Method In Real Time Research Articles

EmbeddedPigCount: Pig Counting with Video Object Detection and Tracking on an Embedded Board.

Knowing the number of pigs on a large-scale pig farm is an important issue for efficient farm management. However, counting the number of pigs accurately is difficult for humans because pigs do not obediently stop or slow down for counting. In this study, we propose a camera-based automatic method to count the number of pigs passing through a counting zone. That is, using a camera in a hallway, our deep-learning-based video object detection and tracking method analyzes video streams and counts the number of pigs passing through the counting zone. Furthermore, to execute the counting method in real time on a low-cost embedded board, we consider the tradeoff between accuracy and execution time, which has not yet been reported for pig counting. Our experimental results on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano embedded board show that this “light-weight” method is effective for counting the passing-through pigs, in terms of both accuracy (i.e., 99.44%) and execution time (i.e., real-time execution), even when some pigs pass through the counting zone back and forth.

2.2 Ghz S-Band Helical Antenna Design for Earth Surveillance LAPAN-TUBSAT Data Acquisition in Indonesia Regional Security

It is necessary to have an LAPAN-TUBSAT (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional/ National Institute of Aeronautics and Space) (Technische University of Berlin Satellite) satellite data receiving system that is low cost and can be placed in various parts of Indonesia. This system will later spear head the data receiver and this meets all areas detected by the earth surveillance method in real time and can be recorded at the Earth Station. By using a helical antenna that is engineered independently with the rules of the S band at 2.22 GHz, it will be able to control the Indonesian region. The construction of this receiving antenna uses a helical antenna, a receiver antenna system that combines helix asa feed horn on a parabolic antenna is designed to be able to work at a center frequency of 2,220 MHz, a bandwidth of 27 MHz, LHCP polarization, and a minimum gain of 10 dB. With a Parabolic shaped reflection antenna with Prime Focus. With motor antenna is a full motion antenna with a perstep movement of 0.25 degrees on Azimuth and elevation. The Design will be acquisition the data from satellite, and with the helical antenna. The Helical that by requirement of the 2,22 GHz design. With the LHCP (Left Hand Circular Polarization) and with the a bandwidth of 27 MHz. for the antenna parabola as a catcher of signal from satellite we use type of Primefocus wichis the point focal in the central face of parabola and we will put feed Horn that include inside is the Helical feed antenna. Antenna have a spesification Movement is 0,25 degrees per second With the successful engineering of the development of Helical antenna, it can also later apply it to various other satellites with adjustments to the dimensions of the antenna only and the receiving system.

Association of rs3025058 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Abstract Purpose To study SNP rs3025058 association (5a/6a) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results In all analyzed groups and subgroups of patients statistically significant connection between a genotype of 5a/5a and an allele of 5a and in subgroup of women with Acute Cerebrovascular Event, subgroups of patients with AG and hypercoagulation of significant associations of polymorphism rs3025058 (5a/6a) with Acute Cerebrovascular Eventis not revealed. Conclusion A genotype 5a/5a and an allele 5a SNP rs3025058 (5a/6a) increase risk of development of an Acute Cerebrovascular Event in persons of the east Siberian population, including with such risk factors as atherosclerosis the brachiocephalic of arteries and a dislipidemiya. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of rs10507391 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Abstract Purpose To study SNP rs10507391 association (A> T) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results When studying SNP rs10507391 association (A> T) connection between a rare genotype of a TT and an allele of T and the increased risk of Acute Cerebrovascular Event is established with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in all analyzed groups and subgroups of patients. Conclusion A genotype of a TT and an allele of T of SNP rs10507391 (A> T) increases risk of development of an acute disorder of cerebral circulation in patients regardless of the previous cardiovascular pathology and risk factors, including at patients with arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, atherosclerosis the brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbance of lipidic exchange and the system of a hemostasis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of rs11196288 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Abstract Purpose To study SNP rs11196288 (A> G) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results As a result of the conducted research in one of the analyzed groups and subgroups statistically significant associations of genotypes and alleles of polymorphism of rs11196288 were not revealed (A> G) with Acute Cerebrovascular Event. Conclusion SNP rs11196288 (A> G) has no significant effect on development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in persons of the east Siberian population regardless of the previous cardiovascular pathology and risk factors. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of rs12122341 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Abstract Purpose To study SNP rs12122341 (C> G) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results As a result of a research gender differences in functions of genotypes of SNP rs12122341 are set (C> G). So, for males risk factor of Acute Cerebrovascular Event is the genotype of CC, for female persons – CG genotype. In the general group of patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event and also in subgroups of patients with different cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of statistically significant differences in frequencies of genotypes and alleles it is not revealed. Conclusion A genotype of the CC SNP rs12122341 (C> G) the risk of development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in males in comparison with genotypes of CG and GG (p=0.009 raises; OR 1.83, 95% of CI: 1.16–2.91). The genotype of CG performs protective function concerning development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in males. At female persons risk factor of development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event is CG genotype. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Association of 12204590 polymorphism with the development of acute cerebrovascular event

Abstract Purpose To study SNP rs12204590 (T > A) with development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in the patients with cardiovascular pathology and risk factors of its development who are representatives of the east Siberian population. Material and methods 260 patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Event participated in a research (age [57.0; 51.0–62.0]) and 272 patients of control group (age [55.0; 51.0–62.0].). Among the patients who transferred Acute Cerebrovascular Event, 157 men and 103 women. The control group included 170 men and 102 women. Inspection of the main group included: collecting complaints, anamnesis, clinical examination, computer tomography of a brain, electrocardiography, echo, ultrasonic of arteries, daily monitoring of arterial blood pressure and cardiac rhythm, analysis of a coagulant system of blood. Patients of the main group had the following cardiovascular pathology and risk factors: arterial hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia, dislipidemiya, atherosclerosis brachiocephalic of arteries, disturbances of a system of a hemostasis. The control group is examined within the international HAPIEE project. The molecular and genetic research was conducted by PCR method in real time. Statistical processing of material was carried out with use of set of the Statistica for Windows 7.0, Excel and SPSS 22 application programs. Results The connection of the genotype of TA SNP rs12204590 (T > A) with the development of Acute Cerebrovascular Event in a general group of patients was confirmed, but no statistically significant associations were obtained when patients were divided into subgroups depending on cardiovascular pathology and risk factors. Conclusion The genotype of TA SNP rs12204590 (T > A), compared to the genotypes of TT and AA, reduces the risk of developing Acute Cerebrovascular Event, including in patients with arterial hypertension. The genotype of AA SNP rs12204590 (T > A) increases the risk of developing Acute Cerebrovascular Event in males. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Natural Scene Derived Camera Edge Spatial Frequency Response for Autonomous Vision Systems

The edge-based Spatial Frequency Response (e-SFR) is an established measure for camera system quality performance, traditionally measured under laboratory conditions. With the increasing use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in autonomous vision systems, the input signal quality becomes crucial for optimal operation. This paper proposes a method to estimate the system e-SFR from pictorial natural scene derived SFRs (NSSFRs) as previously presented, laying the foundation for adapting the traditional method to a real-time measure.In this study, the NS-SFR input parameter variations are first investigated to establish suitable ranges that give a stable estimate. Using the NS-SFR framework with the established parameter ranges, the system e-SFR, as per ISO 12233, is estimated. Initial validation of results is obtained from implementing the measuring framework with images from a linear and a non-linear camera system. For the linear system, results closely approximate the ISO 12233 e-SFR measurement. Non-linear system measurements exhibit scene-dependant characteristics expected from edge-based methods. The requirements to implement this method in real-time for autonomous systems are then discussed.

Rapid Detection of Pityophthorus juglandis (Blackman) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method.

The walnut twig beetle Pityophthorus juglandis is a phloem-boring bark beetle responsible, in association with the ascomycete Geosmithia morbida, for the Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of walnut trees. The recent finding of TCD in Europe prompted the development of effective diagnostic protocols for the early detection of members of this insect/fungus complex. Here we report the development of a highly efficient, low-cost, and rapid method for detecting the beetle, or even just its biological traces, from environmental samples: the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. The method, designed on the 28S ribosomal RNA gene, showed high specificity and sensitivity, with no cross reactivity to other bark beetles and wood-boring insects. The test was successful even with very small amounts of the target insect’s nucleic acid, with limit values of 0.64 pg/µL and 3.2 pg/µL for WTB adults and frass, respectively. A comparison of the method (both in real time and visual) with conventional PCR did not display significant differences in terms of LoD. This LAMP protocol will enable quick, low-cost, and early detection of P. juglandis in areas with new infestations and for phytosanitary inspections at vulnerable sites (e.g., seaports, airports, loading stations, storage facilities, and wood processing companies).

Indirect autonomic nervous system activity assessment in patients with myocardial infarction

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic nervous system have been documented in myocardial infarction (MI) and have been directly implicated in pathogenesis and progression of MI. Assessment of the autonomic nervous system activity in acute stage of MI allowed us to identify groups of high-risk patients. Purpose To investigate the sympathetic nervous system activity in patients with MI by assessing the condition of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes. To analyze ADRB1 Arg389Gly associations with the state of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes in patients with MI. Methods During the study period, 62 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 11 patients (nine women and two men, median age of 54.0 [49.0;61.0] years) with normal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes, the second group consisted of 51 patients (40 women and 11 man, median age of 61.0 [48.0;72.0] years) with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes. The research of beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was conducted by analysis of changing erythrocyte osmoresistance under the influence of beta blocker in the first 6 hours from the onset of the heart attack. The genetic research was conducted by PСR method in real time. Results Groups of patients were comparable in main clinical indicators (anamnesis of ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure, frequency of beta blockers administration before and during of MI, electrocardiography features: elevation of ST-segment, Q-wave and etc.). The second group presented with a higher occurrence of acute left ventricular failure (33.3% vs 0%, p = 0.026) and arterial hypertension (90.2% vs 63.6%, p = 0.044). Parameters of myocardial damage were significantly higher in the second group than the first group. Primarily, this manifested in the presence of a greater number of hypokinesis zones on echocardiography (p = 0.015). In addition, patients of the second group had a lower ejection fraction according to echocardiography (51.0 [46.5;59.0]% vs 58.0 [52.0;63.0]%, p = 0.042). Levels of blood necrosis biomarkers were significantly higher in the second group, e.g. Troponin I (24.1 [9.9;68.0] ng/ml vs 1.3 [0.2;1.8] ng/ml, p = 0.001). At the same time statistically significant distinctions of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in groups were not revealed. The analysis of ADRB1 Arg389Gly demonstrated association of CC-genotype with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes [OR 5.9, 95% СI 1.16-30.25, p = 0.043]. Conclusion Patients with an abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity were characterized by a greater volume of damage to the heart muscle. Moreover, association of CC-genotype of gene ADRB1 Arg389Gly with abnormal beta-adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes was identified.

Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Rotary Machines: Conditional Auxiliary Classifier GAN Coupled With Meta Learning Using Limited Data

The industrial advancement has promoted the development of deep learning (DL)-based intelligent fault diagnosis methods for condition-based maintenance (CBM). Though these methods rely on large dataset for training, the collection of large number of fault samples is not practically feasible. For this purpose, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are capable to generate high-quality synthetic samples. However, the problem still persists with the training of GAN using limited fault samples that are present in practical conditions. This article proposes a novel conditional auxiliary classifier GAN framework coupled with model agnostic meta learning (MAML) to resolve this problem. The objective is to initialize and update the network parameters using MAML instead of regular stochastic gradient learning. This modification enables GAN to learn the task of synthetic sample generation using the limited training dataset. The effectiveness of the proposed framework has been compared with several famous state-of-the-art intelligent fault diagnosis methods existing in the literature. The comparative performance has been validated on benchmarked datasets, i.e., air compressor and bearing datasets collected from a single-stage reciprocating air compressor. The proposed framework is able to achieve the classification accuracy of 99.26% and 98.55% for bearing and air compressor datasets, respectively, with only ten samples per class. Moreover, a real-time case study is performed to validate the proposed method in real time.

Walking motion measurement using IMU and assist control of powered wear with wire-driven assist

This study proposes a target energy trajectory generation method that incorporates virtual passive dynamic walking, which is known as a gait generation method for biped robots, as a control method for a wire-driven powered wear for walking aid. In addition, we developed a gait motion measurement system using IMU to realize the proposed method in real time. By using the proposed method, we expect to realize a gait assist system that provides assistive forces based on the wearer’s current motion.

The ratio of the main phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease against the background of obesity and its correlation with the stage of hepatic steatosis

Objective — to study the ratio of the main phylotypes of the gut microbiota (GM) in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) depending on the body mass index and its correlation with the stage of hepatic steatosis.Materials and methods. The study included 140 individuals. The main group consisted of 120 patients with NAFLD, who were divided into two subgroups depending on body mass index: I — 85 (70.83 %) patients with concomitant obesity (OB) I — III degree, II — 35 (29.17 %) overweight patients. Each subgroup was divided into two groups depending on the stage of NAFLD: A — non‑alcoholic steatosis (NAS), B — non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The control group consisted of 20 apparently healthy individuals. In the main group there were 59 (49.2 %) men and 61 (50.8 %) women, in the control group — 8 (40.0 %) and 12 (60.0 %), respectively. The median and interquartile range of the age of patients in the study group was 48.75 [40.5; 60.0] years, in the control group — 46.30 [35.00; 56.00] years. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the liver, general clinical and laboratory examinations with measurement of the level of the main phylotypes (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria) in the fecal contents by the polymerase chain reaction method in real time and calculating the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.Results. As the result of investigation of the ratio of the main phylotypes of GM it has been revealed that in subgroup ІА (n = 34) the value of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 6.96 [1.57; 8.39], in subgroup IB (n = 51) — 8.68 [1.77; 10.40], in subgroup IIA (n = 26) — 5.25 [1.14; 7.37], in subgroup II B (n = 9) — 3.30 [1.17; 6.17]. Indicators in the subgroups did not differ significantly, though significantly differed from the indicator of the control group (0.64 [0.52; 1.47]). The increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the studied subgroups was associated with the enrichment of GM with bacteria of Firmicutes type: 51.91 [42.6; 64.96] %, 53.65 [41.85; 69.66] %, 48.35 [37.47; 62.99] % and 44.31 [37.43; 62.80] % in subgroups ІА, ІB, ІІА, IIB, respectively. The relative content of Firmicutes was almost the same in the subgroups, but significantly different from the indicator of the control group (34.65 [24.58; 43.53] %), and the relative content of Bacteroidetes was less and was 18.77 in subgroup IA — 18.77 [8.10; 26.09] %, in subgroup IB — 18.79 [5.78; 25.76] %, in subgroup IIA — 24.69 [8.38; 34.04] %, in subgroup II B — 25.19 [12.93; 37.44] %. According to this indicator, there was no significant difference between the subgroups, and in subgroups IIA and II B — also with the indicator of the control group (29.97 [22.52; 41.75] %). The relative number of Actinobacteria almost did not differ in the subgroups and the control group (8.66 [3.81; 9.61] %, 8.95 [2.63; 9.00] %, 5.05 [1.37; 6, 85] %, 10.80 [2.75; 17.95] % and 4.92 [2.63; 9.00] %, respectively).Conclusions. The results of the study showed that the GM composition in terms of the content of the main phylotypes was significantly different in patients with NAFLD, depending on the body mass index and the stage of steatosis, compared with the control group. There was a significant increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the subgroups compared with the control group: in NAS patients with concomitant OB — by 13.56 times, in patients with NAS with concomitant OB — by 10.87 times, in overweight patients with NASH — 8.2 times, in patients with NASH with overweight — 5.16 times. The relative content of Actinobacteria in the subgroups and the control group did not significantly differ. Analysis of the relative composition of GM did not reveal significant differences between the subgroups. In NAFLD patients with OB or overweight, the relationship between the stage of hepatic steatosis and the ratio of the main GM phylotypes was not found.

CORRELATION BETWEEN TNFα POLYMORPHISM AND PROGRESSION OF PERIODONTITIS IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

Objective: To characterize the influence of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) 308 G/A polymorfism on periodontal disease in patient on renal hemodialysis. Study design: Eighty-four patients were divided into 2 groups, of which 43 were on hemodialysis and 41 were not on hemodialysis (control group). The patient history was obtained from anamnesis, and periodontal examination and blood collection of 5 mL were performed. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using the TaqMan method in real time. Results: The absolute and relative frequency of TNF genes (genotypes and alleles) for the variables systemic disease and periodontitis degree/localization did not present statistically significant differences in any of the groups (P> .05). The percentage of faces with plaque presented differences with statistical significance only in the control group in the genotype (P = .030) and presence of the allele A (P = .010). Conclusion: The findings indicate that were no significant differences in relation to the alleles and genotypes analyzed in both groups.

Adding a fourth rater to three had little impact in pre-linguistic outcome classification

ABSTRACT The consequence of differing levels of agreement across raters is rarely studied. Subsequently, knowledge is limited on how number of raters affects the outcome. The present study aimed to examine the impact on pre-linguistic outcome classifications of 12-month-old infants when using four raters compared to three. Thirty experienced Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) from five countries assessed 20 minute video recordings of four 12-month-old infants during a play session with a parent. One recording was assessed twice. A naturalistic listening method in real time was used. This involved: (1) assessing, each syllable as canonical or non-canonical, and (2) following the recording, assessing if the infant was babbling canonically and listing the syllables the infant produced with command. The impact that four raters had on outcome, compared to three, was explored by classifying the outcome based on all possible combinations of three raters and determining the frequency that the outcome assessment changed when a fourth assessor was added. Results revealed that adding a fourth rater had a minimal impact on canonical babbling ratio assessment. Presence/absence of canonical babbling and size of consonant inventory showed a negligible impact on three out of four recordings, whereas the size of syllable inventory and presence/absence of canonical babbling was minimally affected in one recording by adding a fourth rater. In conclusion, adding a forth rater in assessment of pre-linguistic utterances in 12-month-old infants with naturalistic assessment in real time does not affect outcome classifications considerably. Thus, using three raters, as opposed to four, is recommended.

Detection and Localization of People Inside Vehicle Using Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Radar Sensor

Nowadays, various sensors are being widely used in indoor environments to improve quality of life. In particular, sensors can be installed inside a car to detect dangerous situations, such as a child or a pet being left alone in a car. In this paper, we present an effective method for monitoring people inside a vehicle by using impulse radio ultra-wideband radar. First, we identify that the waveform of the received signal varies with the arrangement of people inside the vehicle. Then, we extract features that represent the statistical characteristics of the received signal and use them as classification criteria. To determine the importance of each feature and reduce the number of features, we use a neighborhood component analysis algorithm. Next, we use ensemble learning with a decision tree as a base classifier to classify the various arrangement of people inside the car. The classification results demonstrate that our proposed method successfully estimates the position and number of people sitting inside a vehicle with an accuracy higher than 90%. Moreover, to utilize the proposed method in real time, we derive an appropriate number of features and structure for the classifier, so as to achieve high classification accuracy while keeping the computational complexity low.

Gaussian learning‐based fuzzy predictive cruise control for improving safety and economy of connected vehicles

This study considers an adaptive cruise control problem of connected vehicles in the vehicular ad-hoc network and proposes a Gaussian learning-based fuzzy predictive cruise control approach to enhance the fuel efficiency and safety of the connected vehicles in a vehicle-following scenario. First, a Gaussian process regression model is introduced and trained with real data to estimate the future acceleration of the preceding vehicle over the prediction horizon. Moreover, with assessing traffic scenarios, the weights characterising the importance of individual performance are adjusted by a fuzzy decision method in real time. Then a fuzzy predictive cruise controller is obtained by online solving a constrained receding horizon optimal control problem with a changing cost function and acceleration prediction of the preceding vehicle. Finally, through CarSim/Simulink co-simulation, it is shown that the proposed approach has an improvement in fuel economy and safety compared with conventional predictive cruise control algorithms.

Electrochemical Deposition of Polyelectrolytes Is Maximum at the Potential of Zero Charge.

Electrochemical deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolyte on a Au electrode is studied as a function of applied potential between the electrode and the solution of monovalent electrolyte. The deposition is measured by open circuit potential relative to a pristine electrode in a reference solution (100 mM NaCl). The rate of deposition is measured by a home-built electrochemical-optical method in real time. It was discovered that the polarity of the potential and magnitude of the potential are not the primary reasons to enhance deposition. For example, both the amount and rate of deposition of negatively charged poly(styrenesulfonate) in NaCl are higher when the electrode is at -200 mV than at +200 mV with respect to the solution. The results are explained in terms of the charge state of the electrical double layer that is primarily controlled by supporting (small) ions.

Monitoring of geomagnetic disturbances using the global survey method in real time

A method for forecasting geomagnetic storms using the realization of the global survey method in real time is presented. The method is based on data from the worldwide network of neutron monitors NMDB. Using this method, we analyze the behavior of components of three-dimensional angular distribution of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium, which were due to the first two spherical harmonics, over the period from 2013 to 2018. We have established that the main parameters that respond to the arrival of geoeffective disturbances of the interplanetary medium at Earth are changes in amplitudes of zonal (north-south) components of cosmic ray distribution. In order to select effective criteria for identifying predictors of geomagnetic disturbances and their possible temporal variations, we have made a retrospective analysis of the relationship between behaviors of the above components and geomagnetic disturbances occurring during the period of interest.

Мониторинг геомагнитных возмущений на основе метода глобальной съемки в реальном времени

A method for forecasting geomagnetic storms using the realization of the global survey method in real time is presented. The method is based on data from the worldwide network of neutron monitors NMDB. Using this method, we analyze the behavior of components of three-dimensional angular distribution of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium, which were due to the first two spherical harmonics, over the period from 2013 to 2018. We have established that the main parameters that respond to the arrival of geoeffective disturbances of the interplanetary medium at Earth are changes in amplitudes of zonal (north-south) components of cosmic ray distribution. In order to select effective criteria for identifying predictors of geomagnetic disturbances and their possible temporal variations, we have made a retrospective analysis of the relationship between behaviors of the above components and geomagnetic disturbances occurring during the period of interest.