Method In Real Time Research Articles

Выбор рациональной тактики лечения бактериального вагиноза

The study involved 49 patients aged 20 to 35 years old, seeking antenatal care with complaints about the presence of vaginal discharge, with a characteristic odor. Verification of the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was based on clinical, laboratory examination: Amsel criteria, direct microscopic study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. Patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the results of the clinical course and laboratory data. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients who during the PCR method in real time revealed the presence of moderate vaginal dysbiosis, with a predominance of anaerobic flora. To this group of patients Neo-Penotran® was administered for 7 days. The group 2 included 24 patients who during diagnosis by PCR revealed the presence of vaginal dysbiosis pronounced, with a predominance of mixed dysbiosis. To this group of patients, we administered a combined preparation of Neo-Penotran® Forte (7 days). The results obtained indicate the absence of relapse within 3 months after therapy. Therefore, during diagnosis and the verification of a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is necessary to estimate the degree of vaginal dysbacteriosis using, including but routine methods, polymerase chain reaction, real-time. Appointment of treatments for bacterial vaginosis should be commensurate with the violations of the habitat of the vagina.

Monte-carlo simulation of the oscillatory dynamics of a catalytic reaction with lateral interactions

We consider a stochastic simulation model of the NO+CO reaction on the (100) face of a platinum single crystal. We investigate the mechanism that gives rise to self-exciting oscillations at the micro level. The system dynamics is calculated using the multilevel kinetic Monte-Carlo method in real time. A grid with several millions of points is used. We show that the reason for the appearance of oscillations is lateral interactions in the adsorbate layer, which speed up the reaction and slow down the desorption processes. The reaction occurs in the form of a periodic surface explosion; as a result, the adsorption layer either fills almost the entire surface or is almost completely stripped from the surface. We investigate the effect of the migration rate on the realization of kinetic oscillations in the microscopic model. Analysis of films from the surface of the lattice model has shown that in the course of the observed reaction "eddies" are constantly born and destroyed in different parts of the surface. With certain special initial conditions, the model leads to excitation of plane traveling and spiral waves.

Nonequilibrium Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Excited by a Red Laser Inside a Power-Law Trap with Hard Walls

We explore the nonequilibrium dynamics of a two-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate excited by a moving red-detuned laser potential. The trap is a combination of a general power-law potential cutoff by a hard wall box potential. The red laser potential is allowed to exit the box potential, leaving the system in a highly nonequilibrium state. This is crucial since the red laser potential squeezes the BEC trapped inside it against the hard wall-boundary at this instant, paving the way for the creation of a shock wave. Once the red laser potential has left the box potential, the Hamiltonian of the system becomes time-independent and the total energy stabilizes. Our systems are simulated by the time-dependent Gross-Ptiaevskii Equation which is numerically solved by the split-step Crank-Nicolson method in real time. It is found that the value at which the total energy stabilizes in the transient stage of the simulation is largely controlled by the initialization process. Before the red laser potential leaves the trap, when the Hamiltonian of the system is still time-dependent, oscillations in the total energy occur if the system is initialized adiabatically by application of a gradually growing and moving red laser potential. If this laser potential is not moving, yet fully present in the initialization process, these oscillations are not observed in the transient stage of the simulation. In addition, the system displays oscillations in the root-mean-square radius of the trapped cloud. The amplitudes of these radial oscillations continue even after the red laser potential leaves the box potential and are used to explore the deviation of the nonstationary states from the corresponding ground states. It is demonstrated that the geometry of the power law potential influences the amplitude of these radial oscillations, reducing them and bringing the systems closer to an equilibrium state. We then argue that by going to tighter trapping geometries, it is not possible to achieve a completely stable system which has been earlier excited by a red laser potential. Most importantly, an increase in the curvature of the power law trap results in chaotic oscillations of the cloud. This work should stimulate further experiments exploring the extent of the nonequilibrium states by a measurement of the amplitude of the root-mean-square radial oscillations of the trapped cloud.

Characteristics of a stilbene scintillation crystal in a neutron spectrometer

Various organic scintillators are commonly used as the detecting material for neutrons, but these detectors are less sensitive to gamma rays. In particular, stilbene crystals and BC501A (NE213, EJ301) have good pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) between neutron and gamma-ray events, and have been selected as the media for fast-neutron detection among the organic, inorganic and plastic materials in a mixed radiation field. Although some of the scintillation characteristics of stilbene crystals have been studied, the detailed scintillation characteristics of the crystal are not completely understood. In this study, the light yield, decay time and pulse shape discrimination capability of a stilbene crystal were measured because this crystal is an optimized detector in a large flux of neutrons such as those might be found in cyclotron and charged particle accelerator facilities. The pulse-shape discrimination of neutrons and gamma rays with a stilbene crystal was measured using a 252Cf neutron source at room temperature. A neutron tagger module was used for the neutron and gamma separation using the charge comparison method in real time. The total pulse width for the charge integration and the delay from the peak-to tail start time were optimized for a better neutron and gamma separation. The relative light yield and decay time of the stilbene crystal scintillator were also measured.

A Congestion Eliminating Control Method for Large-scale Urban Traffic Networks

This paper investigates an efficiency of signal control methodology, which mainly focuses on dealing with the traffic congestion problem in those key congested links and is applicable to be implemented in a hierarchical control structure in large-scale heterogeneous urban traffic networks. In this methodology, an algorithm for finding the most congested path is presented firstly, and the urban traffic flow is modeled by using a simplified macroscopic modeling framework. Then the problem of network-wide signal control is formulated as a linear programming problem that aims at minimizing the number of vehicles(or densities) in congested links so as to improve the mobility of the network and mitigate the traffic congestion. For the application of this method in real time, the multi-variables optimization problem including constraints is embedded in a model-based dynamic control procedure. Finally, different traffic demand scenarios are designed and four evaluation criteria are applied to measure the performance of the proposed method in a hypothetical road network. Compared with the fixed-time control strategy, the simulation results show that it is an effective and feasible way to regulate the traffic flow and mitigate the congestion in large-scale urban networks.

Simulation of metastable corrosion pit development under mechanical stress

A cellular automata model coupled with finite element method is used to describe metastable pitting corrosion growth and its transition to stability of stainless steel under mechanical stress. The model includes anodic dissolution, passivation, diffusion and hydrolysis of salt film. The local stress and strain distributions on the pit surface are analyzed by the finite element method in real time during the pit growth. The effects of local stress and strain on anodic current at every micro-region of the pit surface obtained by Gutman model are used as the boundary conditions for the cellular automata model. The result shows that the growth rate of metastable pitting corrosion under stress is far higher than that under no stress. The effects of rupture time and rupture extent of pit cover and diffusion of hydrogen ions on current transients under stress and no stress are analyzed.

Classification of road surface status using a 94 GHz dual-channel polarimetric radiometer

In this article, we classify road surface statuses using a Bayesian classification method. This article uses principal component analysis (PCA) that combines a 94 GHz dual-channel polarimetric radiometer. The radiometer is used to investigate the behaviour of the brightness temperature (BT) of different road surface statuses in an open-air laboratory. The aim of this investigation is to characterize four different road surface classes (dry, wet, snowy and icy). Here, the BT (radiothermal emission) characteristics are measured at horizontal and vertical polarizations. For a given database of weather information (including BT, road surface temperature, wind speed, etc.), a PCA subspace is constructed, and the score vectors are classified by solving the Bayesian classification method. As a result, the road surface statuses were found to be well classified by the proposed method in real time.

Electrocorticographic control of a prosthetic arm in paralyzed patients

Paralyzed patients may benefit from restoration of movement afforded by prosthetics controlled by electrocorticography (ECoG). Although ECoG shows promising results in human volunteers, it is unclear whether ECoG signals recorded from chronically paralyzed patients provide sufficient motor information, and if they do, whether they can be applied to control a prosthetic. We recorded ECoG signals from sensorimotor cortices of 12 patients while they executed or attempted to execute 3 to 5 simple hand and elbow movements. Sensorimotor function was severely impaired in 3 patients due to peripheral nervous system lesion or amputation, moderately impaired due to central nervous system lesions sparing the cortex in 4 patients, and normal in 5 patients. Time frequency and decoding analyses were performed with the patients' ECoG signals. In all patients, the high gamma power (80-150 Hz) of the ECoG signals during movements was clearly responsive to movement types and provided the best information for classifying different movement types. The classification performance was significantly better than chance in all patients, although differences between ECoG power modulations during different movement types were significantly less in patients with severely impaired motor function. In the impaired patients, cortical representations tended to overlap each other. Finally, using the classification method in real time, a moderately impaired patient and 3 nonparalyzed patients successfully controlled a prosthetic arm. ECoG signals appear useful for prosthetic arm control and may provide clinically feasible motor restoration for patients with paralysis but no injury of the sensorimotor cortex.

Prediction of Gas Wells Performance Using Wellhead and Production Data

The monitoring of gas wells is quite challenging principally because the gas supply contract is usually signed before the gas production commences. Consequently, production potential above the daily contractual quantity is normally maintained to ensure that gas demand is met even in the case of unexpected closure of any of the gas wells. Therefore, meeting the gas demand sometimes does not allow regular data acquisition as required. In the approach presented in this study, the well and production data were used to estimate the productivity parameters at the bottom hole condition of a gas well using correlation. The correlation predicts the flowing bottom hole pressure for every set of production data. The estimated flowing bottom hole pressures compare favorably with the measured data. Using the predicted flowing bottom hole pressure, the gas well productivity parameters are determined. The resulting inflow performance relationship of the well demonstrates the reliability of this method in real time well performance evaluation. The application of this method is presented using a gas well that initially had poor performance but which improved significantly after an acid stimulation.

Interfacial behavior of immortalized hypothalamic mouse neurons detected by acoustic wave propagation

The attachment of immortalized hypothalamic murine neurons onto the surface of an acoustic wave device yields both positive series resonant frequency (f(s)) and motional resistance (R(m)) shifts as opposed to commonly reported negative f(s) and positive R(m) shifts observed for other cell types. These unique shifts have been confirmed by a variety of experiments in order to verify the source and the validity of the signals. These studies involved monitoring responses to solution flow, the absence of serum proteins, the effect of reducing specific cell -surface interactions and the disruption of the neuronal cytoskeleton components. For the adhesion and deposition of neurons, f(s) and R(m) shifts are positively correlated to the amount of adhered neurons on the sensor surface, whereas non-adhered neurons do not produce any significant change in the monitored parameters. In the absence of serum proteins, initial cell adhesion is followed by subsequent cell death and removal from the sensor surface. The presence of the peptide, GRGDS is observed to significantly reduce cell-surface specific interactions compared to the control of SDGRG and this produces f(s) and R(m) responses that are opposite in direction to that observable for cell adhesion. Cytoskeletal studies, using the drugs nocodazole (10 μM), colchicine (1 μM), cytochalasin B (10 μM) and cytochalasin D (2 μM) all elicit neuronal responses that are validated by phalloidin actin-filament staining. These results indicate that the responses are associated with a wide range of cellular changes that can be monitored and studied using the acoustic wave method in real time, under optimal physiological conditions.

Algorithm Development for Measurement and Prediction the Traffic in Broad Band Integrated Service Networks

Problem statement: In this study an effort had been made to develop an algorithm for traffic prediction and measurement for a wide use networks such as B-ISDN. Such algorithm should base on valuable parameters during the various stages of data elements transmission. The offered algorithm was expected to enforce the main sources of congestion problem in network. With this technique the admission decision is made according to the prediction of a few quality of service parameters expected for the new connections. Approach: This research aimed to find out the suitable method for improving the performance and the quality of service during the real time work in wide used networks now days. The improvement of quality of services in B-ISDN can be achieved by a significant estimation of the network state and discovering the most critical situation during the work time. The most repeated problems in such networks are loses of connection, delay time and saturation of communication lines. These problems are known and some solution could be sufficient to deal with, but not for a long time. Results: The proposed solution was based on the need of traffic prediction method in real time to determine the state of network and decide how to deal with. Such method should base on finding the most significant parameters in network during the real time work and use them as prediction variable to predict the situation or the state of network in the future time and then take the appropriate action. Suffering from permanent problems finding the most significant parameters, which can be estimated at the real time to help for solving a raw problems which encountered during the work in networks such as saturation, bottleneck, disconnecting and time delay. Conclusion: The results which achieved by this research was based on the developed algorithm which can be used to predict the traffic in B-ISDN, optimizing the bandwidth and making the bandwidth available to the behaving sources under congestion situation and also when there is no congestion. Meet the QoS demands of the network traffic during congestion situation and also when there is no congestion. Reject/drop all the packets. First guideline for future study in this direction is investigation additional objective functions, such as bandwidth limitation for archive more general results.

Active Temperature Programming for Metal-Oxide Chemoresistors

Modulating the operating temperature of metal-oxide (MOX) chemical sensors gives rise to gas-specific signatures that provide a wealth of analytical information. In most cases, the operating temperature is modulated according to a standard waveform (e.g., ramp, sine wave). A few studies have approached the optimization of temperature profiles systematically, but these optimizations are performed offline and cannot adapt to changes in the environment. Here, we present an ¿active perception¿ strategy based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) that allows the temperature program to be optimized in real time, as the sensor reacts to its environment. We characterize the method on a ternary classification problem using a simulated sensor model subjected to additive Gaussian noise, and compare it against two ¿passive¿ approaches, a nai¿ve Bayes classifier and a nearest neighbor classifier. Finally, we validate the method in real time using a Taguchi sensor exposed to three volatile compounds. Our results show that the POMDP outperforms both passive approaches and provides a strategy to balance classification performance and sensing costs.

供試体反力を考慮した振動台制御 : 外乱オブザーバによる荷重補償設計(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

When a shaking-table of an earthquake simulator is driven for the seismic experiment of a specimen, its motion is affected by a reaction force caused by the specimen on the table. This paper presents a reaction force compensation methodology for shaking tables in earthquake simulators. This methodology is designed by using the RFC(Reaction Force Compensation) based on the disturbance observer method in real time. RFC observes the reaction force and compensates the observed reaction force by using a phase lead compensator. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified by using a two-dimensional large shaking table.

ＳＩＲ／ＭＣＭＣパーティクルフィルタを用いた分散カメラとレーザによる複数移動体の同時追跡

We are conducting the research project named Robot Town Project. The aim of this research is to develop a distributed sensor system such as cameras, laser range finders, and IC tags, and its management system so that autonomous robots can work with humans in an ordinary environment for daily human life. This paper presents a sensor network system consisting of distributed cameras and laser range finders for multiple objects tracking. Sensory information from cameras is processed by the Level Set Method in real time and integrated with range data obtained by laser range finders in a probabilistic manner using novel SIR/MCMC combined particle filters. Though the conventional SIR particle filter is a popular technique for object tracking, it has been pointed out that there are some drawbacks in practical applications such as its low tracking performance for multiple targets due to the degeneracy problem. In this paper, the new combined particle filters consisting of a low-resolution MCMC particle filter and a high-resolution SIR particle filter is proposed. Simultaneous tracking experiments for multiple moving targets are successfully carried out and it is verified that the combined particle filters has higher performance than the conventional particle filters in terms of the number of particles, the processing speed, and the tracking performance for multiple targets.

Nonlinear Reconfiguring Flight Control Based on Online Physical Model Identification

This paper presents a study on fault tolerant flight control of a benchmark aircraft model. Reconfiguring control is implemented by making use of adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion for manual and autopilot control. The weakness of classical nonlinear dynamic inversion, its sensitivity to modeling errors, is circumvented here by making use of a real-time identified physical model of the damaged aircraft. With help of the Boeing 747 benchmark simulation model, including the realistic component as well as the structural failure modes, it is possible to analyze the damage accommodation capabilities of the considered approach. In failure conditions, the damaged aircraft model is identified by the so-called two-step method in real time and this model is applied subsequently to the model-based adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion routine in a modular structure, which allows flight control reconfigurations online. After discussing the modular adaptive controller setup, reconfiguration test results are shown for damaged aircraft models using a desktop computer as well as the moving base Simulation, Motion, and Navigation Research Flight Simulator of Delft University. These results indicate satisfactory failure handling capabilities of this fault tolerant control setup, for component as well as structural failures.

The comparison of three different nucleic acid isolation methods in hepatitis B virus DNA detection with real-time quantitative PCR

Objective To investigate the influence of different HBV DNA extraction methods with Micro-Nucleic-Releaser (MNR), polysaccharide deposition method and boiling method in real-time quantitative and provide reference data for clinical lab regarding the PCR kit selection. Methods Three different HBV DNA isolation methods including MNR, polysaccharide deposition method and boiling method were used to study the extraction efficiency and anti-interference ability when HBV DNA virus in lipemia, haemolysis or jaundice serum samples was detected with real-time PCR. The traditional HBV DNA isolation method of Hydroxybenzene-Chloroform was used as control method. Results The quantitative results and amplification efficiency differed among different extraction methods. Complete hemolytic sample brought biggest influence, modest hemolytic sample give minimal influence, whereas the lipemia and jaundice did not bring significant influence to detection. The MNR give the best amplification efficiency and quantitativereproducibility. The extraction efficiency of boiling method was lowest. The fluorescent efficiency of real-timePCR from Hydroxybenzene-Chloroform methods was better than other methods, but it suffered from losingHBV DNA. Conclusions Real-time PCR system of HBV DNA isolation by MNR can provide an accurate,highly sensitive, and rapid method to quantify Hepatitis B virus. It is suitable to use in clinical laboratory. Key words: Hepatitis B virus; DNA,viral; Polymerase chain reaction

Resonant Frequency Control Method for Total Artificial Heart: In Vitro Study

In order to develop a therapeutic control method for an artificial heart that adapts to physiological behavior for more effective medical care, we applied a resonant frequency control method to a total artificial heart, and evaluated the effectiveness through an in vitro study. The proposed control method utilizes a resonant frequency that can effectively provide blood flow. This resonant frequency was estimated using the systemic circulation model with an online system identification method in real time from two measured physiological data: aortic pressure and blood flow. The effectiveness of the proposed control method was evaluated using a mock-up circulation loop. As a result, the system gain under the resonant frequency control increased compared to the control using pulsatile frequencies that were different from the resonant frequency, when the physiological condition was changed. Therefore, we confirmed the proposed control method to be an applicable therapeutic control method that could adapt to physiological behavior for more effective medical care.

P131

Assessment of gut perfusion is vital to prevent anastomotic disruption or strictures following bowel resection. Accurate measurements of tissue perfusion by a direct method in real time would reduce the risk of potential problems due to ischemia. We used a spectrophotometer to measure superficial tissue oxygenation in patients undergoing gastric bypass to assess the effectiveness of this technology.

A Fast Procedure for Optimizing Dynamic Force Distribution in Multifingered Grasping

This correspondence deals with the dynamic force distribution (DFD) problem, i.e., computing the contact forces to equilibrate a dynamic external wrench on the grasped object. The sum of the normal force components is minimized for enhancing safety and saving energy. By this optimality criterion, the DFD problem can be transformed into a linear programming (LP) problem. Its objective function is the inner product of the dynamic external wrench and a vector, and the constraints on the vector, given by a set of linear inequalities, define a polytope. The solution to the LP problem can always be attained at the vertex of the polytope called the solution vertex. We notice that the polytope is determined by the grasp configuration. Along with the direction change of the dynamic external wrench, only the solution vertex moves to an adjacent vertex sequentially, whereas the polytope with all its vertices remains unchanged. Therefore, the polytope and the adjacencies of each vertex can be computed in the offline phase. Then, in the online phase, simply search the adjacencies of the old solution vertex for the new one. Without lost of optimality, such a DFD algorithm runs a thousandfold faster than solving the LP problem by the simplex method in real time.

도로 기반 이동 애드 혹 망에서 질의 처리 방법

최근 데이터 중심 라우팅 및 응용 분야에 기반한 라우팅 프로토콜이 이동 애드 혹 망에 다양하게 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 이동 애드 혹 망에서 질의 처리를 위한 라우팅 기법을 제안한다. 이는 도로 네트워크를 기반으로 실시간 교통 정보를 획득하기 위한 라우팅 방법으로 중앙 서버 없이 도로 위를 움직이는 이동 노드들이 자율적으로 애드 혹 망을 형성하여 질의를 처리한다. 즉, 라우팅 메시지 내에 도로 연결성을 고려한 질의 속성을 포함시키고 도로 위를 순회하는 이동 노드들로부터 실시간으로 정보를 획득하는 것이다. 본 기법에서는 경로 설정 단계와 데이터 전달(질의 처리) 단계를 단일화 하고, 도로 정보를 이용하여 불필요한 라우팅 메시지의 전달을 줄이는데 초점을 두었다. 제안한 라우팅 기법의 응용을 위해 도착 시간에 의존한 최단 경로 검색 질의를 적용하였고 성능 평가를 위해 실제 도로 네트워크와 도로 위를 순회하는 이동 노드들로 구성된 시뮬레이션 환경을 구축하였다. 주요 측정 요소는 경로 선정 및 질의 처리에 필요한 메시지 수로 이는 에너지 효율성 및 무선 대역 효율성에도 영향을 미친다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 라우팅 메시지 수 감소에 도로 정보가 지배적인 요인이 됨을 보여준다. Recently data centric routing or application dependent routing protocols are emerged in mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a routing method for query processing in MANET(Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) environment, called road-based query routing, with consideration on real time traffic information of large number of vehicles. In particular, we focus on the method that process arrival time dependent shortest path query in MANET without a central server on the road networks. The main idea of our approach lies in a routing message that includes query predicates based on the road connectivity and on data gathering method in real time from vehicles on the road by ad-hoc network. We unify route discovery phase and data delivery(query processing) phase in our mechanism and reduce unnecessary flooding messages by pruning mobile nodes which are not on the same or neighboring road segments. In order to evaluate the performances of the proposed method, we established a model of road networks and mobile nodes which travel along the roads. The measurement factor is the number of nodes to whom route request is propagated according to each pruning strategy. Simulation result shows that road information is a dominant factor to reduce the number of messages.