Expert Evaluation Method Research Articles

The mechanism for forming the competitiveness of business structures in the agribusiness sphere

The article examines the theoretical-methodological and scientific-practical aspects of the process of forming the competitiveness of agribusiness enterprises. Taking into account the results of the analysis of the historical transformation of scientific thought in the field of competition and competitiveness, the stages of development of the theory of competitiveness of enterprises are highlighted. The structural-functional model of the formation of the competitiveness of an agribusiness enterprise is considered, which formalizes the process of transformation of the components of its existing resource potential and their combination under the influence of the institutional environment of competition. The classification of competitiveness factors is analyzed, which takes into account the regularities of the process of its formation and is based on such classification features as the nature of participation of factors in creating competitive advantages and the scope of their occurrence. The concept of competitiveness management, covering its principles, functions and mechanism, is substantiated. The competitiveness management mechanism includes methods, tools, levers and incentives 3 of purposeful influence on the economic activity of the enterprise in order to create sustainable competitive advantages. The scientific and methodological provisions of the study of the process of forming the competitiveness of agribusiness enterprises, which take into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the agribusiness entity, as well as the degree and nature of the influence of external and internal factors of competitiveness, have been studied. The process of studying the competitiveness of an enterprise includes such methodical procedures as comprehensive diagnostics of competitiveness and analysis of external conditions. It is proved that the choice of the methodology for assessing the level of competitiveness should be based on the features of the information support of agribusiness enterprises. When accessing competitor data, it is recommended to use multivariate methods, including principal component and taxonomic analysis methods, to assess competitiveness. Otherwise, it is advisable to use integral and expert evaluation methods.

Navigating the Digital Horizon: Unlocking Innovative Frontiers in Remote Banking Services

The rapid development of technology allows every industry including banking to adapt to integrate the banking business with technology. This research discusses the importance of digital transformation in the banking world, especially along with the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital transformation is the main key in increasing bank competitiveness, opening greater revenue opportunities, and increasing net profit efficiency. The utilization of digital channels during and after the pandemic has been an integral part of this change. The factors underlying digital transformation involve the increasingly high demands of technological trends. this study uses an analytical analysis approach from secondary data regarding digital banking. Methods of data comparison, data grouping and expert evaluation were conducted to ensure the analysis becomes more accurate. Research and analyses show that the operating costs of digital banks tend to be 40% lower compared to traditional banks. This cost reduction is largely due to increased efficiency, especially in terms of a 50% reduction in headcount. The future of banking cannot rely on the current cost structure, so digital transformation is a must. The importance of adapting to these changes is not only to survive during the crisis, but also to achieve long-term competitive advantage. Banks need to understand that successful digital transformation will open new opportunities and have a positive impact on financial well-being. Thus, this research underlines that digital transformation is not just a necessity, but a strategic investment that will shape the face of banking in the future.

THE METHOD OF OPTIMIZING THE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIO SUPPRESSION MEANS AND DESTRUCTIVE SOFTWARE INFLUENCE ON COMPUTER NETWORKS

Context. Currently, generalized methodical approaches to the development of scenarios of complex radio suppression and electromagnetic influence of typical special telecommunication systems have been developed. However, during the development of possible cases for the complex application of radio suppression and destructive software influence,the problem of optimizing the resource of these means and its distribution according to the goals of radio suppression and objects of destructive computer influence arose, which has not yet been fully resolved.Especially in the literature known to the authors, there is no method for optimizing the resource distribution of radio and computer influence, used for the development and practical implementation of optimal scenarios of destructive influence on computer networks of enemy military groups in military operations.
 Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a problem and develop a method of optimizing the distribution of the resource of radio suppression and destructive software influence for the development of possible scenarios of the enemy’s violation of information exchange in a standart telecommunication network.
 Objective. The purpose of the research is to develop a method for optimizing the distribution of the resource of radio suppression and destructive software influence for the development of scenarios of information exchange violations by the enemy in the telecommunications network.
 Method.To achieve the purpose of the research, the methods of nonlinear optimization of heterogeneous resource distribution, mass service theory, and expert evaluation were comprehensively applied and developed in the field of modeling of information conflict.
 To determine the coefficients of protection of objects from radio-electronic and destructive computer influence, expert evaluation methods are used, in particular, the method of frequencies of preferences of the decision-maker using the Thurstone method. This method requires only one expert (a decision-maker), minimal communication time with him, minimal expert information (full ordering of weighting factors) and can be applied with a small number of evaluated weighting factors.
 To solve the problem of optimal distribution of a heterogeneous resource of means of destructive influence, to ensure the value of the multiplicative objective function of an arbitrary form is not less than the given one, the method of successive increments is applied.
 To determine the efficiency indicator of information exchange violation, the methods of mass service theory are applied, which allows to formalize special telecommunication systems as a set of mass service systems – subsystems of digital communication and computer networks.
 Results. The formulated problem and the entered indicators made it possible to solve the problem of determining the minimum resource of means of destructive influence and their optimal distribution according to the purposes of radio suppression on the objects of destructive program influence in order to achieve the required level of disruption of the efficiency of information exchange in special telecommunication systems.
 Conclusions.According to the results of the article, a method for optimizing the distribution of the resource of radio suppression and destructive software influence has been developed for the development of possible scenarios of information exchange violations by the enemy in a typical telecommunications network.The verification of the proposed method was carried out by comparing the theoretical results with the results of simulated modeling of scenarios of violation of the information exchange in the telecommunications network by the enemy.

Preconditions for creating tools for managing organziational and technological processes of servicing airport cargo flows

Problem. The relevance of airport cargo flow management is gaining increasing significance in the modern world. The involvement of air transport in global supply chains is becoming increasingly topical and important from a practical point of view. The most complex cargo deliveries, especially those of special categories, mostly require the use of air transport due to the advantages it provides, primarily speed and reliability. The need to comprehensively take into account adverse factors and uncertainty when servicing airport cargo flows is becoming progressively more apparent. Goal. The goal is to identify tools for managing the organisational and technological processes of servicing cargo flows at the airport, which will prevent the occurrence of disruptive situations in the airport operation, increase the speed of service and ensure the integrity of cargo. Methodology. Methods of system analysis, expert evaluation, formalisation, technical and economic analysis are used. Results. The key aspects of cargo flow management at the airport were identified, including the classification of uncertainty conditions arising in the servicing of airport cargo flows, the analysis and visualisation of the places of increasing the impact of uncertainty and risks in cargo processing at the airport, which allowed to propose a scheme for the creation and implementation of the relevant tools. Originality. The complexity and systematic nature of the task of managing cargo flows at the airport is proposed, with the creation of original tools. This will allow airports to significantly improve their competitiveness and adaptability to the latest transport and technological schemes of cargo delivery and global supply chains. Practical value. It is determined by bringing the research results to the level of practical recommendations and testing the proposed innovations at airports of different levels.

METHODS AND MODELS FOR EVALUATING THE LEVEL OF REAL ESTATE USE AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

In the conditions of transformational processes, determined by the inhibition of the development of land relations, a decrease in their effectiveness, and a reduction in the level of use of real estate objects at the regional level, there is a need to rethink approaches to creating a quantitative basis for decision-making through the application of methods and evaluation models. In this context, it is crucial to highlight the importance of applying appropriate methods to assess the factors influencing the level of real estate use at the regional level, with a particular emphasis on expert and analytical methods. Spatial, functional, investment, and environmental factors affecting the use of real estate are evaluated based on these methods. As a result of the research, the methods and models for real estate use processes at the regional level are proposed. It made it possible to form a mathematical basis and identify the appropriate tools for developing a method of assessing the level of real estate use and creating a quantitative basis for developing measures to improve the efficiency of its use at the regional level. By employing the expert evaluation method, an analysis of real estate utilisation indicators at the regional level is conducted. This analysis enables the formation of a concrete quantitative basis for further developing an appropriate evaluation method. It is noticeable that this approach made it possible to identify and evaluate the current situation and also to create the basis for forecasting future indicators of real estate use. In addition, mathematical modelling is used for detailed data analysis and determination of relationships between various factors affecting the use of real estate. It allowed us to understand which factors have the most significant influence on the efficiency of real estate use and the order of their interaction. As a result of the study, scientifically based recommendations on increasing the efficiency of real estate use were developed. These recommendations, based on objective data, consider all aspects affecting the problem, making it possible to make more accurate and informed decisions regarding the optimisation of the use of real estate in the regions. Keywords: spatial provision, use of real estate, method, models, evaluation, land use, information support.

Formation of Students' Readiness for Research Activities in the Context of STEM-Education

The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the problem of students' readiness for research activities, gender peculiarities of this issue. Research activity is considered as a special type of creative activity that arises as a result of search activity and involves independent research aimed at theoretical and experimental study of phenomena and processes, substantiation of facts, identification of patterns using scientific methods of knowledge.
 STEM education is aimed at developing a personality through the formation of competencies, a natural science picture of the world, and life values using a transdisciplinary approach to learning based on the practical application of scientific, mathematical, technical, and engineering knowledge and skills to solve practical problems for their further use in professional activities and science. The authors assume that the introduction of the main forms of STEM education (STEM lesson, STEM project, STEM quest, STEM hackathon) will contribute to the formation of students' readiness for research activities.
 In order to study the main features of the formation of students' readiness for research activities, the authors of the article used theoretical and empirical research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical practice; survey; method of expert evaluation: longitudinal research method. To process the empirical data, the procedures of qualitative and quantitative analysis were used. The research work covered 620 7th grade students of general secondary education institutions from 5 regions of Ukraine during the 2021-2022 academic year.
 The research findings do not claim to be an exhaustive solution to the problem, but contain significant conclusions. It is necessary to further study the structure of students' readiness for research work, as well as the use of the latest forms, methods and means of its formation in the learning process.

К вопросу об оценке тяжести людских потерь при террористических актах, совершённых с применением обычных средств поражения

Summary. Objectives of the study are as follows: on the basis of studying and analyzing methodological approaches to assessing the severity of human losses in terrorist acts committed with the use of conventional means of destruction to develop proposals for further improvement of these methodological approaches; to assess the severity of human losses being the result of terrorist attacks committed on the territory of Russia in 1999-2005. Materials and research methods. The materials of the research are normative and methodical documents regulating the procedure of assessment of human losses in emergency situations, including terrorist acts; reports of territorial centers for disaster medicine about terrorist acts committed on the territory of Russia in 1999-2005; data of survey maps and expert evaluation of the subject of the research; scientific works and publications devoted to methods of assessment of severity of consequences of emergency situations and terrorist acts. The following scientific methods were used in the study: content analysis method, method of expert evaluation, statistical and analytical methods. Results of the study and their analysis. The results of the study of methodological approaches to assessing the severity of human losses in terrorist attacks and other emergencies are presented. Reasoned proposals are made to improve the methodological approaches to assessing the severity of human losses in terrorist acts and to use a comprehensive integral methodological approach for this purpose. The results of the research have shown that the existing technologies of determining the severity of human losses in terrorist attacks do not allow to have objective and complete reliable data on the injured, on the volume and specificity of work performed by medical workers in providing medical care and medical evacuation in the course of saving lives and preserving health of the injured in terrorist attacks. Using the proposed complex integral methodological approach, an assessment of the severity of human losses in terrorist acts committed on the territory of Russia in 1999-2005 is given.

Оказание скорой специализированной медицинской помощи и проведение медицинской эвакуации с использованием санитарной авиации в Республике Саха (Якутия) в условиях пандемии Covid-19

Summary. The aim of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of sanitary aviation work in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and research methods. The subject of the study is the work of the Disaster Medicine Service of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); the object of the study is the volume and structure of sanitary tasks performed during the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Research methods were analytical methods, methods of expert evaluation and mathematical analysis. Results of the study and their analysis. A comparative analysis of the main performance indicators of the Republican Center for Disaster Medicine of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2020-2022 is presented. The results of the study indicate that during the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 the air ambulance service of the Republic worked with increased workload. Under the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic, emergency medical care and medical evacuation of not only patients with severe form of new coronavirus infection, but also of patients with other nosologic forms of diseases requiring emergency medical intervention were provided. The conclusion about the acute urgency of using sanitary aviation in vast sparsely populated areas of other regions is made.

Development of Beer Mixed Drinks Compositions with “Oat Milk” and Juices

Topicality of the study is due to the current tendencies in the beer market. Low-alcohol beer drinks (beer mixed drinks), which contain raw materials of plant origin that enrich them with useful nutrients and diversify their taste and aroma properties, are becoming more and more popular. Various types of “plant milk” and juices containing useful vitamins and minerals are in great demand among health-conscious supporters. Therefore, researching the properties of low-alcohol beer drinks with “plant milk” and juices is promising. The aim of the article is to elaborate compositions of beer drinks with “oat milk” and juices, to determine their physico-chemical and organoleptic properties, as well as calculate their complex quality indicators. Research methods. To achieve the goal, standard methods of determining organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of beverages were used, additionally, the method of expert evaluation and the calculation method for defining qualitative and quantitative indicators of drinks were applied. Results. Developed compositions of beer drinks with “oat milk” and juices are opaque homogeneous liquids. The color, taste and aroma of these beverages depend on the ingredients used. Based on the results of calculation of the comprehensive quality indicator, the composition of beer mixed drinks with “oat milk” and apple-blackcurrant, apple-blueberry juices is recommended; physico-chemical indicators are within the following limits: mass content of alcohol – 2.2...3.1%; density – 1062...1072 kg/ m3; active acidity – pH 4.8...5.3. Nutritional value of recommended compositions of beer mixed drinks (g / 100 g of drink): protein content – 0.3...0.4; fat content – 0.8...1.0; carbohydrate content – 5.2...6.1. The energy value of the recommended compositions of beer drinks is 44.5...46.7 kcal / 100 g. Conclusions and discussion. The use of “oat milk” in combination with apple-blackcurrant or apple-blueberry juices for the preparation of beer drinks allows to expand the range of low alcohol drinks and increase their biological value. Elaborated compositions of beer drinks contain vitamins and minerals present in natural juices and “oat milk”. Such drinks are recommended for introduction in restaurants as an alternative to beer; they have a lower alcohol content, original taste and aroma properties.

The impact of digital technologies on the effectiveness of english language learning by medical students

Globalization and increasing demands on specialists determined the need to learn a foreign language in the modern world. Consequently, higher education institutions need to improve the educational programme for the preparation of future specialists for professional activities. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of modern digital technologies during the study of a foreign language by medical students. The research employed the methods of expert evaluation, preand post-testing (CEFR), a survey with the inclusion of a technology perception model. Cronbach’s alpha was used to check the reliability of the used questionnaires. Cohen’s kappa coefficient and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for statistical processing of the results. The study found that students of the experimental group who studied using different digital technologies showed significantly more success in improving foreign language skills after the final test than students of the control group. The novelty of this study is that the study of English by medical students was carried out using digital technologies that were chosen according to the age, profession and foreign language proficiency level of the experimental sample of students. Prospects for further research may be to determine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence during foreign language learning by medical students.

The Concept and Content of Operational-Investigative Characteristics of Illegal Consumption and Traffi cking of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

The authors tried to defi ne the concept and content of the operational-investigative characteristics of illegal consump-tion and traffi cking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and their precursors. In the work, the author used methods of system analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to determine the key concepts used in the work. The statistical method helped to determine the relevance of the topic under consideration. The conclusions were obtained using the analysis of docu-ments and the method of expert evaluation. Based on the study of regulatory legal acts and the positions of scientists, the content of the operational and investigative characteristics of drug traffi cking has been determined. It is established that in the theory of operational-investigative activity, the operational-investigative characteristic occupies an independent place and is aimed at preventing the commission of crimes (including in the fi eld of drug traffi cking).

Using Descriptive Logic in Intelligent Educational Systems

The purpose of the article is to study and solve the problems of using the basic principles of the modern formalism of descriptive (terminological) logic in intelligent learning systems that use knowledge bases of educational content. The research methods are the main methodological approaches and technological tools for the development of intelligent learning systems. In particular, systemic and comparative analyses to identify the features of intelligent learning systems, the method of expert evaluation, which involves the analysis of literature and information resources, interviews and surveys of experts in the field of information technology and mathematical logic, as well as the process of developing and testing an intelligent system. The scientific novelty of the study is the development of a system for obtaining expert knowledge for an intelligent system that combines the formation of an expert knowledge base, and the formalism for representing which is descriptive logic. The proposed approach of formalized knowledge representation using descriptive logic can be used in the development of authors’ intelligent learning systems in the field of online education and cognitive skills development. Conclusions. The scope of application of descriptive logic in intelligent systems is constantly expanding, increasing the capabilities of these systems to formally derive new knowledge, including in conditions of incomplete certainty. Descriptive logic, used in intelligent learning systems, provides ample opportunities for building a conclusion (i.e., forming an answer), in particular in situations such as forming and answering various types of queries to the system’s knowledge base (e.g., fully defined and clearly formulated, incompletely defined and vaguely formulated, completely vague, incompletely defined and clearly formulated, completely vague, completely vague and vaguely formulated), helping to specify the query. To do this, it is necessary to formulate a rigorous number system (to build an axiomatic theory). Thus, as a means of solving semantic and logical problems, descriptive logic has become a unique and powerful mechanism for representing knowledge. The successful use of descriptive logic in the author’s intelligent educational system will ensure the improvement of the quality of the educational process; monitoring of the learning process and control of its results; will facilitate the integration of this system into many modern information educational systems; will provide various consultations, advice, interpretations, explanations regarding the educational content or educational process, as well as a wide range of topics of educational content and tests of different levels.

Preparation of future science teachers for cognitive visualization of the educational process

The issue of designing a qualitative educational environment for the formation of a flexible personality in the light of global world changes has been actualized in the article. Its main essential characteristic is the ability to adapt to the changing conditions of the modern natural and social environment. We consider the visualization of the educational process as a means of improving the quality of educational services, forming a holistic perception of the environment that combines logical and visual thinking. According to the purpose of the article, based on the analysis of existing visualization techniques and their expert evaluation, the most effective ones for mastering the content of natural sciences disciplines as well as professional and methodological training of future natural sciences teachers have been identified and substantiated. The significance of visualization techniques for the educational environment has been determined by the method of expert evaluation according to the criterion of «didactic quality». Its indicators are: the possibility to use information educational environment of the higher education institution on the base of existing material and technical support; importance for creating a positive emotional background for teaching; importance for organizing interactive pedagogical interaction of participants in the educational process; accessibility for perception of educational information; expediency of use in the future natural sciences teachers professional training; easy to use both for teachers and students. The five most effective visualization techniques for ensuring a holistic perception of knowledge by combining logical and imaginative thinking (scribing, mind map, infographics, timeline, tag cloud) have been identified by ranking. The effectiveness of the scribing technique and its influence on the formation of indicators of the fully assimilated knowledge quality such as depth and awareness has been experimentally proved.

Study of the Relationship Between Regional Development and the Activities of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses

Relevance. In modern economic conditions it is necessary to improve the management process of regional development, to find resources to increase the economic security of the region, to increase the sustainability of the development of regional socio-economic system in an uncertain external environment. An essential resource for the development of regions and the country as a whole is the activity of small business.The purpose is to develop an algorithm for comprehensive assessment of regional development, including the analysis of correlation with labor productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises.Objectives: to analyze approaches to the essence and content of the concept of "development" of the enterprise and the region in the modern conditions of the Russian economy; to formulate the main goals and directions of development of the enterprise and the region in accordance with differentiated approaches to the interpretation of development; to develop and apply the algorithm of complex assessment of regional development on factual materials; to determine strategic directions of formation of the environment of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship to strengthen the propulsive impact on the regional development.Methodology. The basis of the conducted research are the methods of system analysis, expert evaluation, correlation and regression analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis, graphic and tabular visualization of the obtained research results.Results. It is proposed to identify the propulsive impact of SME activity as a structural element of the regional socio-economic system on the final results of its development. The research and measurement of socio-economic development of the regions of the Central Federal District in accordance with the proposed algorithm, one of the stages of which is the assessment of the correlation between the level of development of the region and the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises. On the basis of the obtained data the directions of creation of favorable guarantee conditions for the support of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship as a multiplier of socioeconomic development are determined.Conclusions. Within the framework of the conducted research the technology of research and assessment of the impact of small and medium-sized entrepreneurship on regional development with the subsequent transformation of the assessment results into strategic directions of formation of favorable and stimulating environment for small business as a driver of regional development was proposed.

Corpus linguistics in building professional communicative competencies of graduates of higher educational institutions

The purpose of the article is to study the role of corpus linguistics methods in the formation of students’ professional communicative competence. The study used the method of expert evaluation, a method of questionnaire with open questions. There was a change in the minimum score in the experimental group ranging from 50 to 67. Such results are signifi cant and demonstrate the eff ectiveness of the method under consideration. After the experimental training, the value of the criterion was Temp2=4.41, which is higher than the critical value. The practice of creating a corpus at the stage of course planning and selection of educational content has proven its capability and, most importantly, its versatility. The use of both the idea of compiling a subject area corpus and the statistical evaluation of vocabulary is highly eff ective. A scientifi cally based selection of professionally relevant foreign language vocabulary items is eff ective in Teaching a foreign language for any profession. Further research should be aimed at expanding the scope of corpus linguistics in this area.

Procedural aspects of admission to medical activity of persons who have received medical (pharmaceutical) education in the territories of the new subjects of the Russian Federation before September 30, 2022 and Ukraine

RELEVANCE: Study of peculiarities of authorization measures formed by the regulator to ensure the safety of medical services rendered to the population acquires particular relevance in view of the current geopolitical situation and the need for employment in the Russian Federation of citizens educated in foreign countries, including Luhansk and Donetsk Peoples Republics, Kherson and Zaporozhye regions, as well as Ukraine. The issue of admission of these medical (pharmaceutical) workers to carry out professional activities in the territories of the new subjects is also of interest.
 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: Based on the analysis of the normative-legal base of regulation of admission to medical (pharmaceutical) activities of specialists who received their professional education in the territory of foreign countries and republics of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to identify ways of implementing state guarantees of quality medical care and social guarantees to the population of the new regions of the Russian Federation, in terms of admission of these medical specialists to professional activities.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: By method of expert evaluations the analysis of normative base of the Russian Federation regulating legal relations of subjects at reception of admission to medical (pharmaceutical) activity in case of reception of professional education in foreign states and republics of the former USSR was carried out.
 RESULTS: The normative-legal base of admission of the specialists, who got medical (pharmaceutical) education outside the territory of Russia, to professional activity, which was in force since 1995, provided in the part concerning the measures on rendering qualitative and safe medical aid to the population. Under the conditions that led to the accession of new subjects on September 30, 2022, the federal executive bodies involved in the admission of specialists with medical (pharmaceutical) education, obtained on the territory of new subjects of the country before their accession or in Ukraine, have adapted the existing order in the following ways: the allocation of these specialists in a group, for which a temporary order was developed, as well as optimization of time intervals for the implementation of a number of activities in obtaining admission to the new subjects of the country. These changes fully correspond to the state policy on support of new regions of the country and persons who arrived in Russia from the territory of Ukraine to improve the level of education and qualification of the personnel of the health care system.

Ініціативи міжнародних організацій для розвитку інструментів сталого фінансування

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation have created many difficulties for doing business in Ukraine. However, despite the existing challenges, representatives of domestic business continue to adhere to the standards of sustainable development. In turn, financial institutions, as well as the financial regulator, continue to stimulate mechanisms and develop trends in sustainable financing. Thus, the National Bank presented the Policy on the development of sustainable financing for the period until 2025. The development of the policy was carried out in the framework of cooperation with the International Finance Corporation, whose experts emphasized the need to develop a roadmap for sustainable financing, which will allow combining the capabilities of the private and public sectors in order to strengthen the practices of sustainable financing with the support of the state. Accordingly, the implementation of sustainable development initiatives in the financial sphere requires state support, and also involves the application of the experience of international organizations and the study of successful international practices of sustainable financing. Problem Statement. Assessment of the role of international organizations in the development of tools for sustainable financing at the level of national economies. The purpose is to substantiate the essential characteristics of sustainable financing tools, evaluate successful practices of strengthening sustainable financing within the framework of initiatives of international and European organizations with the aim of applying them in the process of building a domestic sustainable financing policy and strategy, forming and applying roadmaps for financing sustainable development priorities based on innovative tools. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. The article examines the modern characteristics of sustainable financing and its evolution, the typology of sustainable financing. The basics of the spread of sustainable financing practices in Europe, as well as the essential characteristics of sustainable financing instruments (social and green bonds, social and green loans, sustainable development bonds and loans) are considered. An assessment of the volume and distribution of sustainable development financing instruments at the international level was made. At the international level, in connection with the diversification of the priority areas of attracting financial resources by the World Bank Group, there was a need to create separate organizations aimed at financing the priorities of sustainable development. In particular, one of such separate institutions is the International Finance Corporation (IFC). Accordingly, the article emphasizes the inclusive business model of IFC. In turn, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) was created based on the combined efforts of a number of countries around the world, the European Union (EU) and the European Investment Bank (EIB). The article focuses on the strategic areas of activity and products of the EBRD. A guide to the application of international experience of sustainable financing in Ukraine was considered. Conclusions. Thus, the study of the initiatives of international organizations in the development of sustainable financing tools makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the role of the interaction of the state, business and international organizations in order to accumulate efforts to strengthen sustainable financing through the use of innovative tools, the creation of appropriate policies and the development of sustainable development roadmaps. In Ukraine, the policy of sustainable financing is based on the cooperation of the NBU and the IFC and is implemented through a road map, which is of an applied nature and is intended to monitor the business activity of the NBU in terms of the formation of predictable and stable regulatory foundations with the aim of spreading sustainable financing in the country with specific time norms and taking into account the need to ensure the consistency and adaptability of the banking system and non-bank financial institutions to changes.

A novel data-driven optimization framework for unsupervised and multivariate early-warning threshold modification in risk assessment of deep excavations

Due to the great uncertainty and complexity in the underground environment, precious risk perception in underground construction is a highly challenging problem. Excessive false-positive alarms (FPA) and false-negative alarms (FNA) generated by the unreasonable setting of early-warning values are the main causes to affect the safety of engineering in underground construction. Aiming to reduce the FPA and FNA in risk assessment of an excavation procedure, this paper provides a novel data-driven optimization framework for early-warning threshold modification based on massive field monitoring data. The multi-objective expected value optimization (MEVO) approach is applied to achieve the goal of unsupervised and multivariate modification tasks. Firstly, the objective functions of the MEVO approach are established with the combination of grey relational analysis and Cosine similarity measure. Secondly, the expected values of objective functions are calculated based on the expert evaluation method and Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the sample sequence generated from observed monitoring data satisfying the expected values is selected as the optimal solution. A case study is utilized to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach. The result from the case study indicates that: (1) The proposed approach modifies the multivariate early-warning values to decrease the number of alarms with a reduction ratio of 12% in the training set; (2) The early-warning frequency under the modified values is lower than that under the original values during the whole excavation stages in the testing set; (3) The modified threshold values fall within the threshold intervals based on expert evaluation method, which are capable of improving risk assessment in current practice. In short, our proposed approach enables a more accurate and intelligent evaluation of the risk state by formulating more credible criteria. It contributes to serving as a reliable decision tool for ensuring construction safety during deep excavation.

An examination of the content of diabetes websites targeting Arabic speakers

BackgroundThere has been an increase in the numbers of people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region seeking online information about diabetes, as the Internet is considered a helpful tool for finding information about disease prevention and treatment. It is important that the sources available are reliable, trustworthy and easily accessible. However, the quality and readability of such information is questionable. This study examines the content of Arabic diabetes websites and offers recommendations to improve engagement and access to health information. MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional analysis approach to assess diabetes websites targeting Arabic speakers in the MENA countries. Google trends was utilized to reveal the top searched topics across the MENA region, which were used as search terms to identify the websites in search engines, resulting in the examination of 26 websites. The analysis combined automated tools with expert evaluation methods and involved five dimensions: quality, readability, engagement, popularity, and availability. ResultsOverall, the majority of the websites performed poorly in the five dimensions and thus require careful reassessment of their content, design, and readability; no website performed well in all dimensions. Only two websites (7.6%) were HONcode certified, and none of the websites achieved a high score in the DISCERN analysis. The readability scores indicated that most websites were above the recommended level of reading. The results also revealed that all websites had poor engagement. Half of the websites had good ranking, and 58% of the websites covered all of the target topics. Of the websites examined, the non-commercial and non-professional sites (classified as “others”) seem to have greater readability, higher bounce rates and longer visit duration than the commercial sites. ConclusionsThe results from this study show a need for improving the content of diabetes information websites available to Arabic speakers. In order to develop websites that contain easy-to-read and understand high-quality information, collaboration between multiple stakeholders is necessary.

Assessment of Economic Security of Agricultural Exports of Kazakhstan

The agricultural sector of the country’s economy is one of the key areas of economic growth, an element of expanding export potential, which ensures the food and social security of Kazakhstan. Assessment of the probability and degree of threats in the organization of agricultural exports is an important area of research. The research is based on the following scientific methods: generalization, analysis, synthesis, statistical methods, graphical visualization, expert evaluation method. The analysis was based on statistical data from 2019 to 2021. This time interval covers the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of agricultural exports. The purpose of the study is to summarize the most important criteria for assessing the likelihood and degree of threats in the organization of agricultural exports. The work highlights the significant stages and procedures of the export organization, and threat assessment indicators are summarized on the basis of expert assessment. The developed and proposed measurable values of indicators will allow the company to assess, monitor the probability and degree of occurrence of threats at the stages of the export process. The application of the assessment methodology will allow exporters and government agencies to rationally organize the infrastructure for exporting agricultural producers’ products.