Message Structure Research Articles

Ionospheric delay estimation of Loran skywave using simple cosine model

ABSTRACT Ionospheric delay is the most significant source of error affecting the Loran skywave timing. To improve timing service, we propose a new ionospheric delay estimation method in this paper. It is a cosine model that combines the ionospheric physical characteristics and skywave delay variation law. This semi-empirical and semi-measured model has characteristics of accuracy and simplicity compared with the traditional method. The experimental results show that estimation error of the model is less than 1 µs for a single day and less than 2 µs for 3 days in the stable time. It is sufficient to correct more than 90% of delay when skywave passes through the ionosphere and is less affected by the season. This paper also gives some suggestions on the propagation of ionospheric coefficients required for the model. It allows broadcasting only by modifying the data channel message structure under the normal operation of Loran system.

Learning Joint Detection, Equalization and Decoding for Short-Packet Communications

We propose and practically demonstrate a joint detection and decoding scheme for short-packet wireless communications in scenarios that require to first detect the presence of a message before actually decoding it. For this, we extend the recently proposed serial Turbo-autoencoder neural network (NN) architecture and train it to find short messages that can be, all “at once”, detected, synchronized, equalized and decoded when sent over an unsynchronized channel with memory. The conceptional advantage of the proposed system stems from a holistic message structure with superimposed pilots for joint detection and decoding without the need of relying on a dedicated preamble. This results not only in a higher spectral efficiency, but also translates into the possibility of shorter messages compared to using a dedicated preamble. We compare the detection error rate (DER), bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) performance of the proposed system with a hand-crafted state-of-the-art conventional baseline and our simulations show a significant advantage of the proposed autoencoder-based system over the conventional baseline in every scenario up to messages conveying <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> =96 information bits. Finally, we practically evaluate and confirm the improved performance of the proposed system over-the-air (OTA) using a software-defined radio (SDR)-based measurement testbed.

INCOMPLETE SENTENCES IN THE LANGUAGE OF JAPANESE MASS CULTURE AS A DEVIATION FROM THE LANGUAGE NORMS

Background. The paper draws attention to the deviations from the syntactic norm in the sentences of the language of mass culture, in particular, the frequency of incomplete sentences that are not typical for literary language, on the example of the oral and written genres of modern mass culture of Japan. The main objective was to analyze, using quantitative and qualitative methods, the phenomena of ellipsis and nominative sentences, widely represented in the language of both written (fashion magazines, manga comics) and oral (lyrics of popular songs, the language of entertainment TV shows) genres of Japanese mass culture. Results. A so called “norm” for the language of mass culture is the production of entire texts that fully consist of ellipted and nominative sentences, that is, they do not contain a single complete one (such examples occur, in particular, in the language of magazine articles, song lyrics, or manga chapters). In incomplete sentences, the predicate is partially or completely removed, which sometimes makes it impossible to interpret the grammatical tense of one sentence or entire texts. The omission of the predicate, which is often accompanied by the introduction of an exclamation mark, that is not typical for Japanese text in general, shifts the emphasis from the action to the objects that are presented to the recipient in isolation, sort of careless manner, which, on the one hand, leads to easier perception of information, but, on the other hand, spreads mistaken samples of word usage due to the non-compliance of the structure of such messages with the syntactic norm. In addition to complete or partial removal of the predicate from the sentence, the language of mass culture is also characterized by sentences-words expressed by a single interjection; interjections often replace verbs in the predicate position. Conclusions. This overusing of ellipsis and nominative clauses in the language of mass culture seems to bring it closer to colloquial speech or spontaneous informal speech, which most likely aims to make the language of mass culture more accessible and the meanings it conveys “closer” to the consumer. The reproduction of colloquial speech in the syntactic structure of the language of mass culture seems to have a manipulative potential, as well as a destructive role in blurring literary norms and destructing the language “feeling” among the mass culture audience.

A review of short message service protocol

There are many ways to send and receive an electronic message, but SMS is more popular and nowadays used for one time password (OTP) as a part of authentication in many web applications, internet of things (IoT) access, password reset, mobile banking (M-banking), etc. Therefore, we must know how the protocol works and about its security. This protocol is designed to manage federatively (i.e., the mobile network is managing partially by many independent operators and it doesn’t need to have a central operator for the whole network. Also, many independent centrally managed networks can connect together to make a bigger network). We reviewed SMS protocol and its network structure, message structure, network entities, entities’ connection, and some security-related issues. Finally, this protocol is evaluated if it can provide Identification, Authentication, Integrity, Nonrepudiation, Confidentiality, and Availability.

Marketing technologies in educational management: current problems

The article considers in detail the possibilities and significance of marketing technologies for additional education programs as the most flexible and adaptive component of the educational process. Moreover, additional education programs are the most market-defined. Also at this stage, we have developed the structure of the e-mail message about ongoing additional educational programs in order to promote them, and on its basis, we have prepared an example of a letter for e-mail informational and educational mailing using techniques to attract the attention of the addressee in order to promote additional educational programs. The content of the letter was also formed for students of the electronic course "Education Marketing", sent out in order to monitor the educational process.

Delivery structure of nationalism message on Twitter in the context of Indonesian netizens.

Nationalism has emerged to be discussed in this modern era due to the emergence of a globalized society. Its delivery structure of nationalism message is significant to be investigated due to its impact on the self-determination of a nation so that nationalism spreads among civil society. In the Indonesian context, discussions of Indonesia's Independence Day arise as a response to this self-determination. Its discussion came up in a face-to-face conversation, as well as on Twitter through the #HUTRI76 network. As a microblogging platform, Twitter was able to facilitate discussion of Indonesian in articulating their Independence Day. The concept of nationalism was utilized to sharpen the analysis. Hence, the social network analysis method has been applied to explore various metrics in the #HUTRI76 Twitter network. The results showed some influencers who varied in their profession, emerged and played a role in sparking discourse on Indonesia's Independence Day. The discussion of Indonesian Independence Day on Twitter was a reproduction message of the government. Moreover, users engaged the varied media to cross-posting their messages as regards Indonesia's Independence Day, which means Twitter acts as a hub through hyperlinks embedded in tweets.

Develop a New Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for IoT

Blockchain has gained a lot of attention in non-financial applications like the Internet of Things (IoT). It is characterized by security, decentralization, anonymity, and auditability. Today's technology makes extensive use of the internet of things to gather data from sensors and carry out specific tasks by processing it according to the requirements. To produce secure and impermeable records of transactions, the collected data can be transferred through the blockchain network. The integration of blockchain with IoT has enormous promise due to its ability to offer decentralized computing, storage, and exchange for IoT data. Conventional blockchains generally have low throughput, long transaction delays, and rely on computationally expensive consensus algorithms. However, because of its limitations, IoT applications need a blockchain network that has a lightweight consensus algorithm to integrate with it successfully. In this paper, we implement and design a Lightweight Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (LPBFT) consensus algorithm that improves the conventional (PBFT) algorithm. Through the implementation of the proposed LPBFT, it has shown: a simpler message structure; doesn't need a primary server; low computation time; and consists of just two stages (request and reply). That makes it workable efficiently in IoT networks.

Communication-Focused Top-Down Design of Robotic Systems Based on Binary Decomposition

This article proposes a formal method of designing robotic systems focusing on communication between components, as well as standardization of the messages between those components. The objective is to design a robotic system controller in a systematic way, focusing on communication at an abstract agent level. Communication, thus organized, and its properly defined specification facilitate the system’s further development. The method uses a standard message structure, based on IEEE FIPA standards, for communication within robotic systems composed of agents. Communication-focused top-down design of robotic systems based on binary decomposition is proposed, and used to design a companion robot working in the kitchen environment. The implemented robotic system is verified based on whether or not the specification conforms to the specified requirements. The characteristics of the designed communication are evaluated. The obtained results prove that the proposed method of designing robotic systems is formally correct, it facilitates the implementation of agents, and separates specification of the system from its implementation. The method of designing robotic systems is correct and useful. The proposed formal notation facilitates understanding of how the system operates and organizes the design process. It puts the communication between system components at the forefront. The resulting system specification facilitates the implementation. The tools for experimental evaluation of its characteristics enable the confirmation that it fulfills the requirements, and that the communication between the system components is correct.

Content Analysis of Common Billboard Advertisements in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Gaps, Weaknesses and Strengths of Billboard Advertisements

This study analyzed the contents of some common commercial billboard advertisements in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The contents analyzed include; photographs, messages, color and appeal strategy .As the demand to advertise products and services through billboards tend to grow the question over effective communication becomes a serious issue. This study thus, conducted to answer such questions raised in billboard advertisements. The gaps, weaknesses and strengths of billboard advertisements were deeply examined and findings were presented.Qualitative content analysis and deep interview have been used to analyze the contents .According to the analysis made , billboard ads those planted alongside major roads in Addis Ababa ,mostly used human photographs, particularly women's photograph and this was done without any connection women's had to the product/service being advertised. Apart from this, most billboard ads had been overlooked by the target consumers. This was observed as a key weakness and gap among the businesses those used billboard ads and ad agencies engaged in designing billboard ads. The study showed that, there were billboard ads those achieved best communication through their messages, pictures and designs. Furthermore, the study indicated as there was ad agencies deficiency in designing, writing proper product and service messages. Significant weaknesses and gaps were found from the data collected, this includes, poor message structure, erroneous color choice and stumpy creativity.Concerning the documentary photographs, the findings indicated, there were mismatches found in those billboard ads selected for analysis. Beyond this, appeal strategies used on the billboard ads selected for analysis were weak ,thus , couldn’t able to catch viewer's attention .The messages accompanied with the product /services were also detailed, straightforward and embraced each information about the product. In association to the appeal strategy used most billboards used, an ornate design which means over decoration. This caused inconveniences over the billboards ads those selected for analysis. The result revealed that, Billboards those deployed in the city of Addis Ababa were unable to communicate the right information about the product /service being advertised. Keywords: Billboards, Products, services, Advertisements, Customers, Photographs, Messages, Communication and Commercials. DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/102-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Do All Languages Share the Same Conceptual Structure?

Abstract In this work, we consider the views of three exponents of major areas of linguistics – Levelt (psycholinguistics), Jackendoff (theoretical linguistics), and Gil (field linguistics) – regarding the issue of the universality or not of the conceptual structure of languages. In Levelt’s view, during language production, the conceptual structure of the preverbal message is language-specific. In Jackendoff’s theoretical approach to language – his parallel architecture – there is a universal conceptual structure shared by all languages, in contradiction to Levelt’s view. In Gil’s work on Riau Indonesian, he proposes a conceptual structure that is quite different from that of English, adopted by Jackendoff as universal. We find no reason to disagree with Gil’s view. In this way, we take Gil’s work as vindicating Levelt’s view that during language production preverbal messages are encoded with different conceptual structures for different languages.

The Waste Management and the Environmental Campaign “KangPisMan” to Awareness of the Environmental Sustainability's Importance

KangPisMan, an acronym from Kurangi, Pisahkan, dan Manfaatkan Sampah (reduce, sort, and reutilize waste), is a movement to engage the people of Bandung city to implement the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle on waste management. There are several approaches for the awareness using socialization for the concerns of KangPisMan, including environmental campaigns through social media platforms.&#x0D; This study explores the effect of the KangPisMan social media (i.e., Instagram) environmental campaign on its followers’ waste management attitude used the Ostergaard campaign model and focusing on two main aspects of the campaign message, content and structure. The study used a quantitative approach provided by the survey method of questionnaire. The studied population was Instagram account @kangpisman followers (6,460 accounts). A hundred sample accounts were selected based on the Slovin formula using random sampling with SmartPLS 3.0 application. Results of the questionnaire from 100 selected followers accounts showed that attractive campaign messages with good content and structure delivered by KangPisMan generated positive followers’ responses. The analysis of each factor showed that the message structure significantly affected followers’ attitude on managing their waste. These findings reveal that Instagram account used for the environmental campaign purposes (@kangpisman) need serious management efforts, clear program description, creativity, attractive image visualization, communicative and easy-to-understand messages. Besides that, the applicable waste management messages contents were considered necessary to be accepted, motivate and drive the people to act positively on managing their waste.

Strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through religious approach to generate qualified generation

Stunting threatens qualified generation presence and greatly affects the success of a nation's development. The government has used many approaches to reduce the stunting except religious approach whereas in Indonesia as the majority Muslim country, many Indonesians are prone to follow religious leaders rather than a government official. The study obtained a strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through a religious approach. This analytic research used a qualitative approach with case study design. The participants in this research were 62 people namely advocacy, social support, and empowerment target in stunting prevention. The result showed that community empowerment in accelerating stunting prevention has not been optimally implemented. Even social support is adequate but Islamic religious counselors did not receive adequate information about stunting, so they did not optimally convey it back to the community. The policy for accelerating stunting prevention is adequate at the central, provincial, and district levels, however, the policies on religious approaches were limited. Strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through religious approach by using appropriate communication methods and channels such as pre-wedding counseling, Islamic study assemblies, and Friday sermons. Message structure or communication material on stunting prevention should become national policy.

Augmenting laboratory COVID serology data granularity for SARS-CoV-2 reporting.

ObjectiveThe global COVID pandemic has highlighted the need for the reporting of enhanced serology data from laboratory testing data. Qualitative results alone do not provide detailed data to understand levels of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence within a populace. To enable this, a minimum data set is required to support standardised data reporting.&#x0D; ApproachThe CO-CONNECT project is concerned with the response to COVID within the UK and how datasets can be made Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). One aspect of this is a focus upon improving granular levels of COVID serology testing data being reported by national laboratories to the National Pathology Exchange (NPEx). A study was conducted to ascertain the essential data elements that could formulate a COVID Serology Data Standard (CSDS). Three NHS laboratories acting as pilot studies and NPEx have been actively involved with the development of the CSDS, together with clinicians and academics from the CO-CONNECT project.&#x0D; ResultsFeedback from clinicians, academics and NPEx has been collected, together with NHS laboratory feasibility analysis to derive a minimum set of data elements that form a proposed data standard to standardise the reporting of laboratory COVID serology data for the UK. The proposed CSDS comprises twelve data elements in total, grouped into four main areas, (1) subject identifier and test date and time, (2) analyser types, test kits and samples, (3) qualitative results and (4) quantitative results. To further support the standardisation effort, a proposed Health Level Seven (HL7) message structure has been created to enable the reporting of the CSDS data elements to NPEx.&#x0D; ConclusionThe CSDS has been created to help augment levels of reported granular data for laboratory COVID serology testing. If adopted, this could enable healthcare professionals to better understand the calibration of assays across multiple analyser types and thus antibody response levels.

Pengaruh Kualitas Pesan Kampanye #BerkainGembira terhadap Sikap Generasi Z Pada Penggunaan Kain Tradisional

Traditional cloth is currently in a state of concern due to a lack of buying interest, which impacts many traditional cloth industries going out of business. On the other hand, many young people in Indonesia are not familiar with various types of traditional fabrics typical of the archipelago. This paper discusses the quality of the #BerkainGembira campaign message on the attitude of Generation Z Instagram Followers @swaraharga on the use of traditional cloth. This study uses a survey method with a questionnaire instrument. It uses a non-random sampling technique, namely purposive sampling with the criteria for followers of the Instagram account @swarahasil who belong to Generation Z, namely those born in 1995-2009 or aged 12 to 26 years with a total of 100 samples. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between the quality of the campaign message #BerkainGembira) and the attitude of Generation Z Instagram followers @swaraharga. The quality of the message of the #BerkainGembira Campaign, which includes aspects of message content and message structure, has an influence of 61.2% on Generation Z Instagram Followers @swaraharga, namely on the cognitive, affective, and conative aspects.

The role of the clergy in the formation of ecological consciousness of the population (on the example of the Republic of Buryatia)

The article examines the influence of Buddhist clergy on the solution of environmental problems of the Republic of Buryatia. In particular, we are talking about one of the most famous and authoritative Buddhist priests in Buryatia – the abbot of the Kurumkan datsan Oleg Namzhilov, better known in the region as Yeshi Namzhil Lama. Buryatia is one of the three main Buddhist regions of Russia, therefore, in our opinion, Buddhism with its ecophilic principles can contribute to overcoming the ecological crisis. The clergy can influence the ecological consciousness of the population through the popularization of Buddhist teachings. Publications in the media are of particular interest. The subject of the article was the publications of the regional online publication "Inform Policy online", duplicating the posts of Yeshi Namzhil Lama in social networks. The aim of the work is to identify the role of the lama on the formation of ecological consciousness. The main method of study is the method of content analysis. Two stages can be defined in the study. At the first stage, the results of the content analysis of the online publication Inform Policy online from 2017 to 2022 are presented. At the second stage of the study, the basic principles of environmental ethics of Buddhism presented in publications about the Yeshi Namjil Lama are considered. The features of his ecological rhetoric are identified, which include a three-part structure of messages, arguments based on the Buddhist picture of the world and practical recommendations for solving environmental problems.

Men’s stories: an account of translating vaccine decision narratives from young men in the U.S. into a targeted public health intervention

ABSTRACT Effective interventions to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination are needed for all young adults across the globe. Yet, most public health efforts focus on HPV-related risks for females. Unfortunately, HPV-related cancers in men are also a concern, as is the potential for men to spread HPV to their partners. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in reducing risks related to these cancers. Yet, vaccination rates among young males are low and their vaccination concerns are not well understood. This project conducted 15 in-depth qualitative interviews with U.S. males aged 18–22 to hear their vaccine decision stories. Themes of HPV vaccination uncertainty and vaccination acceptance within these stories were then translated into prevention messages for the U.S.-based ‘Men’s Stories’ (MS) HPV video intervention. This study illustrates the process of translating formative research findings into message content, tone, and structure through this intervention by communicating pro-vaccination messages to young men.

Crisis communication in the #safetravelcampaign in the new normal era

The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the problems that occur in the world of aviation. Because of the situation, the researcher sees another perspective on how the role of product-oriented social media campaigns in the form of services carried out by PT. Angkasa Pura II in changing public trust in the use and service of domestic air transportation. This study aims to determine the effect of the campaign on attitude change. So, there is a gap in the lack of quantitative research that discusses the relationship between product-oriented social media campaigns in changing people’s trust attitudes in the context of crisis and risk communication. The formulation of the problem in this study was to determine the significant relationship between message content and the structure of the #SafeTravelCampaign message on the attitude of trust using domestic air transportation in the new normal era. The approach used in this research is a quantitative descriptive correlation. The results of the study indicate that the campaign content is delivered well in terms of message content and message structure, it will improve the quality of the content which has an impact on changing the attitude of followers. The presence of campaign content have informative, educational, and entertainment value for followers of the @Angkasapura2 Instagram account. Then the presence of a campaign that worked can also be an example for other organizations or companies to increasing public trust in the use and service of services during the midst of the ongoing pandemic crisis.

Anthropology of "Philosophy of Translation": Contemporary Ukrainian Philosophical Dimension

Purpose. The study is aimed at the "philosophy of translation" methodology outlining as an original philosophical texts translation tool from the point of view of culture as anthropological phenomena, namely, individuals’ participating in the text creation process providing the consistent following tasks solution: a) clarifying the text author’s role, which is the object of recipients’ perception; b) the human psyche inexhaustible potential realization for the primary text semantic content understanding by the translator to prevent its distortion; c) defining the requirements for the translation process as a mean of bringing the reader closer to author’s understanding by language barrier elimination as an intuitive "obstacle" on its way. Theoretical basis. The author proceeds from the factual absence of the "philosophy of translation" concept unambiguous definition in the modern anthropological and philosophical space and seeks to take into account all the factors affecting the newly created text quality due to the all participants’ features reviled on every stage of the text translation process. Today, the "philosophy of translation" is a widely used phrase, though ignoring the characteristics of man as a single meaning creator of the concept under study. The article provisions are based on philosophical, translation, and psychological studies with an emphasis on classical and non-classical anthropology research (Gadamer, Khoma, Holovach, Chepeleva, Dizdar, Leonov, Lotman, Bakhtin, etc.). Originality. The author proposes a methodology for the original philosophical text adaptation and presents a generalized step-by-step scheme for its translation, which helps to solve the personality of the researcher and/or translator’s influence problem on the individual author’s meaning preservation during its reproduction in a reader’s convenient language. Conclusions. A look at the "philosophy of translation" from the philosophical anthropology point of view allows us not only to consider the process of translation from the individual characteristics of all the participants (author/philosopher-reader-researcher/translator-reader-philosopher/reader) but also to describe such translation methodology by concentrating on highlighting the author’s reasoning course, which rises new knowledge and encourages further philosophical reflection within the human nature instability problem. The translation of a philosophical text not only reproduces the semantic structure of the original message but also provides a number of possible dialogical reactions to it as an object of human phenomenology. The proposed concept takes into account any reader’s needs, fully preserving the author’s position.

Implementierung einer Secure Instant Messaging-App in der COVID-19 Pandemie: Nutzungserfahrungen von Hausärzt*innen und Mitarbeiter*innen von Gesundheitsämtern

BackgroundAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic general practitioners complained about feeling uninformed and lacking a sufficient flow of information from the local health authorities. Secure instant messaging describes a digital, chat-based form of communication enabling ambulatory care providers to connect in real-time and share information across medial sectors. KomPan, a proof-of-concept study, established a secure instant messaging structure in two model regions in Germany to improve communication between general practitioners and local health authorities via an additional communication pathway. This paper presents results of a qualitative user survey. MethodsWe recruited general practitioners (n = 43) and staff of local health authorities (n=10) in two Hessian model regions for using the secure instant messaging (SIM) app of the Famedly GmbH, starting in December 2020 (2nd COVID-19 wave). We asked participants to share their usage experiences after a usage time of multiple months. In guided telephone interviews, we primarily asked how communication between the two user groups had changed while using secure instant messaging. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsWe conducted ten interviews with general practitioners and two with staff of the participating local health authorities. Using our SIM-based platform promoted professional exchange between general practitioners. In contrast, the app had little impact on communication between local health authorities and general practitioners. Opposing expectations and usage patterns of the two user groups, among other reasons, probably led to a reduced direct trans-sectoral communication via secure instant messaging. ConclusionEstablishing local chat groups for general practitioners was welcomed, especially during the pandemic situation, to improve professional exchange while experiencing challenging working conditions. To use secure instant messaging effectively for trans-sectoral communication a more comprehensive approach seems to be needed, such as digitalisation of institutional communication structures and improved networks of local healthcare providers.

The Half-Truth Effect and Its Implications for Sustainability

Misinformation on sustainability has become a widespread phenomenon in many different contexts. However, relatively little is known about several important determinants of belief in misinformation, and even less is known about how to debias that belief. The present research proposes and investigates a new effect, the half-truth effect, to explain how message structure can influence belief in misinformation. Two survey-based experiments were conducted to show that people exhibit greater belief in a false claim when it is preceded by a true claim, even if the two claims are logically unrelated. Conversely, when a false claim is presented before the true claim, it reduces the belief in the entire statement. Experiment 1 shows the basic half-truth effect. Experiment 2 investigates an individual difference, propensity to believe meaningless statements are profound, which impacts the half-truth effect. Both experiments also investigate debiasing of the false information. The results of the experiments were analyzed using analysis of variance and regression-based mediation analysis. Results show that belief in misinformation is dependent on message structure, and show that the order in which true and false elements are presented has a strong influence on belief in sustainability misinformation. Finally, we present a discussion of how policy makers can use these findings to identify those people who are most likely to be swayed by the misinformation, and then design responses to debias sustainability misinformation.