Corpus linguistics in building professional communicative competencies of graduates of higher educational institutions

Introduction. The current international geopolitical situation and modern technical level of weapons, military and special equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation place high demands on gr aduates of higher military educational institutions (vvuz), on which the defense capability of our Motherland, the strength and power of its army directly depends. Therefore, the training of officers is one of the most important priority areas of military construction of the Russian army. An important role in this matter belongs to the military professional training of young officers, the readiness of graduates of higher education institutions for future service in the military, military administration bodies, educational and research organizations, the formation of their responsible and interested attitude to their work. The successful solution of the problem of military vocational training of graduates of higher education institutions is possible with the help of a competent approach set out in the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education of the third generation (FGOS)Problem statement. The main objective of this work is to substantiate the military-professional competencies received by cadets during their studies at higher education institutions.Methodology of the study. In the course of this study, methods of analysis and synthesis were used, a set of measures was carried out, including collection, comparison, generalization, ranking, formulation, targeting.Results. Based on the results of the work carried out, the most important military professional competencies of future officers were substantiated. Graduates of higher military education institutions should be able to conduct combat training classes with subordinates; organize the daily service activities of subordinates; ensure the safety of military service of subordinates; ensure the strengthening of military discipline in a subordinate military unit.Conclusions. The article considers and substantiates the definitions of “competence” and “competency”, “professional competence of military personnel”, which most accurately correspond to the modern educational paradigm that is based on personality-oriented learning and competence-based approach, currently implemented in the Russian education system. The conclusions are formulated based on the results of consideration and analysis of these terms. In addition, based on the analysis and synthesis of the content of the current FGOS for higher professional education and the requirements for the training of specialists of the Military Training and Scientific Center of the Air Force “Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy”, as well as relying on the results of an expert survey of corresponding relevant categories of the permanent staff of the Air Force and representatives military units, a number of relevant military-professional competencies were substantiated, which it is advisable to form among officers-graduates of the higher military educational institution. The results obtained in the work can be applied not only in higher military education institutions, but also in edu cational institutions of other departments.

The article evaluates the results of scientific research on the specific features of the formation of qualified labor resources in the agricultural sector. The results of the study conducted by a group of experts from the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia and the SRI Higher School of Economics with the participation of the author in 2017 are compared with the results of similar studies in the period 2018-2020. The article reveals the existing close relationship between social problems in rural areas and the lack of interest in graduates of specialized agricultural higher educational institutions in job placement in their specialty. The work analyzes the negative impact of short industrial practice of students on the agricultural education quality and assesses the consequences of the lack of a modern technological base for conducting practical training in many higher educational institutions, which leads to the unreadiness of graduates for independent work. The possible ways of finding a balance of interests between the regional administration, higher agricultural educational institution, students and business are considered on the example of the activities of the Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. The article also highlights the problems in the field of education and obtaining new competencies faced by representatives of peasant (farm) households. In conclusion, proposals are made to solve the urgent problems of agricultural education. Basic provisions: - the job placement of graduates of higher educational institutions in agricultural enterprises is negatively affected by the social problems of the village; - graduates of agricultural universities do not meet the expectations of employers, as educational institutions do not provide sufficient practical knowledge and skills due to the lack of orientation for the practical activities of future specialists; - for representatives of peasant (farm) households, distance education forms and the availability of highly qualified consultants in the field of digital technologies and product promotion are necessary.

The concept of introduction of modern standards of vocational education in the educational process of a higher school on the basis of a competent approach in foreign countries is analyzed. It is revealed that the main idea of the competent approach is competence-oriented education, aimed at the comprehensive assimilation of various knowledge and methods of practical activity through the acquisition of appropriate competences, through which a person successfully implements himself in various fields of his professional activities, acquires social independence, becomes mobile and qualified. In order for vocational education to meet the needs of the labor market, a component of social partnership is being implemented. His key participant is an employer who creates professional standards and helps in the implementation of dual education. In addition, informal and informal education will be recognized within the framework of the social partnership. Improving the quality of education is planned due to the modernization of the educational environment, the involvement of employees in the production and service sectors, the promotion of professional development of teachers of the institution. They will also create the necessary training facilities for people with special educational needs. Considerable attention needs to be given to the problem of reducing the level of motivation of school graduates to receive a pedagogical profession, ineffective work placement systems for graduates of higher pedagogical educational institutions and lack of mobility of the retraining system of teaching staff in accordance with the needs of the labor market. Recently, the level of requirements for the work of the teacher and the burden on him is constantly increasing, and the prestige of the teacher’s work is decreasing; The cooperation of parents and the public with educational collectives of educational institutions remains rather weak. Professional education in Ukraine is carried out in the system of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions: in universities, academies, institutes, colleges, technical schools, technical, pedagogical, medical and art schools. According to many scholars and experts in the educational sector, the system of higher education in the XXI century will be influenced by world trends. Modern higher education departs from the study aimed at the quantitative (ballroom) dimension, the world is interested in what the graduates of the higher educational institution specifically know how to work, which skills and competences were acquired by a higher education student throughout the entire period of study.

The article considers the study of the features of socialization of graduates of higher educational institutions, young professionals in the modern labor market. It is focused on the requirements of modern employers, which have been studied for several years in the construction and architectural industries. If a few years ago employers paid attention to the so-called hard skills that can be checked using a variety of exams, tests (professional competence, knowledge of foreign languages, computer skills, etc.), now the most important are soft skills - universal competencies that are difficult to quantify. These very relevant skills include communication skills, the ability to work in a team, creativity, punctuality, balance, responsibility and the ability to adapt to the new conditions of the modern market.
 The study and analysis of employers' requirements allowed us to conclude that the most significant and popular qualities can be called the "3-C-formula": communication skills, creativity and corporate identity. It is difficult to imagine any professional activity without communicating with other people: they can be colleagues, customers, subordinates, managers, etc.
 The article describes the psychological and psychophysical signs of successful communication. Special attention is paid in the article to cultivation of the above-mentioned qualities, starting with the audience of third-level education applicants, masters.
 The article also provides a comprehensive interpretation of the concept of "creativity" and "innovation". The article also analyzes the concept of "corporate identity" as the key to successful professional activities of the team for the common good, the overall success of a particular company. The concept of a "corporate person", which is common in modern psychology, is also defined.

Introduction. Article analyzes the higher education current state discusses problems and imbalances in its development and labor market demand. The purpose of the study is to determine the relevance of the areas of training offered by the higher education institutions to the economy structure and the needs for specialists in the labor market, to assess the degree of employment of graduates of higher educational institutions. Methods: methods of comparative, statistical, graphical analysis of the data. The study determined that the structure of specialists graduation in higher education systems, due to the influence of many factors, is often determined not by the needs of economiс, but by the demand of the population in the field of education as well as the preferences and ideas of the applicants. Results. This leads to an imbalance on the labor markets and inefficiency in spending public and private funds on higher education. In the course of the study, methodological approaches to assessing the balance between the number of graduates of higher educational institutions and the needs of the labor and economic markets are presented. The article substantiates the need to develop of coordinated management decisions in the personnel training system aimed at its balanced development and achieving a balance of economic interests of all actors should be focused on creating effective foresight tools for forecasting the promising directions for the education system development and taking into account the needs labor market and economy.

The development of soft skills is in the focus of attention of the world's largest companies and organizations, in particular, the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD), the World Economic Forum (WEF). This is due to the fact that geopolitical and technological trends determine the skills that future specialists need to meet the requirements of the labor market. In the conditions of technological development of a dynamically developing modern society, radical changes in world education, expressed in the formation of a single educational space, the needs of the subjects of education have strengthened the requirements for higher education. As part of this process, new educational standards, a new system for assessing the quality of education are being introduced, modules of educational programs integrated with production are being developed. This, in turn, contributes to the search for the closest and optimal ways to form soft skills of graduates of higher educational institutions to real working conditions. Interdisciplinary direction plays a crucial role in almost all professional fields. The problem of the development of soft skills since the middle of the last century has been dealt with at various times by many scientists who consider and study the concept of soft skills in various aspects. This article, presented in this regard, substantiates the relevance of the formation of soft skills in future specialists. The definitions of the concepts of skill, soft skill, which have been studied and formulated in the fundamental research works of research scientists, are given. Classifications of scientists from far and near abroad by components of soft skills and their psychological component are systematized in the form of tables. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the authors identified the main components of soft skills, such as emotional intelligence, communication skills, critical thinking skills and leadership. The psychological features of the components of soft skills and their relationship are determined. The most important factors of the information and communication technologies (ICT) market are defined as technological development, continuous expansion of the ICT space, the need for a high level of soft skills. The importance of the formation of soft skills among graduates of higher educational institutions is shown.

It is indicated that the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which has been going on for the third year, and the progress of European integration processes taking place in our country, require overcoming challenges in the field of higher legal education. One of the important such challenges is the increase in demand from employers for qualified graduates of higher educational institutions who have modern theoretical and practical training in the fields of tax, administrative, contractual, economic and corporate law. At the same time, there is a high demand among employers for specialists who specialize in the field of corporate relations for legal support of the business activities of international corporations working in the agricultural and other sectors of the Ukrainian economy; participation in international and national arbitration and commercial courts in the consideration of corporate disputes in the interests of companies that do not fulfill their obligations in favor of counterparties that maintain relations with the aggressor state or sanctioned persons; judicial protection of corporate rights of foreign and domestic investors; protection in international arbitrations of the interests of Ukrainian business companies that supply material property for the Armed Forces of Ukraine in case of violation of their obligations to them by foreign companies; participation in legal proceedings regarding the recovery of funds and other assets from sanctioned persons in favor of Ukraine or its business entities, etc. The article examines ways of reforming higher legal education in the conditions of armed aggression of russian federation against Ukraine and its European integration into the European Union. The current requirements of employers for law graduates of higher educational institutions are analyzed. The proposed vectors of reforming the educational process, in particular, from the corporate law course, through the introduction of innovative educational programs that meet international world standards, including EU requirements in the field of higher legal education. The need to develop and use interdisciplinary educational programs for the training of lawyers is substantiated. It is recommended that a separate section in these programs provide for the teaching of a corporate law course. Suggested topics from this course include, in particular, corporate law under martial law; adaptation of Ukrainian corporate legislation to the legislation of the European Union - status and prospects; the accession of Ukraine to the European Union as a factor in its victory over russian aggressor country and other topics. A comparative analysis of EU directives and regulations and Ukrainian legislation regulating corporate relations was made.

Проблема недостаточного уровня качества образовательных услуг в России носит системный характер. Развитие образовательных траекторий, внедрение в систему высшего профессионального образования компетентностного подхода, а также разработка образовательных стандартов нового поколения не позволили в должной мере улучшить качество образовательных услуг. Для обеспечения роста качества образования авторами предложена концепция экономической сущности повышения качества образовательных услуг и уровня подготовки выпускников высших учебных заведений. В процессе анализа причин сложившейся ситуации и влияния недостаточного уровня качества образования на карьеру выпускников и результаты деятельности работодателей были предложены мероприятия по повышению его качества для следующих участников рынка - сфера высшего образования, выпускники и работодатели. Описаны основные эффекты от формирования нового уровня качества образовательных услуг для участвующих субъектов. Отмечается, что новое качество образовательных услуг позволит не только повысить уровень подготовки выпускников высших учебных заведений, но также будет способствовать устойчивому развитию социально-экономических систем. The problem of insufficient level of quality of educational services in Russia is systemic. The development of educational trajectories, the introduction of a competency-based approach into the system of higher professional education, as well as the development of new generation educational standards did not allow to improve the quality of educational services in due measure. To ensure the growth of the quality of education, the authors proposes the concept of the economic essence of improving the quality of educational services and the level of training of graduates of higher educational institutions. In the process of analyzing the causes of the current situation and the impact of low quality education on the career of graduates and the results of employers, measures were proposed to improve its quality for the following market participants higher education, graduates and employers. The main effects of the formation of a new level of quality of educational services for the participating subjects are described. It is noted that the new quality of educational services will not only improve the level of training of graduates of higher educational institutions, but will also contribute to the sustainable development of socio-economic systems.

The article investigates the economical efficiency of investments in higher education in modern conditions of Russia. The beginning of the article includes a characteristic of the existing empiric research concerning the efficiency of investments in human capital assets. Further the author of the article introduces the results of pay off calculation of private investments in higher education. The result of the research was that in modern conditions of Russia investments in higher education are exceedingly advantageous. High norms of higher education feedback and short period of pay off of these investments explain the reasons of continuously growing demand for it on the part of the population, especially young people. The article proves that the level of population education in Russia is quite high, however accumulated human capital asset is used insufficiently effective. Many people with higher education are forced to take jobs not requiring higher education. Sharp shift in educational behavior of Russian people raises new demands to labor market. Graduates of higher educational institutions, appearing on a labor market, form qualitatively different demands towards it. But tempo of Russian economics development today can not provide job positions for all graduates of higher educational institutions. That is why structural change of economics is needed.

The article describes the role of the dual education system as a guarantee of social partnership in improving the quality of professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions. The dual education systems of the world (Germany, France, Denmark, Japan, South Korea) for professional training of university graduates in accordance with modern requirements of employers, who acquire the features of national models of functioning, and that there is no single reference model of dual education. The scheme of dual education is proposed as an innovative type of organization of targeted professional training of students in the Nikopol region, in Ukraine, which is a coordinated cooperation of universities and employers in the training of competitive professionals. Social partnership is seen as a social dialogue carried out in the form of cooperation, which facilitates the transition of professional training of competitive university graduates to a qualitatively new level of training. The introduction of a dual form of education to ensure a rapid response to changes in the labor market, and this is possible only by creating a system of social partnership, improving the training of graduates to organize social partnership, while maintaining the best traditions of higher education. Approbation of dual education as a guarantee of social partnership in the professional training of graduates was carried out on the basis of the National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine (Nikopol Faculty and Nikopol Vocational College). The study covered from 2016 to 2020 about 1,600 students. Based on the results of the analysis of foreign experience of dual education as a guarantee of social partnership of higher education institutions with employers, it can be argued about various forms of interaction (development of educational institution strategy with enterprises, implementation of graduate career tracking system, etc.). -production process. Social partnership is considered as a social dialogue carried out in the form of cooperation, which will facilitate the transition of professional training of educational institutions to a qualitatively new level of training of competitive graduates. The implementation of the dual system contributes to the development of an effective system of social partnership of universities with basic enterprises. The dual system as a guarantee of social partnership in the professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions is socially significant for the functioning, support and development of Ukraine, requires a clear appropriate state policy.

В статье представлены результаты исследования особенностей функционирования и тенденций развития молодежного сегмента рынка труда и трудоустройства выпускников высших учебных заведений, студентов и молодых специалистов. Выявлены причины и факторы, влияющие на сложившуюся негативную ситуацию и низкую конкурентоспособность студентов и выпускников на рынке труда. Отмечено, что ситуация на молодежном рынке труда, несмотря на то что молодежь является необходимым и важным компонентом рынка труда, остается напряженной. Численность нетрудоустроенной молодежи увеличивается. Это связано как с отсутствием практического опыта у выпускников, так и несоответствием качества и структуры подготовки выпускников высших учебных заведений требованиям современной экономики. Проведен анализ ситуации с трудоустройством выпускников в Тюменском государственном университете по ряду направлений подготовки, результаты которого подтвердили существующую тенденцию в целом по стране. Перечислены реализуемые в университете программы и мероприятия, направленные на содействие трудоустройству студентов и выпускников и их адаптации к рынку труда. Предложены возможные направления улучшения ситуации и решения проблем трудоустройства с учетом существующей успешной практики. Отмечено, что их успешная реализация возможна при условии эффективно- го взаимодействия ключевых заинтересованных сторон и создания благоприятных условий для профессиональной реализации молодежи The article presents the results of the study of the features of functioning and trends in the development of the youth segment of the labor market and employment of graduates of higher educational institutions, students and young professionals. The reasons and factors influencing the current negative situation and low competitiveness of students and graduates in the labor market are revealed. It is noted that the situation in the youth labor market, despite the fact that youth is a necessary and important component of the labor market, remains tense. The number nitrocotton-tion of young people is increasing. This is due to the lack of practical experience of graduates, and the discrepancy between the quality and structure of training of graduates of higher educational institutions to the requirements of modern Economics. The analysis of situation with the employment of graduates of the Tyumen state university in a number of areas of training was conducted, the results of which confirmed the existing trend in the country as a whole. The programs and activities implemented at the University aimed at promoting the employment of students and graduates and their adaptation to the labor market are listed. The possible directions of improving the situation and solving the problems of employment, taking into account the existing successful practice. It is noted that their successful implementation is possible under the condition of effective interaction of key stakeholders and the creation of favorable conditions for the professional implementation of young people

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of universal competencies. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal conditions for efficient formation of universal competencies of intercultural interaction. The authors substantiate the idea that, along with professional competencies, the employers increasingly demand a high level of universal competencies in modern graduates of higher educational institutions. The article dwells on the peculiarities of formation of intercultural-interaction universal competence as a complex characteristic of the graduate’s aptitude to apply the acquired foreign-language knowledge, skills and abilities in standard and professional situations. The research identified the interconnection between the universal professional and general professional competencies. The article considers the subject-oriented methods of teaching a foreign language, which along with the universal competence, contribute to the formation of students’ GPC (general professional competencies) and PC (professional competencies). The basic concepts in respect of the above are presented and analysed; the ratio of maturity of this competence in the process of foreign language teaching is highlighted. A number of methods necessary for the formation of intercultural-interaction universal competence were identified for the development of the educational/methodological complex under the discipline “Foreign language in professional activities” within the system of training for the master degree in the field 38.04.01 “Economics”. The considered subject will be interesting for specialists in different spheres of humanitarian knowledge: foreign language teachers of higher educational institutions, representatives of educational and methodical associations, methodologists.

Formulation of the problem. A modern specialist with a higher education, in addition to the required level of professionalism, should be able to negotiate, prevent and resolve conflicts, find an approach to each employee, and the basis for this should be his ability to have a high level of communication culture (the required level of communicative competence). All this has a corresponding effect on the future professional activity and competitiveness of graduates of higher education institutions. The purpose of the article is: determine the theoretical aspects of the formation of a culture of communication and substantiate the need for the formation and development of a culture of communication of future specialists with higher education. Research methods: analysis of psychological, pedagogical and educational and methodological sources of information, as well as legal acts on professional communication and communicative competence of higher education applicants – to determine the level of attention to the problem of communication culture of higher education applicants in the context of the formation of communicative competence in higher education institutions and creation of a theoretical basis for the study; empirical – testing students of different specialties in order to identify the real level of communication culture; conducting conversations with students and scientific and pedagogical workers on the topic of research. The main results of the study. The personal culture of communication of a specialist with higher education is a kind of component of his image and competence, regardless of age, who he is by profession, and what position he holds. Based on the fact that the culture of communication is mandatory in the general cultural and practical plane of training future specialists with higher education, the list of competencies that should be formed in a graduate of a higher education institution was revised in accordance with the methodological recommendations for the development of higher education standards. Based on this, a generalized list of competencies is given, in which communicative competencies are identified that have a direct connection with the culture of professional communication. In the course of the study, an anonymous survey of students was conducted on the basis of three tests: «Are you prone to empathic listening?», M. Snyder's test: «Can you listen?» and «Your communication style» to determine the importance of forming and developing a culture of communication among students. Processing of test results showed that 10% of students are aggressive and unbalanced, often being excessively cruel towards other people; 30% are overly peaceful, due to lack of self-confidence; 60% are moderately aggressive. Conclusions. The level of communication culture of future specialists with higher education is insufficient and does not meet the stated requirements of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. This is especially true for future specialists with higher education in the «person-to-person» system, because their further activities are based directly on communication. A high level of communication culture is a competence that is relevant and insufficient for many, which must be formed and developed along with special (professional, subject) competencies.

The object of research is databases of graduates of educational institutions that need to be digitalized and prepared for analysis. The study highlights the formation of a digital database out of the graduates among educational institutions for monitoring the implementation of educational and intellectual potential. Monitoring procedures for tracking the implementation of educational and intellectual potential are an important component of making managerial decisions to balance supply and demand in professional labor markets, make better use of the human potential of economic development, and reform educational institutions in accordance with the latest public needs. Monitoring procedures for tracking the employment of graduates are an important element of Education Management. The study highlights the technology of preparing and forming databases of graduates of educational institutions for further work with them (conducting a survey, summarizing and visualizing its results) using Microsoft Excel. For this purpose, methods of intelligence analysis of data, ranking and classification of statistical populations, and data mining technologies are used. Approaches to structuring and coding graduate data are described. The mechanism for creating a digital database is provided with arguments and descriptions of all the structural components of the database: fields, headers, and records. The description of the sequence and results of working with databases is given on the example of data from graduates of higher educational institutions of the Lviv region. These technologies for working with databases were obtained during the implementation of the regional development project within the framework of EU sectoral support, which was implemented in the Lviv region (Ukraine) in 2018–2020 with the participation of the authors. The proven method of forming digital databases highlighted in the study is only a stage of monitoring the implementation of the educational and intellectual potential of graduates of educational institutions of the Lviv region. Method can be used and scaled to other regions of Ukraine without significant changes or to educational institutions of different levels with minor clarifications. At the same time, the creation of such databases at the national level would increase the effectiveness of monitoring the employment of graduates. The proposed methodology is universal and allows for national research, as well as provides opportunities for international comparisons of educational and intellectual potential.

Стаття присвячена особливостям використання освітніх онлайн-ресурсів, їх характеристиці, актуальності та значенню для розвитку іншомовної комунікативної компетентності в професійній діяльності лікарів у міжнародному форматі. Ми проаналізували освітні онлайн-ресурси як стратегічні інструменти розвитку іншомовної професійної комунікативної компетентності лікарів, у результаті чого надали пропозиції щодо їх використання під час навчання англійської мови для аспірантів-медиків Національного університету охорони здоров’я України імені П. Л. Шупика. Аналіз педагогічної, методичної та спеціальної літератури щодо використання освітніх онлайн-ресурсів у розвитку іншомовної компетентності лікарів дав змогу виділити такі освітні онлайн-ресурси, як онлайн-курси, тести, імерсивні технології, YouTube-відео, онлайн-словники, електронні бібліотеки. Ми виявили потребу в розширенні підтримки та просуванні менш використовуваних, але потенційно корисних ресурсів, таких як спеціалізовані мовні курси та технології занурення. Важливо організовувати тренінги та ознайомчі семінари щодо використання імерсивних технологій з метою підвищення їх популярності серед студентів. Важливим інструментом для підвищення рівня іншомовної комунікативної компетентності студентів у професійній діяльності можуть стати навчальні відео на YouTube та матеріали цифрових бібліотек. Необхідно акцентувати увагу на доступності та корисності різноманітних Інтернет-ресурсів через постійну інформаційну підтримку та консультування студентів щодо їх використання. Проаналізовані нами освітні онлайн-ресурси мають значний потенціал для розвитку іншомовної професійної комунікативної компетентності лікарів. Ці інструменти розвивають іншомовну професійну комунікативну компетентність лікарів, оскільки пропонують матеріал англійською мовою для професійних цілей, дають можливість практикувати навички спілкування в медичних ситуаціях і бути в курсі сучасних тенденцій медичних досліджень у всьому світі. Вони мотивують лікарів до ефективного вдосконалення мовних навичок у медичному середовищі. Наші подальші дослідження будуть зосереджені на вивченні бар’єрів у впровадженні освітніх онлайн-ресурсів з метою кращого розуміння та усунення причин їх обмеженого використання, а також підвищення якості формування іншомовної професійної комунікативної компетентності лікарів.