Message Structure Research Articles

What do older women want from a physical activity program? Stakeholder consultation to optimise design and recruitment for the Active Women over 50 trial

BackgroundEffective recruitment and retention of participants are prerequisites for high quality physical activity intervention programs and evaluation trials, but this is underreported in the literature making it difficult to identify the most promising strategies. Incorporating stakeholder feedback in the design of program components and recruitment materials can optimise recruitment reach and the engagement of participants throughout programs and trials.MethodsThe Active Women over 50 randomised controlled trial is testing a program designed to support women aged 50 + to be more physically active. To optimise program design and recruitment flyers, we conducted one focus group and 17 interviews with diverse purposively sampled women aged 50 + living in New South Wales, Australia. Women were asked to review recruitment flyers and the four proposed program components: (1) health coaching, (2) dedicated website with resources, (3) private Facebook group and (4) motivational email and SMS messages. Data analysis incorporated framework methods, deductive analysis using the Adapted Mobile App Rating Scale for evaluating websites and abductive analysis to critique the underlying program theory.ResultsFive themes were identified in relation to recruitment: I want to see (women like) myself, Keep it real, Readability is for everyone, Why should I do it? and Find us where we live. The four program components were strongly supported as a package, but were valued differently for their relative importance. Results were used to refine the health coaching scheduling; website appearance and content; promotion and moderation of the Facebook group; and the structure, appearance and content of messages. Not all suggestions were actionable due to technological and time constraints, and the desire to keep program costs low enough for delivery at scale during the study and beyond. The program theory was expanded to encompass two emergent concepts.ConclusionsThis consultation resulted in substantial refinements to recruitment flyers and strategies, and all four program components. We anticipate that these refinements will increase the reach and appeal of the trial and optimise future scale-up. Consultation feedback, while specific to this program, may have wider transferability for recruitment and the design of programs with similar components targeting women aged 50+.

Narrative Structure of Moral Messages in the Film Two Blue Lines: Pan and Kosicki Framing Analysis

Narrative Structure of Moral Messages in the Film Two Blue Lines: Pan and Kosicki Framing Analysis

CONTENT ANALYSIS OF APPROACH MESSAGES ON LIVE STREAMING CONTENT ON ONLINE SHOP ACCOUNT IN TIKTOK SHOP

In the world of commerce, a new trend is developing where selling and promoting products via live streaming on social media platforms is increasingly in demand. TikTok, as one of the main platforms, has launched the TikTok Shop feature which offers live streaming services, becoming a favorite for Indonesian people to shop. Direct interaction between sellers and buyers in live streaming creates a new and interesting shopping experience. The aim of this research is to categorize online stores based on the messaging approach used and evaluate their effectiveness. Qualitative content analysis methods were used in this research. The results show that online stores that use a combined group messaging approach tend to be more effective in attracting live streaming viewers and increasing sales. The four online shop accounts studied fall into three categories of message structuring logic theory. The @louissescarlettfamily account succeeded in attracting many viewers and increasing sales by using an expressive and combinative approach. Meanwhile, the @oktaviana_tas_grosir and @dininrli accounts follow more conventional logic in composing messages, focusing on important information, but are unable to attract many viewers. The @basreng.sultan.bandung account uses an emotional rhetorical approach and is successful in influencing purchasing behavior in live streaming. Thus, online stores that combine expressive and combinative messaging approaches tend to be more successful in attracting audiences and increasing sales. An emotional rhetorical approach can also be effective in influencing purchasing behavior in live streaming. Keywords: Content Analysis, Tiktok Shop, Message Approach

Kajian Struktur dan Fungsi Bahasa Pada Produk Makanan dan Minuman Iklan Televisi Berdasarkan Analisis Wacana

The highest position at the linguistic level is discourse. Discourse is said to be the most complete unit of language. Discourse analysis is the study of message structure in communication. This research describes the structure and function of food and beverage products in television advertising. Researchers use a discourse analysis approach, with a qualitative research type. This research method is descriptive analysis, using listening and note-taking techniques. The data source in this research was obtained through food and drink advertisements. The research results show that there is an advertising structure consisting of the main points of the advertisement consisting of four propositions, namely: (a) providing benefits for potential consumers; (b) the title and subtitle sentences are product brands with foreign terms or seem unique; (c) question sentences to consumers; (d) orders to potential consumers to do something. The explanatory items consist of three propositions, namely: (a) subjective reasons; (b) objective reasons; (c) a mixture of subject and objective reasons. The closing points of the advertisement were developed into: hard techniques, soft techniques, and a mixture of hard and soft techniques. Apart from that, researchers obtained language functions which include: information function, persuasive function, and image building function for a product.

To Say or Not To Say: The Influence of Interpersonal Communication Message Structure on Child Nutrition Promotion

Purpose: This study analyzed the influence of Interpersonal Communication (IPC) message structure in the promotion child nutrition. The study which was guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM) and employed the mixed methods research design.
 Methodology: A sample of 10 Health Professionals (HPs) drawn from Public Healthcare facilities and 247 residents with children aged 5 years and below was drawn from Ganze Constituency in Kilifi County. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.
 Findings: The study found that incorporation of the 7Cs of effective communication was vital in Health Communication and Behaviour Change Communication specifically from a child nutrition perspective, with the strongest effect achieved through messages that were both concrete and coherent. Additionally, the ethos appeal proved to be the most powerful appeal in child nutrition communication.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that communicators should ensure child nutrition messages are packaged in line with the 7Cs of effective communication. It also recommends for audience analysis research prior to the dissemination of CNI messages to ensure messages are structured using the appropriate tone, stylistic devices and persuasion appeals.

Persuasive Communication Factors and Their Effect on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Amongst Residents of the Informal Urban Settlement in Kenya

Despite the immense resources and intensified interventions by the government and the international community, the desired uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya has not been commendable. Hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine remains high among the Kenyan population. Misconception and negative publicity have widely affected vaccine uptake. Since the vaccine is now readily available in the country’s private and public health facilities, it is critical to convince those hesitant to take it. Persuasive communication plays a critical role in the messaging framework during a public health crisis. They mostly rely on various communication channels, communication sources, and messaging structures to convey the public health message at different levels and to various targets. Given the expansive information environment, we sought to characterize the use of persuasive communication factors for COVID-19 vaccine information and determine their effect on vaccine acceptance. This study evaluated persuasive communication factors and their effect on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among residents of informal urban settlements in Kenya. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the informal urban settlement of Kibera. Data was collected using a structured pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Demographic variables were analyzed and presented using means and proportions. The results indicated that trustworthiness/expertise (β = 0.175, p = 0.001), attractiveness/likability (β = 0.120, p = 0.009), and familiarity/similarity (β = 0.165, p = 0.001) significantly affected the likelihood of vaccine acceptance. Message factors such as factual/logical appeals (β = 0.829, p = 0.000) significantly and positively affected the likelihood of vaccination. Channel factors such as interactivity (β = 0.439, p = 0.000) and decidability (β = 0.287, p = 0.019) significantly positively affected the likelihood of vaccination. The study found that trustworthiness/expertise, attractiveness/likability, familiarity/similarity, factual/logical appeals, interactivity, and decidability significantly affect vaccine acceptance. These findings can inform policymakers, public health professionals, and communication experts on effective communication strategies to enhance vaccine uptake in informal urban settlements.

A Model of Forming a Dynamic Structure for Establishing the Source of Messages in the Receiver's Memory

The purpose of research is increasing the speed of procedures for determining the data source in the block coupling mode, due to the analysis of the dynamic list structure of messages formed in the receiver's memory as a result of intermediate calculations.Methods. The model of forming a dynamic list structure is based on the hardware implementation of the method of limiting the set of data blocks processed by the receiver. The data package includes a special service word, the contents of which are checked for falling into the range of values formed by the receiver when each data block is received. The described restriction reduces the number of typical comparison operations of service words performed when determining the source of messages, and also reduces the likelihood of errors in determining the data source.Results. Based on the model of the formation of a dynamic tree-like list structure, distributions of a priori probabilities of the number of nodes of a certain level are obtained in case of errors in determining the data source and without them. This allows us to obtain significant a posteriori error probabilities depending on the observed number of nodes of a certain level. The criteria for making a decision on the error of determining the source based on the calculation of the number of nodes before the complete completion of the formation of the tree structure and before the stage of its analysis are formulated. This reduces the computational complexity of the procedure for determining the data source in the block coupling mode and reduces the memory costs for storing intermediate results.Conclusion. In the course of the study, it was revealed that for sequences of messages with a length of more than 20, the detection of more than 8 extraneous branches of the dynamic list structure being formed allows us to state with a 90% probability that the procedure for determining the source ended in an error. The refusal to transmit subsequent sequence messages and to perform processing operations of the tree structure allows to increase the speed of the procedure for determining the source of messages and reduce its computational complexity.

ТЕОРІЯ ПОВІДОМЛЕНЬ ТА ЇХ ТИПОЛОГІЯ

The general scientific, interdisciplinary problem of building the concept of message theory is solved. Accordingly, the object of research is all possible types of messages that function in the real world both within any cybernetic systems and between them. The subject of research is axioms, laws, structure, attributes, characteristics, typology, as well as operations on messages. The purpose of the article is to develop the concept of the theory of messages as a component of such universal sciences as the theory of mass communication, information science and cybernetics. Analysis, synthesis, idealization, logical method, and generalization were used among research methods. In addition to methods, the research also used techniques such as systematization and typology (typologization). The article is written in the style of a review, theoretical genre. The literature review analyzed 22 sources, including the world's most famous encyclopedic editions and dictionaries in the fields of journalism, mass communication theory, and cybernetics. In the obtained results, it is determined that a message is a fragment (a part that has a beginning and an end) of data of a cybernetic system, which (a) is a tuple, (b) is located in time or space, and (c) is intended to transmit information from the sender (source ) to its recipient (recipient). Features of creation, meaning and meaning of messages are determined. The structure of messages and types of their context are considered. It is noted that any kind of messages can be represented in an idealized digital form as a chain of 0 and 1. Six axioms are considered as the basis of the concept of message theory. Within this concept, six laws are distinguished. Five attributes of messages, as well as seven of their main characteristics, are considered. Among the types of messages, informative (9 types) and non-informative (also 9 types) are highlighted. In addition, formal (non-meaningful, 13 items) and informal (meaningful, 9 items) operations performed on messages are indicated.

When explainability turns into a threat - using xAI to fool a fake news detection method

The inclusion of Explainability of Artificial Intelligence (xAI) has become a mandatory requirement for designing and implementing reliable, interpretable and ethical AI solutions in numerous domains. xAI is now the subject of extensive research, from both the technical and social science perspectives. It is being received enthusiastically by legislative bodies and regular users of machine-learning-boosted applications alike. However, opening the black box of AI comes at a cost. This paper presents the results of the first study proving that xAI can enable successful adversarial attacks in the domain of fake news detection and lead to a decrease in AI security. We postulate the novel concept that xAI and security should strike a balance, especially in critical applications, such as fake news detection. An attack scheme against fake news detection methods is presented that employs an explainable solution. The described experiment demonstrates that the well-established SHAP explainer can be used to reshape the structure of the original message in such a way that the value of the model's prediction could be arbitrarily forced, whilst the meaning of the message stays the same. The paper presents various examples for which the SHAP values are used to point the adversary to the words and phrases that have to be changed to flip the label on the model prediction. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it has been the first research work to experimentally demonstrate the sinister side of xAI. As the generation and spreading of fake news has become a tool of modern warfare and a grave threat to democracy, the potential impact of explainable AI should be addressed as soon as possible.

Promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: analysis of media messaging in India

This study aims to shed light on the limitations in the Indian government’s communication about COVID-19 vaccines through the mass media and how it may have impacted the vaccination rate in the country. The study argues that while vaccine scarcity is an important challenge, vaccine hesitancy and refusal are also major barriers to achieving adequate immunization coverage in India. Using Chadwick’s hybrid media system framework, the study combines data from traditional and social media to evaluate the Indian government’s COVID-19 vaccine campaign, specifically the Public Service Announcements (PSAs) promoting COVID-19 vaccinations. The study finds that the government’s PSAs supporting COVID-19 vaccinations are limited, especially when compared to private vaccine PSAs, despite India’s success with PSA campaigns for other vaccinations such as polio, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS prevention. By comparing social media health campaigns of analogous health agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom, the study identifies significant flaws in India’s message structuring and establishing credibility and trust in COVID-19 vaccines. The study’s findings suggest that the Indian government’s failure to use media effectively to promote COVID-19 vaccines may have influenced the vaccination rate in the country, potentially allowing for future outbreaks.

MSLFuzzer: black-box fuzzing of SOHO router devices via message segment list inference

The popularity of small office and home office routers has brought convenience, but it also caused many security issues due to vulnerabilities. Black-box fuzzing through network protocols to discover vulnerabilities becomes a viable option. The main drawbacks of state-of-the-art black-box fuzzers can be summarized as follows. First, the feedback process neglects to discover the missing fields in the raw message. Secondly, the guidance of the raw message content in the mutation process is aimless. Finally, the randomized validity of the test case structure can cause most fuzzing tests to end up with an invalid response of the tested device. To address these challenges, we propose a novel black-box fuzzing framework called MSLFuzzer. MSLFuzzer infers the raw message structure according to the response from a tested device and generates a message segment list. Furthermore, MSLFuzzer performs semantic, sequence, and stability analyses on each message segment to enhance the complementation of missing fields in the raw message and guide the mutation process. We construct a dataset of 35 real-world vulnerabilities and evaluate MSLFuzzer. The evaluation results show that MSLFuzzer can find more vulnerabilities and elicit more types of responses from fuzzing targets. Additionally, MSLFuzzer successfully discovered 10 previously unknown vulnerabilities.

THE MODEL OF INFORMATION MESSAGE OF MONITORING RESULTS IN CASE EMERGENCIES OR EMERGENCY THREATS IN THE BORDER ZONES OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION IN RUSSIA AND BELARUS

The article describes model of the structure of the interstate information message is presented task is prompt and detailed transfer of information on emergency situations and their consequences through the automated systems of data exchange between the regional departments of the EMERCOM of Russia (Bryansk region) and the EMERCOM of the Republic of Belarus of border areas (Gomel and Mogilev regions).The digital representation of the data in the message is based on the use of joint electronic directories: on the settlements in Gomel and Mogilev regions of the Republic of Belarus, Bryansk region of the Russian Federation; on interstate standards on radiation remedial measures and electronic exchange of information; on emergencies and their scale; on weather conditions. The structure of an electronic message has been developed on the basis of a number of joint electronic directories designed to support information exchange procedures, provided that the volume of transmitted data is minimized and the level of detail about emergencies and/or their threats in the zones of radioactive contamination of the border areas of Russia and Belarus is expanded.

Вербальная эмпатия в функционально-прагматическом фокусе (на материале французского языка)

The aim of the research is to determine the functional-pragmatic structure of reactive empathetic messages in the situation of emotional suppression experienced by the initiator of communication. For the first time, an attempt has been made to consider the verbal manifestation of the empathetic sphere of compassion from the perspective of its functioning in combination with a speech act analysis of the mechanisms implementing the identified functions, based on the material of the French language. Unlike the previously proposed speech act representation of empathetic speech behavior within a pragmatic approach, the use of a functional method allows for the establishment of the previously unstudied functional-pragmatic structural organization of the verbal manifestation of empathetic response, thus explaining the scientific novelty of the work. As a result, the fundamental concepts characterizing the pragmatic structure of verbal empathy are refined: illocutionary empative, empathetic illocutionary function. The functional and speech-act tools for intentional realization of empathetic utterances by the reacting addressee are identified, which, according to the author, allows for the modeling of the functional-pragmatic structure of empathetic messages in compassionate communication. A dominant illocutionary function with subordinate empathetic subfunctions of various speech-act representations is distinguished.

“Analisis Wacana Pesan Dakwah Dalam Film I-Tanggang: Mother Of All Lies”

The film I-Tanggang: Mother of Lies tells the story of a disobedient child and a mother who lies, causing extreme conflict in 3 family stories that are told and have 12 episodes. It is important to explain that da'wah messages can be conveyed through various media, one of which is film media, so that when watching a film you don't just enjoy the storyline. But, also da'wah messages which are of course very useful. Thus, the researcher wants to review and describe the preaching message contained in the film I-Tanggang: Mother of All Lies. The problems to be uncovered in this study are: the macro discourse structure, the superstructure and the micro structure of the dakwah messages contained in the dialogue texts of the film characters I-Tanggang: Mother of Lies in the story of the character Syafiq. The type of research that the researchers used was a qualitative approach, collecting data through text observation and documentation, while the data analysis technique used was media text analysis using the Teun A. Van Dijk discourse analysis model. Based on the results of the research that the writer did, in the film I-Tanggang: Mother of All Lies, which tells the story of one of the main characters, namely the character Syafiq, there is a da'wah message about faith. (about reciting basmallah and surrendering to Allah SWT.), about sharia (punishment for those who commit adultery and the wife's obedience to her husband), and morals (about hard work and responsibility). The general theme in the film I-Tanggang: Mother Of All Lies is about a syndrome where sufferers always lie and manipulate circumstances, about the important role of parents in educating children, and how a teenager's patience in facing difficulties. life and the twists and turns of problems that he shouldn't have experienced, with mixed storylines (forward and backward plots).

VISUAL SEMIOTICS IN THE STUDY OF ART PHENOMENA: SYMBOL AND SYMPTOM

The study aims to use the approach of visual semiotics to analyse the ritual graphic signs of the Rezekne Jewish cemetery as a segment of the city in terms of "signifier" and "signified", or “expression” and “content”. The Star of David, as the dominant sign of the ritual graphics, is gradually losing the status of a sacred symbol and in a series of tombstones confirms the structure of a symptom. The paper is devoted not only to clarifying the cultural and social causes of such changes but also to the study of the mechanism of mutual transitions between symbols and symptoms, the differences in the coding of these types of signs, which has not been done in visual semiotics so far.Theoreticians have hitherto not paid due attention to the study of signs of graves as a segment of the urban environment. Moreover, the theory of visual semiotics also lacks a description of the specificity of signs in ritual graphics. Ritual graphics is an important indicator of the regularity of cultural processes in an ethnically diverse environment. When surveying the Jewish cemeteries of the Latgale region, the difference in the choice of visual graphics in the city and the countryside is obvious. In rural cemeteries that are still in use, the content and structure of verbal messages, as well as decorative graphics are traditional, therefore predictable. In city cemeteries, there is a change in graphics, deviations from tradition, its modification and obvious violations of tradition. Along with the verbal report about the deceased, the ritual graphic, on the one hand, complements it as an integral part, on the other hand, lives an independent life, because the first, and the only sign that the observer notices is the visual or non-verbal sign. In terms of information, the visual sign is noticeably more capacious, as it is older than the verbal and requires much less time for perception. The focus of the study is the divergence between the meanings of the sacred hexagram and the secular yellow star or “badge”, the causal relationships of their use and perception from the point of view of visual semiotics and cultural philosophy - phenomena of symbolization and desymbolization.

Signature Split Method for a PQC-DSA Compliant with V2V Communication Standards

The development of quantum computing systems poses a great threat to the security of existing public key-based systems. As a result, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) started a Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization project in 2015, and currently active research is being conducted to apply PQC to various cryptographic protocols. Unlike elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)-based schemes, PQC requires a large memory footprint and key/signature size. Therefore, when migrating PQC to a protocol, depending on the PQC and protocol specifications, it can be hard to migrate PQC. In the case of the WAVE protocol, it is difficult to satisfy the accuracy of a specific PQC algorithm because segmentation of the signature occurs during transmission due to the limitation of the maximum packet size. Therefore, in this paper, we present two methodologies that can apply PQC while complying with IEEE 1609.2 standards to the WAVE protocol in the V2V environment. Whereas previous migration studies have focused on designing a hybrid mode of protocols, this paper explores solutions more intuitively at the application layer of protocols. We analyzed two postquantum digital signature algorithms (Crystals-Dilithium and Falcon) and the structure of basic-safety messages (BSMs) of the V2V protocol on the size side. Through this, we propose methods that can perform an independent signature verification process without waiting for all divided signatures in the WAVE protocol. Our methodology overcomes the limitation that schemes with large signature sizes cannot be mounted into the WAVE protocol. We also note that the architecture used as an on-board unit (OBU) in an autonomous driving environment is mainly a microprocessor. We investigated an optimized PQC implementation in the OBU environment and simulated our methodology with the V2Verifier. Finally, we measured the accurate latency through simulation in Jetson Xavier, which is mainly used as an OBU in the V2V communication network.

Humanitarian Calls For Blood Donation: Construction of Binary Message on @pmikotabogor

The blood stock of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is running low due to restrictions on community activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. The decline in stock was exacerbated by the public's view that the transfusion process had been contaminated with the virus. The study used Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic analysis to examine the structure of messages on @pmikotabogor. During 2020, there were posted 896 contents. Through the categorization process, 22 relevant content (graphic) posts were obtained answering research questions, which two of them became the unit of analysis. Content as a sign was constructed through Saussure's binary opposition principal which are selection (paradigmatic axis) and combinations (syntagmatic axis). The results showed, to deal with a critical situation, PMI Bogor City conveys a “humanity call” to the public through two types of messages, namely “call for blood donors” and “safety” during blood transfusions.

Cryptographic protocol conformance testing based on domain-specific state machine

We present a method of conformance testing of the cryptographic protocol implementations that ensures a high degree of automation of the testing process and provides criteria for the quality assessment of the generated test suites. Our method is based on a kind of extended (non-finite) state machine which is specifically designed for the domain of cryptographic protocols. The key concept of the proposed machine is a built-in mechanism of sequences, which, firstly, sets an effective way to deal with the nondeterminism inherent in cryptographic protocols and, secondly, provides the means to express "inconvenient" (for the high-level declarative languages) requirements, such as e.g. "take the concatenation of the specified parts of all the previous messages which meet specified condition". Basing on this machine, we propose a high-level declarative language (embedded in Haskell) intended for development of interoperable protocol specifications used as input data for our testing tool. The protocol specification consists of two parts: a description of the structure of the protocol messages (this part, by virtue of its conciseness and declarativeness, can be directly incorporated in the primary specifications such as RFC) and a set of state machine transition functions binded to the sequences. In the paper, we present the principles of building of our machine and introduce the notion of sequences fuzzing. The proposed approach was successfully approved for the industrial cryptographic protocol TLS.

Message Structure and Mechanism in Hypnotherapy Communication

The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, structure and mechanism of messages as well as models of interpersonal communication carried out in hypnotherapy as a method to overcome the problems felt by clients who experience psychosomatic health disorders including stress, mental disorders, emotions and subconscious mind control so that appropriate treatment is needed. The theory used in this research is Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) to analyze the communication interaction between the hypnotherapist and the client. There are three concepts in CMM, namely management, coordination, and meaning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach and constructivist paradigm. The results showed that the structure and mechanism of messages in hypnotherapy communication were carried out is the messages produced were carried out in an implicit way, making arguments at the beginning of handling cases the hypnotherapist puts himself in a position to accept whatever is conveyed or claimed and the persuasive message conveyed by the therapist is a one-sided message. In the process of compiling and delivering messages: the message is based on Milton Erickson's principles and philosophy, use indirect style and using Metaphors. While the Communication Model used in Ericksonian Hypnotherapy Communication consists of message design models and interpersonal models. Message design is based on three basic logics of communication message design expressive, conventional, and rhetorical. The interpersonal model consists of social exchange, role, and interactional. Model of CMM theory produces the concept of BIER (Believe, Impressif, Entertaint, Repeatation) and sense making

The impact of elements and advertising broadcasting intensity exposure in terrestrial radio

Advertising is appealing to most organisations since it provides information, entertains, and communicates, especially on the radio. Advertising can boost sales, but it must be carefully structured to be effective. Radio advertisers must create engaging messaging to be effective. Selective attention, Selective perception, and Selective retention are the three ways people pick mass media content. Selective attention occurs when people focus on interesting messages. Selective perception means people interpret messages according to their ability. Selective retention is when a person only remembers the message they want. Radio advertising has several qualities and tools, which can be divided into Message Style, Message Structure, and Presenter. Radio advertising messages are readily forgotten since they function on the right side of the brain and excite more impulse nets, so they must be repeated. According to current studies, improving the Radio Advertising Components (Message delivery style, Message Structure, and Message Conveyor) by 0.125 times will enhance audience attention. Under the same conditions, increasing radio ad frequency and duration by 0.0512 times decreases audience interest. Increased radio advertising intensity decreases audience interest. Nonetheless, this may happen because field surveys suggest audiences are happier or more interested in listening to high-quality radio ads by paying special attention to radio ad aspects. Radio advertisement broadcasting is intense and plays low-quality ads, which displeases audiences.