Visual Representation Method Research Articles

EduGram: Education Development Based on Hologram Technology

Education is one of the most important areas of life that affect the development and progress of societies, and the usage of images and visual representation methods is of real value in the educating process. Over time, different simple methods were used to display the information visually, which mostly are considered weak methods that may not perform its full purpose and the information may be transferred slowly and in an incomplete manner. Technology has contributed from the beginning of its emergence in the development of education and improve its output, and one of the most prominent contributions made by technology is the developments in the field of displaying information visually using different technologies, as the three-dimensional displaying technologies that are considered as an advanced solution which provides people with a more comprehensive view and facilitates the task of transferring information to learners and so improving the educating process. Many technologies are used to create and display the 3D visual content, and two of the most important 3D display technologies are Augmented Reality technology and Hologram technology, they both insert a three-dimensional image to the real world, but there are many differences between the two technologies in many aspects. In the first part of this research, and after defining and comparing the two technologies and the effect of each one on education, Hologram technology showed features that enabled it to be a suitable option to be used in education for displaying 3D educational content. This research then introduces the method for implementing the usage of Hologram technology in education as a 3D educational content displaying tool, introducing an implementation model by first transferring a sample of a 2D educational image to Holograms and using the Hologram fan projector to display it to the students. The results of a simple questionnaire on a number of people showed the effectiveness of using Holograms instead of the traditional 2D content found in school curricula, and a good level of people's acceptance to use this technology.

A MODULE OF A GEOINFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON NUMERICAL MODELING OF INVERSE PROBLEMS OF GEOCHEMISTRY BY REGULARIZING ALGORITHMS

Currently, due to the rapid development of computer technology in geology, methods and approaches of scientific visualization based on additional data analysis are being intensively developed. The general concept is that the main data field on the daily surface and additional conditions are set at the input. Further, methods of mathematical geophysics are used for their analysis and processing, as a result of which new information is obtained for deep surveys. Then, in the information system, visualization tools are applied to the new information received and to the main data field. Thus, the information system is based on the synthesis of visual representation methods and methods of mathematical geophysics, computational mathematics from different branches of knowledge. This paper presents a description of the software module of the geoinformation system, based on the methods of intelligent detection of anomalies of hidden deposits, for deep predictive and search modeling of deposits. The functioning of the software module is based on the application of the theory of inverse problems of mathematical geophysics with elements of artificial intelligence using geological data on the earth's surface, geophysical measurements and geochemical analyses as input data. The program module for the inverse problem of the continuation of potential fields in the direction of disturbing masses is used for real data of a specific mineral deposit.

Towards a Graphical Grammar for Task Analysis Visualization

Task Analysis (TA) represents not one standard method, but rather a toolkit of methods that come with a large and complex range of outputs. Due to this fluidity in methods and resultant data, a standard method of analysis and visual data representation does not currently exist. Depending on the research methods used and desired outcomes, some visualization methods may be more appropriate than others. This body of work seeks to demonstrate the need for the establishment of a graphical grammar in this domain. Initial recommendations are provided for visualizing different task analysis methods. This research lays the groundwork towards the development of a full set of visualization best practices to allow practitioners to gain the most insight from their TA methods of choice.

CRIMINOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC CRIME

The article defines the consequences of economic crimes, summarizes the experience of theoretical and empirical studies of crime in the Russian economy, and presents the results of the author's research in this area. The interpretation of the concept of "economic crime" is characterized by legislative, departmental and research approaches. The authors argue that it is difficult to detect crimes in the economic sphere and the high level of latency of economic crime. Data from official statistics of Rosstat and the Prosecutor General's office of the Russian Federation were selected as the empirical base of the study. The research was carried out using methods of visual representation of data, research of dynamics, structure and analysis of relationships in the whole country and in the regional context. The study revealed the main trends in the situation from the point of view of criminalization and de-criminalization of the Russian economy, consisting in slowing down the reduction in the number of crimes in the economy in the Russian Federation. The study identifies regions with an increased level of economic crime and assesses the effectiveness of measures taken to counteract economic crime. The analysis made it possible to determine the directions of countering economic crime in Russia with the mandatory involvement of digital technologies.

MODEL OF INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT FOR THE TOURISM INDUSTRY FORMATION(ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DONETSK ECONOMIC REGION)

Objective. The objective of the article is to substantiate the model of infrastructural support of the tour­ism industry of the Donetsk economic region on the basis of authenticity and spatial polarization of the tour­ism market. Methods. To achieve the set tasks and goals, the following research methods were used in the work: system analysis and synthesis (to develop a model of infrastructure support for the tourism industry of the Donetsk economic region based on the authenticity and spatial polarization of the tourism market); pro­gram-targeted approach (when regulating the powers of state authorities and local authorities that manage and regulate tourism); process approach (for the architectural presentation of a step-by-step scheme for the formation of a local management system for local tourism development); graphic and tabular methods (for visual representation of statistical material). Results. The model of infrastructure support for the tourism industry of the Donetsk economic region has been developed based on the authenticity and spatial polarization of the tourism market. The model involves the use of specific mechanisms of authentic management and taking into account the authenticity of cultural and historical resources of local tourism markets, asymmetry of infrastructural and socio-economic develop­ment of markets, spatial polarization of natural, climatic and recreational factors of local tourism markets which allows to form competitive advantages through the use of specific tourism determinants of local tourism markets. The proposed model is based on specific principles, namely: integrativity, optimal combination of centralization and decentralization of management, adaptability, rationality, unity, flexibility, complexity, authenticity and multiculturalism. A simplified scheme for the formation of a local management system for local tourism development is proposed, which is based on three interrelated stages: analytical, program and implementation.

Informant-based screening tools for diagnosis of dementia, an overview of systematic reviews of test accuracy studies protocol

BackgroundRobust diagnosis of dementia requires an understanding of the accuracy of the available diagnostic tests. Informant questionnaires are frequently used to assess for dementia in clinical practice. Recent systematic reviews have sought to establish the diagnostic test accuracy of various dementia informant screening tools. However, most reviews to date have focused on a single diagnostic tool and this does not address which tool is ‘best’. A key aim of the overview of systematic reviews is to present a disparate evidence base in a single, easy to access platform.MethodsWe will conduct an overview of systematic reviews in which we ‘review the systematic reviews’ of diagnostic test accuracy studies evaluating informant questionnaires for dementia. As an overview of systematic reviews of test accuracy is a relatively novel approach, we will use this review to explore methods for visual representation of complex data, for highlighting evidence gaps and for indirect comparative analyses. We will create a list of informant tools by consulting with dementia experts. We will search 6 databases (EMBASE (OVID); Health and Psychosocial Instruments (OVID); Medline (OVID); CINAHL (EBSCO); PSYCHinfo (EBSCO) and the PROSPERO registry of review protocols) to identify systematic reviews that describe the diagnostic test accuracy of informant questionnaires for dementia. We will assess review quality using the AMSTAR-2 (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) and assess reporting quality using PRISMA-DTA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies) checklists. We will collate the identified reviews to create an ‘evidence map’ that highlights where evidence does and does not exist in relation to informant questionnaires. We will pool sensitivity and specificity data via meta-analysis to generate a diagnostic test accuracy summary statistic for each informant questionnaire. If data allow, we will perform a statistical comparison of the diagnostic test accuracy of each informant questionnaire using a network approach.DiscussionOur overview of systematic reviews will provide a concise summary of the diagnostic test accuracy of informant tools and highlight areas where evidence is currently lacking in this regard. It will also apply network meta-analysis techniques to a new area.

INTERACTIVE SHAPE MODELING USING FUNCTIONALLYDEFINED OBJECTS

Creating digital models is a complex task in computer graphics. Animation developers usually use two methods. The models are either sculpted from a traditional material such as clay or plasticine, and then the model must be digitized. Models can alsobe created using one of several commercial (or custom) modeling systems, such as MAYA or SoftImage. Since clay can be molded to create smooth surfaces and precise details, most designers very often use this method. It would be useful to give users the same opportunity as modeling from clay or plasticine, but in virtual space. So that the designer can deform the work piece, add details, and remove unnecessary parts. In addition, virtual shopping malls, virtual worlds, scientific visualization, design, construction, and so on,require huge costs to transmit three-dimensional geometric data over the network. This requires a compact description of three-dimensional objects.Considering these requirements, methods were developed with the following features. Innovations in the interactive modeling interface that take advantage of functional model assignment. This is the orientation and positioning of the sculpting tool relative to the surface.The paper describes the interactive modeling of deformation forms of models based on perturbation functions. Such objects are characterized by a high degree of smoothness and are described by a small number of functions. They are easyto deform and create shapes similar to modeling from plasticine. The proposed method of deformation of the functionally based models with fast visualization allows to provide the interactivity and a realistic appearance of the resulting shapes. An interactive modeling of deformations is presented.The process of interactive modeling of geometric shapes defined by perturbation functions is described. A method for interactive modeling of functionally defined objects without preliminary triangulation is proposed. This allows more accurate definition of3D shapes and simplifies the modeling system. The algorithm for finding the minimum common parent for the objects, the algorithm for adding an object (perturbation) to the scene, and the algorithm for selecting the objects in the scene were developed for this purpose. A method for visual representation of free forms and analytical perturbations for interactive modeling is developed. An interactive scene editor has been created with the ability to save the result both as a scene file and as a bitmap image. The set of primitives for constructing scenes has also been expanded, and the properties of new primitives have been investigated. When creating the editor, work was done to optimize the rasterization algorithm. A method adapted for graphic processing units is used for rapid rendering of 3D models. The considered scientific problem can be used to facilitate the modeling of 3-dimensional surfaces with different types of deformations, which can be relevant for solving applied problems.

Deep Learning-Based Architectures for Recognition of Cow Using Cow Nose Image Pattern

Stacked denoising auto-encoder and deep belief network are proposed as methods of deep learning for cow nose image texture feature extraction, and for learning the extracted features for better representation. While stacked denoising auto-encoder is applied for encoding and decoding of the extracted features, a deep belief network is applied for learning the extracted features and representing the cow nose image in feature space. Stacked denoising auto-encoder and deep belief network help in animal biometrics. Biometrics emanated from computer vision and pattern recognition and it plays an important role in the automated animal registration and identification process. Using the visual attributes of cow, and for the fact that the existing visual feature extraction and representation methods are not capable of handling cow recognition; deep belief network and stacked denoising auto-encoder are proposed. An experiment performed under different conditions of identification indicated that deep belief network outshines other methods with approximately 98.99% accuracy. 4000 cow nose images from an existing database of 400 individual cows contribute to the community of research especially in the animal biometrics for identification of individual cow.

Regional comparisons of the accessibility and use of ICT in the regions of Russia: the possibility of using integrated indicators

The aim of the study. The aim of the study is a statistical analysis of the accessibility and the use of information and communication technologies for the population and households based on the developed integrated indices in the regional aspect.Fundamental international documents refer to the increasing role of information in all spheres of society, and indicate that the number of the poorest households with, for example, a mobile phone is higher than that with the access to clean drinking water.Thus, it can be noted that the level of accessibility and use of information and communication technologies is a priority for the development of both individual countries and the world community as a whole.Materials and methods. Methods of grouping and multidimensional classification, analysis of variation, normalizing, construction of multidimensional averages and correlation analysis, as well as tabular and graphical methods of visual representation of the results of the study were used as statistical tools for the study. Microsoft Excel was used to process the primary information.Results. Comparison of currently used indicators has revealed the need to develop and build integrated indices in four main areas of ICT research: infrastructure (physical and information), ICT accessibility (physical and price affordability), the use of ICT (by the population and households, enterprises and organizations, in the public sector), knowledge and skills (education, digital skills). In this study, the analysis was carried out according to the characteristics of the accessibility and the use of ICT for the population and households. The results of the study at the federal district level led to the conclusion that, despite the existence of a unified policy in the field of ICT development and information society at the federal level, there are significant differences in the management of this process and the level of implementation of system development measures for ICT in individual federal districts and regions. The main result of the study is the classification of regions by levels of accessibility and use of ICT. The analysis revealed a significant direct relationship between the components of ICT accessibility and its use. The ratings based on the calculated multidimensional averages allowed us to reveal the leader and lagging regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the development of ICT and information society.Conclusion. According to the results of the statistical research positions of regions of the Russian Federation on the accessibility levels and the use of information and communication technologies were determined, as well as a direct relationship between the indices of accessibility and the use of ICT was revealed as a whole in the Russian Federation, and in individual federal districts.

КЛАССИКА НА ГРАНИ МАССОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ: СТРАТЕГИИ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ

The article explores the problem of representation of musical classics in modern culture, due to the influences of popular culture and the characteristics of the perception of mass audience. Two main strategies for performing representation of musical classics in the space of popular culture are identified and substantiated: pseudo-academic representation and post-classical representation. Signs of a pseudo-academic strategy, which are uttered emotionality, «commenting» on the expressiveness of facial expressions and plastic, additional visual details and accessories on the verge of shocking – are revealed on the example of such famous musicians as pianist Lan Lan, conductor Valery Gergiev and singer Anna Netrebko. During pseudo-academic representation, the performance of academic music is transformed into the phenomenon of popular culture, while the quality of the performance of a musical work either becomes an element of the show (virtuosity is brought to the forefront of the representation), or the visual and expressive component of the performing act begins to prevail over the musical and technical component and the musical material becomes secondary to the interpretation process. During the implementation of the post-classical strategy, the text of the classical work itself enters the field of popular culture and begins to function as its product, while the interpreter is fully a figure in popular culture, transforming musical classics into the phenomenon of artistic «postculture.» It is proposed to include the phenomenon of classical crossover, a cultural strategy involving the integration of classical music into the field of popular culture. Classical crossover is a commercial product based on musical classics, the creators of which, solving the problem of listening perception (habitually, attractively, in demand), combine classical music with jazz, rock, pop music and other commercial areas, borrow techniques, instruments, methods of visual representation. An example of a postclassical strategy for representing musical classics in the space of modern popular culture, for example, is the implementation of classical crossover in the work of the art group M. Turetsky Choir.

Образы русских писателей-классиков в живописи и графике XIX–XX веков (на примере Н.В. Гоголя и Ф.М. Достоевского)

The article examines the portrait image of the writer in the context of his biography and work on the example of N.V. Gogol and F.M. Dostoevsky. Various methods of visual representation, traditional methods of image and the latest portrait formats in the Russian and European painting and graphics of the 19th–20th centuries become the subject of the author’s attention. Artistic works by Alexander Ivanov, Ilya Repin, Vasily Perov, Mikhail Klodt, Duncan Grant, Emile Filla, Hugo Mora and other artists are involved in the analysis. The article also reveals (on the example of studying biography and oeuvre, analyzing individual works of N.V. Gogol’s and F.M. Dostoevsky’s) the methodological potential and didactic orientation of these works. The author provides art criticism interpretations and philosophical commentaries that allow using these works in the practice of teaching literature. Based on the analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience, the article postulates the urgent need to expand the means of visualization in the literary education of schoolchildren. The article also problematizes the need to update visual materials to increase the effectiveness of studying literary classics, stimulating the schoolchildren’s interest in reading and further acquaintance and study of oeuvre of the writers included in the school curricula. The author of the article offers special questions and tasks that direct teachers to the study of traditional and innovative portrait art and its use in literature lessons in high school and considers the potential opportunities for its involvement in research project activities of students’.

Mapping Landscape Spaces

Landscape design focuses on the construction and articulation of outdoor space and results in landscape architectonic compositions. In order to communicate about three-dimensional forms and functions, vocabulary, representations, and tools (in terms of spatial-visual characteristics) are of fundamental importance for landscape architects to describe, interpret, and manipulate landscape spaces. While combining design vocabulary and landscape indicators, qualitative and quantitative mapping approaches, visual representation and interpretation methods, this research aims to provide a framework for describing, understanding, and communicating about spatial-visual characteristics in landscape design. A pilot study is used to explore the potential of specific mapping approaches, such as compartment analysis, 3D landscapes, grid-cell analysis, landscape metrics, visibility analysis, and eye-tracking analysis, which are employed to address spatial-visual phenomena like sequence, orientation, continuity, and complexity. Hypothetical design experiments are conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of spatial-visual mapping in the design process. Interviews with designers are carried out to reflect on techniques for mapping spatial-visual characteristics in the daily practice of landscape architecture. This research opens a way in which to apply visual landscape research in the process of landscape design and supports the development of multidisciplinary approaches. By expanding the spatial-visual mapping toolbox, designers can engage in issues of landscape development, transformation, and preservation while providing realistic and instrumental clues for interventions in urban landscapes.

The Agency of the Paper Plan: The Building Plans of Late Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Berlin

This article closely investigates the unique visual representations of the building plans of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century Berlin, and emphasizes the agency of the paper plan in the profession and discipline of Städtebau. Following positions in German media theory, the paper plan is understood and theorized as a medium of bureaucracy and the plan drawing as a set of cultural techniques. In doing so, the article traces the refinement of the instruments for regulating the building of the city—from the building plan, to the building zones plan, to the town development plan. It is argued that the paper plans themselves have agency in seeing the city and hence thinking about the city (through their methods of visual representation), and agency in the formation of graphic terms and concepts (derived from the making of building plans). The paper plans mediated visual and verbal knowledge of the city that would have been inconceivable without them.

Moisture monitoring of stone masonry: A comparison of microwave and radar on a granite wall and a sandstone tower

Abstract Water is a fundamental control on the deterioration of historic stone masonry, of which wind-driven rain (WDR) is an important source in the UK. Non-destructive testing methods for moisture measurement can characterise the response of masonry to short (but intense) periods of wind-driven rain. An important part of this response is how masonry functions as a system of stone units and mortar joints, in which mortar can act as a conduit for moisture. While non-destructive techniques are common in moisture surveying of built heritage, there are no agreed best practice methods for collection, handling, and visual representation of data. This study explores the comparative advantages of microwave and radar measurements in two field experiments of exposure to short (but intense) simulated wind-driven rain exposure to demonstrate when and how they are most effectively employed. A novel method of representing data as percentiles is explored to facilitate effective communication of moisture measurements. In the case of the granite wall (e.g. with components of strongly contrasting hygric properties), microwave and radar provided similar information. The average travel time of the radar signal (from the back wall reflection) demonstrated that radar can non-destructively identify water penetration through mortar joints. In the sandstone tower, the microwave measurements were able to clearly identify four different moisture regimes as a result of different intensities of WDR exposure. The radar measurements were suited to identifying distinctions between localised moisture contents within masonry units and mortar joints, which characterised how the masonry was functioning as a holistic system. The measurements on both the granite wall and the sandstone tower demonstrated that the radar is influenced by environmental conditions which influence surface condensation and equilibrium moisture contents. Representing the measurements as percentiles improved visual representation of measurements with colour scales and minimised potential skewing of normalisation and scales from extreme values/outliers. This paper demonstrates that both microwave and radar techniques can be useful for monitoring moisture in stone masonry systems. Material characteristics of the masonry system and the objective(s) of the investigation should be considered during selection of the appropriate technique(s).

Investigation of suitable illustrations in medical care

Visual representation methods have long been used as tools to communicate information in health education settings, and their effect on improving health literacy has been investigated. The question arises: How should an illustration function in relation to the textual information it illustrates? Medical illustrations are likely to be featured in media such as brochures and textbooks. If the textual information in such materials is so complex, what function should illustrations play? We reviewed the sociological literature on illustrations to obtain findings potentially applicable to health education and the improvement of health literacy. We then evaluated these tools to determine the types of illustrations that are suitable for the information. Of the three topics for which we developed the materials—cancer, food allergies and HEV light—only for the HEV light topic were earlier findings replicated. One key factor behind this result was that the illustrations for the HEV topic underwent a more thorough deliberative process than those for the other two topics. The results of our study also highlight the importance of third-party opinion in the illustration design process.

In and Out of the Mist: An Artistic Investigation of Borderland and Community

The main concern of this research is to initiate a new artistic approach, with photography as a medium and an artistic form of investigation, into the borderland and community that exists from Western China to the Himalayan Region, in order to distinguish it from traditional documentary photography. The borderland exists as an ambiguous territory between governance structures, and the movements of the borderland community often seek to surpass the command of the states. The ideas of inclusion and exclusion, identity within one's community, and the relationship on the borderlands are hard to clearly define. This research develops the hypothesis that borderless borderland is possible with the intervention of fog and mist. This thesis encompasses creative ways to photograph borderlands under fog and mist conditions, creating a surrealistic, magical and meaningful representation of human and natural connections on borderlands, whilst contributing to the finding of new knowledge. It greatly differs from current approaches of documentary photographers and photojournalists, which mostly capture the real, sensational and horrifying moments at the borderlands. The process of discovering new methods of visual representation is important. Therefore, various practical and artistic investigations through different ways of seeing the borderlands are explored. This critical and artistic study is to achieve a hybrid photography style between traditional documentary and contemporary conceptual photography. The final outcome of this thesis showcases a series of practical photographic works at the continuously disputed territories, and to acknowledge the beauty of the borderlands and its peoples’ peaceful way of life.

Data Science, Analytics and Collaboration for a Biosurveillance Ecosystem

Data Science, Analytics and Collaboration for a Biosurveillance Ecosystem

Three-dimensional Stratigraphy Reconstruction and GIS – Postprocessing Issues in Archaeological field 3D Documentation

This paper aims to present the results of experiments which allowed us to propose up-to-date method of 3D visual representation of explored archaeological layers. Considering the destructive nature of excavations, the correct documentation of an exploration, which offers an insight both into the decision-making process taking place on site, and into the most faithful representation of the examined material, presents a fundamental challenge for a field archaeologist. The aim of the experiments presented here was to test three methods of creating 3D models of successive archaeological layers (contexts) recorded during an exploration. The presented findings show that the method of editing point clouds using open-source software prior to importing the model of the reconstruction of the explored layer into GIS software, is the best solution from the point of view of both the effort and time required, and it can definitely be suggested as the standard procedure of creating the graphical bases for an archaeological database.

Weighted nonnegative tensor factorization for atmospheric tomography reconstruction

Context. Increasing the area on the sky over which atmospheric turbulences can be corrected is a matter of wide interest in astrophysics, especially when a new generation of extremely large telescopes (ELT) is to come in the near future. Aims. In this study we tested if a method for visual representation in three-dimensional displays, the weighted nonnegative tensor factorization (WNTF), is able to improve the quality of the atmospheric tomography (AT) reconstruction as compared to a more standardized method like a randomized Kaczmarz algorithm. Methods. A total of 1000 different atmospheres were simulated and recovered by both methods. Recovering was computed for two and three layers and for four different constellations of laser guiding stars (LGS). The goodness of both methods was tested by means of the radial average of the Strehl ratio across the field of view of a telescope of 8m diameter with a sky coverage of 97.8 arcsec. Results. The proposed method significantly outperformed the Kaczmarz in all tested cases (p ≤ 0.05). In WNTF, three-layers configuration provided better outcomes, but there was no clear relation between different LGS constellations and the quality of Strehl ratio maps. Conclusions. The WNTF method is a novel technique in astronomy and its use to recover atmospheric turbulence profiles was proposed and tested. It showed better quality of reconstruction than a conventional Kaczmarz algorithm independently of the number and height of recovered atmospheric layers and of the constellation of laser guide star used. The WNTF method was shown to be a useful tool in highly ill-posed AT problems, where the difficulty of classical algorithms produce high Strehl value maps.

Shape Modeling Based on Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machines

This paper proposes a kind of shape model based on convolutional restricted Boltzmann machines(CRBM), which can be used to assist the task of image target detection and classification. The CRBM is a generative model that can model shapes through the generative capabilities of the model. This paper presents the visual representation, construction process and training method of the model construction. This paper does experiments on the Weizmann Horse dataset. The results show that, compared with RBM, although the training time of this model is slightly longer, the test time of the model is similar, and it can better shape modeling, modeling of the details of the shape can be well expressed. The samples generated from CRBM look more realistic. The difference between the shape and the original shape generated by Euclidean distance measurement shows that the model has a strong ability to model shapes.