified and described the procedure of social observation in the study of behavior of children with special educational needs in development and behavior; a comprehensive method of conducting observation combined with the use of other methods is described; conclusions are drawn about the need to use different types of observation in social pedagogy to diagnose, obtain information, and social adaptation of special children to society. Conclusions: the method of observation in the field of social pedagogy is used as an effective method used in the course of work with children with special educational needs in development. This method is used to diagnose the condition of these children and to socialize them with society. In working with such children, psychological and socio-pedagogical observations are used. With the help of these methods, the child’s behavior in performing mental activity is studied. Socio-pedagogical observations are used in the social adaptation of children with special educational needs in development in society.

Error Analysis in Using Chinese Words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望” of STBA-PIA Second Year Student 2019/2020 Academic Year

The purpose of this research is to understand the error types and the error causes of Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing Persahabatan Internasional Asia (STBA-PIA) second year students in using the Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望”. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative and using both elicitation and interview methods for data collection. Picture description and elicited imitation methods are applied as the instruments used for describing the error types in using the Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望”, while interview method is used in defining the causes of errors occurred in using the Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望”. The results of this study show that there are four types of errors occured in using Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望” by STBA-PIA second year students which are error of addition (14.6%), error of substitution (66.5%), error of order (12.6%) and error of omission (6.3%). The results also show that there are two types of error causes, they are interlingual transfer (51.7%) and intralingual transfer (48.3%) in which the intralingual transfer includes the overgeneralization (17.2%), ignore of rule restriction (13.8%), incomplete application of rules (10.3%) and false concept hypothesized (7%). Keywords: Error, Chinese Word, 期望(qiwang), 愿望(yuanwang)

A proposal for an online imitation method of path-tracking behavior by end-to-end learning of vision and action

A proposal for an online imitation method of path-tracking behavior by end-to-end learning of vision and action

The Learning Method Of Gita Buana Soedirman’s Choir Of Jendral Soedirman University Purwokerto

Learning methods are ways of presenting subject matter conducted by educators so that the learning process occurs in students in an effort to achieve goals. The problem in this research is how is the method of learning students’ choir Gita Buana Soedirman Purwokerto. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection is conducted by using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data validity technique used is triangulation. Data analysis was conducted in data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and verification. The results of this study are that in the learning process of the Gita Buana Soedirman Choir’s students apply several learning methods, that are the lecture method, peer tutor method, demonstration method, drill method, and imitation method which are applied continuously and as it should be.

David Clark Taylor, Part 2

David Clark Taylor, Part 2 Kimberly Broadwater (bio) PROVENANCE prov·e·nance (prǒv´ ə nəns) n. Place of origin, source. [Lat. Provenire, to originate.] [A continuation of an excerpt from Taylor's book, The Psychology of Singing: A Rational Method of Voice Culture Based on a Scientific Analysis of All Systems, Ancient and Modern (The Macmillan Company, 1908).] One of the most mysterious facts in the history of Voice Culture is the utter disappearance of the old Italian method. This has occurred in spite of the earnest efforts of vocal teachers to preserve the old traditions. If the conclusions drawn in the preceding chapter are justified, the old method consisted of a system of teaching singing by imitation. Assuming this to be true, there should now be no difficulty in accounting for the disappearance of the imitative method by tracing the development of the mechanical idea. Imitative Voice Culture was purely empirical in the ordinary meaning of this word. The old masters did not knowingly base their instruction on any set of principles. They simply taught as their instincts prompted them. There can now be no doubt that the old masters were fully justified in their empiricism. They taught singing as Nature intends it to be taught. But the old masters were not aware of the scientific soundness of their position. So soon as the correctness of empirical teaching was questioned they abandoned it without an attempt at defense. As a system of Voice Culture, the old method occupied a weak strategic position. With absolute right on its side, it still had no power of resistance against hostile influences. This does not imply that the old masters were ignorant men. On the contrary, the intellectual standard of the vocal profession seems to have been fully as high two hundred years ago as to-day. Even famous composers and musical theorists did not disdain to teach singing. But this very fact, the generally high culture of the old masters, was an important factor in the weakness of the old method against attack. The most intelligent masters were the ones most likely to abandon the empirical system in favor of supposedly scientific and precise methods of instruction. The hostile influence to which the old Italian method succumbed was the idea of mechanical vocal management. This idea entered almost imperceptibly into the minds of vocal teachers in the guise of a scientific theory of Voice Culture. A short historical sketch will bring this fact out clearly. From the founding of the art of Voice Culture, about 1600, up to 1741, no vocalist seems to have paid any attention to the anatomy or muscular movements of the vocal organs. In 1741 a French physician, Ferrein, presented to [End Page 395] the Academy of Sciences a treatise on the anatomy of the vocal organs, entitled "De la Formation de la Voix de l'Homme." This treatise was published in the same year, and it seems to have attracted at once the attention of the most enlightened masters of singing. That Ferrein was the first to call the attention of vocalists to the mechanical features of tone-production is strongly indicated in the German translation of Tosi's "Observations." In the original Italian edition, 1723, and the English translation, 1742, there is absolutely no mention of the anatomy or physiology of the vocal organs. But in preparing the German edition, published in 1757, the translator, J. F. Agricola, inserted a description of the vocal organs which he credited directly to Ferrein. Mancini followed Agricola's example, and included in this "Riflessioni" (1776) a brief description of the vocal organs. But Mancini made no attempt to apply this description in formulating a system of instruction. He recommends the parents of a prospective singer to ascertain, by a physician's examination, that the child's vocal organs are normal and in good health. He also gives one mechanical rule, so obvious as to seem rather quaint. "Every singer must place his mouth in a natural smiling position, that is, with the upper teeth perpendicularly and moderately removed from the lower." Beyond this Mancini says not a word of mechanical vocal management. There is no mention...

AN EVALUATION ON CONCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE IN ART

The concept of art, which has a spiritual meaning in its essence, is the transformation of the created concrete world into qualified objects in the artist's production with the method of imitation and repetition. This transformation makes it necessary to make sense of the concepts related to the object of art. In the historical process of art, getting rid of purely aesthetic concerns and starting to form the predominant side of thought causes the conceptual dimension of the object to be questioned. Some cornerstone works such as Marcel Duchamp's urinal, Robert Rauschenberg's white panels or Malevich's Black Square stand out by gaining value with the new conceptual meanings they add to art with their approaches in the background. In this study, some concepts in art will be examined and evaluations will be made through meaning and concept terminology. Keywords: Meaning in art, conceptual art, phenomenon in art

Application of a brain-inspired deep imitation learning algorithm in autonomous driving

<h2>Abstract</h2> Autonomous driving has attracted great attention from both academics and industries. To realise autonomous driving, Deep Imitation Learning (DIL) is treated as one of the most promising solutions, because it improves autonomous driving systems by automatically learning a complex mapping from human driving data, compared to manually designing the driving policy. However, existing DIL methods cannot generalise well across domains, that is, a network trained on the data of source domain gives rise to poor generalisation on the data of target domain. In the present study, we propose a novel brain-inspired deep imitation method that builds on the evidence from human brain functions, to improve the generalisation ability of DNN so that autonomous driving systems can perform well in various scenarios. Specifically, humans have a strong generalisation ability which is beneficial from the structural and functional asymmetry of the two sides of the brain. Here, we design dual Neural Circuit Policy (NCP) architectures in DNN based on the asymmetry of human neural networks. Experimental results demonstrate that our brain-inspired method outperforms existing methods regarding generalisation when dealing with unseen data. Our source codes and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/Intenzo21/Brain-Inspired-Deep-Imitation-Learning-for-Autonomous-Driving-Systems.

Discovering diverse athletic jumping strategies

We present a framework that enables the discovery of diverse and natural-looking motion strategies for athletic skills such as the high jump. The strategies are realized as control policies for physics-based characters. Given a task objective and an initial character configuration, the combination of physics simulation and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a suitable starting point for automatic control policy training. To facilitate the learning of realistic human motions, we propose a Pose Variational Autoencoder (P-VAE) to constrain the actions to a subspace of natural poses. In contrast to motion imitation methods, a rich variety of novel strategies can naturally emerge by exploring initial character states through a sample-efficient Bayesian diversity search (BDS) algorithm. A second stage of optimization that encourages novel policies can further enrich the unique strategies discovered. Our method allows for the discovery of diverse and novel strategies for athletic jumping motions such as high jumps and obstacle jumps with no motion examples and less reward engineering than prior work.

Features of speech influence in advertising educational services on the Internet

The article is devoted to the features of speech influence in online advertising of educational services. Educational advertising is a type of advertising aimed at promoting educational services, which aims to form the addressee’s belief in the need to use the services of the advertised educational institution. It is argued that the specificity of pedagogical advertising discourse is determined by the goal setting, the importance of the offer to the recipient, the characteristics of the advertised object and the difficulty of carrying out manipulative influence due to the verifiability of the result. Informational, admonishing, and reminiscent ads are highlighted. Pedagogical advertising is characterized by specific features of methods of speech influence and manipulative tactics. Among the methods of speech influence, the most effective is the method of persuasion. No less important is the role played by the methods of inducement, suggestion and imitation. A characteristic feature of educational advertising is the active use of logical arguments when creating arguments. Using emotional arguments helps to increase the impact of an advertisement’s message. By influencing consumer’s emotions, the addresser offers not only educational services, but also positive emotions. When building an emotional argument in educational advertising, emotional and emotional-evaluative vocabulary is used primarily to arouse positive emotions associated with an educational institution in the recipient. It has been determined that the most frequent means of speech influence in pedagogical advertising are positive evaluative vocabulary and vocabulary with emotional and expressive coloring, a verb in the imperative mood, rhetorical means of expression, and above all tropes and figures. The article reveals that advertising texts in the educational sphere have a large number of expressive syntactic constructions and rhetorical figures (first of all, repetition, question-answer constructions, rhetorical appeal, rhetorical exclamation, antithesis). Manipulative speech influence in educational advertising is not frequent. In the pedagogical advertising text, two main manipulative tactics are distinguished: manipulations based on weaknesses and manipulations based on needs.

DEVELOPMENT OF IMITATION METHODS IN THE PAINTING PRACTICE OF THE 16th-17th CENTURY ITALIAN MASTERS

The article explores the imitation methods in Italian Renaissance and Baroque painting, which were widespread in the forms of copying, replication, compilation and imitation. Italian art inherited the practice of imitation from the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It was the basis of apprenticeship and organization of work in art studios. Model imitation and, at the same time, search for stylistic originality from the second half of the 15th century led to the spreading of replication, compilation, imitation and emulation techniques. The practice of imitation was continued by the 17th century Italian masters in the form of self-copying. Thus, the processes of imitation in the form of copying, replication, and compilation during the Renaissance and Baroque were a major component of everyday artistic practice and produced a significant impact on its theoretical comprehension and continuation at the subsequent stages of development.

Вдосконалення системи контролю за якістю мийних засобів з покращеними екологічними характеристиками

Relevance of work. The work is devoted to the improvement of the quality control system of detergents with improved ecological characteristics and the presentation of innovative formulations with its compliance with modern environmental standards. This meets the needs of the modern market of eco-products and the scientific need to develop and evaluate a new generation of detergents. The purpose of the work is to test a number of methods for validity for diagnosing washing powders for their environmental and functional acceptability. Research methods - theoretical and modeling (development of a scheme of complex analysis of washing powders), representative (presentation of innovative recipes) and diagnostic. Within the framework of the latter, the possibilities of correlation-regression and imitation methods in the assessment of detergents with improved environmental characteristics, as well as the method of component-functional analysis of detergents were tested. Results. The validity of the method of ecological labeling for research and quality control of detergents on the basis of the maximum allowable ecological concentration, which limits or prohibits the use of harmful and dangerous substances, is proved. The innovative recipe of detergents on the example of washing powders of the DeLaMark trademark is presented and on the basis of the developed standards its check is carried out. Its ecological and functional acceptability is proved. Perspectives. Detergents' evaluation indicators and methods of their determination established on the basis of experimental researches allow to improve the procedure of control of products of this type, which is important for satisfaction of consumer needs. This makes it possible to develop recommendations for improving the domestic regulatory framework for the production of detergents with improved environmental performance through the use of OSU OEM 08.002.12.065:2016 "Detergents and cleaners. Environmental criteria for life cycle assessment ". The alternative methods used in the work to assess the quality of detergents allow you to effectively choose the most correct method of determining them.

PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP PENERAPAN METODE CERAMAH PLUS DAN METODE IMITASI PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENYAJIAN KARYA MUSIK DI SMA NEGERI 3 PARIAMAN

This study aims to reveal the students ' perception on the application of the lecture method plus and The imitation method applied by the art of culture teacher at SMA Negeri 3 Pariaman on learning presentation of musical works. This research is a type of quantitative study with a descriptive analysis approach. This Data is derived from the results of poll distribution, interviews, and observations, then processed using the TCR score formula and percentages. The first indicator in Questionnaire 1 isAcceptance. It shows how well the students receive the treatment and procedures fromthe teachers who apply the plus lecture method when teaching in the classroom. The score obtained from this indicator is 82, and it is categorized Very well. The second indicator is Understanding. It showshow well the students understand the whole material taught by the the teachers who applied the plus lecture method in the classroom. The score obtained from this indicator is 70.5, and it is categorized Good. The third one is the Assessment indicator. It showsthe students' views towards the assessment given by the teachers who applied the plus lecture method on all aspects of the assessment available to students. The score obtained is 85 3, and it is categorized Very Good. The total score of the three indicators in questionnaire 1 was 238.The first indicator in Questionnaire 2 is Acceptance.It shows how well students receive the learning process given by the teachers applying the imitation method. The score obtained is 97, and it is categorized Very Good. The second indicator isUnderstanding. It shows how well students understand the materials taught and exemplified by the teachers who apply the imitation method to students. The score obtained is 93.3, and it is categorized Very Good. The third one isAssessment indicator. It showsthe students' views towards the accuracy of the teachers assessments viewed from various assessment aspects. The score obtained is 86, and it is also categorized Very Good. The total score of the three indicators is 276.Keywords: Student perception, lecture Plus, imitation method, musical works

A method of phase formation of vocal sound at activities of a training choral collective

The article is devoted to coverage of the stages of forming the vocal sound in a classroom training choir, united in the phase sequence. The feature of the first phase of the vocal sound formation is the creation of the psychological setting, which leads to the very essence of singers’ activity. The second phase is characterized by a change in sound timbre similitude. Enormous pressure is required from the central nervous system to concentrate the inner mental work and make coordination. The sign of the third phase is the appearance of higher positional sound. In the fourth phase, the singing actions are more dynamically stable and coordinated. The fourth phase is characterized by broad compact timbre sound, but something too heavy by the power. A characteristic feature of the fifth phase is the automation of vocal skills, the sound gets flexibility and plasticity. The mechanism of stabilization in the formation of vocal skills that ensure the accuracy, efficiency and stability of the movements of the articulatory apparatus is analyzed. We have substantiated the method of imitation as a psychological process, transformed in the active thinking work and implemented in practice.The basic points of the head of a choir are analyzed, including: work on rounding lighting the sound, singing properly on the organized breathing support, forming a unified manner of sounding voices. It is noted, that the complex interaction of breath, soft palate and larynx ensures the correct formation of the vocal sound. It is determined, that the sound acquires a full quality characteristic only due to the smoothing of the registers. The main criteria of the set, academic voice are characterized, namely: the presence of two singing forms and the work of two resonators, which are equally involved in the formation of both low and high sounds. The mechanism of voice synchronization in choral parts is characterized