Melaleuca Cajuputi Research Articles

Toxicity study and inhibitory properties of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract against Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei

Toxicity study and inhibitory properties of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract against Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei

EFFECT OF GALAM LEAF EXTRACT AND TRI-CALCIUM SILICATE CEMENT ON NEUTROPHIL CELLS IN WISTAR RAT PULP

Background: Pulp capping is a method of sealing the pulp chamber in teeth with cavities that extend to the pulp. Direct pulp capping involves applying a material directly onto the exposed pulp tissue. Tri-calcium silicate cement (Ca3SiO5) is commonly used due to its nanoparticle mineral composition, but it can cause continued inflammation. Galam leaf (Melaleuca cajuputi) is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, owing to secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins, potentially compensating for the drawbacks of tri-calcium silicate cement. Purpose: To determine the effect of combining Galam leaf extract (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. Cumingiana (Turz) Barlow) with tri-calcium silicate cement as a direct pulp capping material on neutrophil cell count in the pulp of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This pure experimental study used a posttest-only control design. Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into nine groups: one received a combination of 100% Galam leaf extract and tri-calcium silicate cement; one positive control group received tri-calcium silicate cement alone; and one negative control group received direct placement with glass ionomer cement (GIC). The neutrophil cell count was assessed on days 1, 2, and 3. Results: Two-way ANOVA results indicated a significant effect based on treatment and time (p < 0.05). Further analysis with the Post Hoc Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) revealed differences in neutrophil cell counts across nearly all groups on days 1, 2, and 3. Conclusion: The combination of 100% Galam leaf extract and tri-calcium silicate cement significantly reduced neutrophil cell counts compared to both positive and negative control groups on days 1, 2, and 3, indicating anti-inflammatory effect.

EFFECT OF GELAM LEAF EXTRACT (Melaleuca cajuputi) AND TRICALCIUM SILICATE CEMENT AS DIRECT PULP CAPPING

Background: Reversible pulpitis is mild pulp inflammation. The treatment is direct pulpcapping. Tricalcium silicate cement has been better at inducing reparative dentin than other materials. Tricalcium silicate cement can cause inflammation 1-2 weeks after application, that natural ingredients need to improve the quality. Tricalcium silicate cement can be combined with galam leaf extract which contains anti-inflammatory properties by accelerating lymphocyte cells. Purpose: To analyzed the effect of gelam leaf extract (Melaleuca cajuputi) concentration of 100% and Tricalcium Silicate Cement on the number of lymphocyte cells on day 3 and 5 in direct pulp capping treatment. Methods: This research is a true experimental study with a post test-only with control design. This study used 24 Wistar rats, divided into 3 treatment groups with 2 different days, namely the group given a combination of Gelam leaf 100% + tricalcium silicate cement, tricalcium silicate cement as positive control, and without treatment as negative control. Results: One-way ANOVA test obtained p value=0.00<0.05, which indicates there is a significant difference between each group. Post Hoc Bonferroni test showed significant difference between galam leaf extract and tricalcium silicate cement, tricalcium silicate cement, and no treatment on days 3 and 5. Conclusion: The combination of galam leaf extract and tricalcium silicate cement can increase the number of lymphocyte cells on day 3 of pulp inflammation and reduce the number of lymphocyte cells on day 5 more effectively than tricalcium silicate cement and without treatment on days 3 and 5 so that the healing process is faster.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of facial serum formulation containing Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities of facial serum formulation containing Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil

Correction to: Unveiling the potential antibacterial mechanism of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract by cell morphology studies and molecular docking analysis

Correction to: Unveiling the potential antibacterial mechanism of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract by cell morphology studies and molecular docking analysis

Optimizing Application of Melaleuca Cajuputi Biochar on Removing H2S Odour from Poultry Manure

The chicken sector has grown quickly, which has resulted in the creation of a lot of manure, which produces gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and contribute to odour pollution. H2S is a very unwanted gas component and must be removed from the environment. First, the current study focused on preparing the Melaleuca Cajuputi biochar at three temperatures: 300 oC, 400 oC, and 500 oC. The synthesized biochars were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The effect of the biochar on H2S absorption were studied. The biochar that was prepared at 500 oC showed the most effective material in absorbing the odour gas after two days.

Erratum to " Antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, toxicity, and molecular docking analysis of <i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i> leaf extract and fractions" [Natural Resources for Human Health, 2024, 4(1): 89-97

Erratum to " Antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, toxicity, and molecular docking analysis of <i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i> leaf extract and fractions" [Natural Resources for Human Health, 2024, 4(1): 89-97

Unveiling the potential antibacterial mechanism of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract by cell morphology studies and molecular docking analysis

Unveiling the potential antibacterial mechanism of Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract by cell morphology studies and molecular docking analysis

Outcomes, impacts, and values of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) oil business model in Perum Perhutani

Outcomes, impacts, and values of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) oil business model in Perum Perhutani

Storage effectiveness of cajuput seedcake (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) to increase the success of post-mining land reclamation

Storage effectiveness of cajuput seedcake (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) to increase the success of post-mining land reclamation

THE INTERACTION BETWEEN WEED AND ARTHROPODS OF AGROFORESTRY ECOSYSTEMS IN CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The province of Central Java, Indonesia, hosts various well-developed agroforestry systems. <strong>Objective. </strong>To explore the interaction of weed diversity on the diversity of soil arthropods, specifically in four stations based on distinct ecosystems, namely teak (<em>Tectona grandis</em> L.f.) based agroforestry, complex agroforestry, cajeput (<em>Melaleuca cajuputi</em> (L.) Powell.) based agroforestry, and teak monoculture. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Data was collected from February to June 2022 in Geyer District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, using the point interception method for weed vegetation and the pitfall trap method for soil arthropods. <strong>Results.</strong> The results showed that the dominant species observed in the agroforestry and monoculture ecosystems differ. <em>Cynodon dactylon</em> L.Pers. is the most dominant weed in all three agroforestry ecosystems, while <em>Imperata cylindrica</em> Beauv is the most dominant in teak monoculture. <em>Oecophylla smaragdina </em>F., an ant species locally known as <em>rangrang</em>, was the most dominant insect at all four stations. The Poaceae family was shown to be the most prevalent weed species on all stations. However, the agroforestry system displayed a greater variety of arthropods. <strong>Implications.</strong> The results of this study indicate that in agroforestry systems, the diversity, distribution, and density of soil-based arthropods are intimately related to the specific weed species that have evolved mutually beneficial interactions. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> This phenomenon demonstrates the intricate interplay between different species and the interspecies affinity within the community.</p>

Optimizing Aluminum Melting with Sustainable Biomass Fuels: A Case Study of Ulin (<i>Eusideroxylon zwageri</i>) Wood and Galam (<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i>) Wood

Wood waste biomass has emerged as an abundant source of alternative energy. This alternative energy source holds significant potential in the industrial sector, particularly in the field of metal casting. The development of aluminum melting equipment aims to provide invaluable support to aluminum craftsmen by harnessing wood waste as an easily accessible fuel source. The approach employed in this research involves the design of a wood waste combustion chamber capable of reaching the aluminum melting point. Two types of wood, Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi), were utilized in the study. The research achieved a temperature of 863°C in 28 minutes with Ulin wood, whereas with Gelam, a temperature of 821°C was reached in 29 minutes. This study makes a significant contribution to the efficient utilization of wood waste biomass in the aluminum casting industry, offering remarkable environmental and economic benefits.

BTEX adsorption from aqueous solutions using activated carbon from Melaleuca cajuputi leaves

This study put forward Melaleuca cajuputi leaves to prepare activated carbon using H3PO4 as an activating agent and examined the aqueous solution of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). The surface functional group, surface morphology, and surface area were identified by employing Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission scanning microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller to characterize the properties of the produced activated carbon; others include pH, moisture content, and yield percentage. The activated carbon's performance was assessed using batch adsorption experiment. 50 mg/L of BTEX disintegrates in purified water to form the standard solution and is stored at 4 °C. The study examined the effects of time spent in contact, dosage of the adsorbent and initial concentration. The results show that Melaleuca cajuputi activated carbon (MCAC2) has the optimum surface area 128 m2/g and performs very effectively as a BTEX adsorbent. According to the BTEX adsorption data, MCAC2 has 94% elimination effectiveness at 50 mg/L after 30 min of contact. To further adapt the experimental information for BTEX adsorption onto the MCAC2, Freundlich, Langmuir, and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used. The findings fitted pseudo-second-order with optimal values of R2 = 0.979, and the isotherm model adsorption fitted Langmuir model with values of R2 = 0.992 The finding reveals that Melaleuca cajuputi leaves are useful material for producing adsorbents, and successful testing outcomes demonstrate that M. cajuputi leaves products serves as a vital organic absorbent in the decomposition of BTEX.

Antibacterial properties of synthesized Melaleuca cajuputi-leaf gold nanoparticles

Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized by using Melaleuca cajuputi leaf extract, and their prospective antibacterial efficacy was assessed against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. TEM analysis revealed biosynthesized M. cajuputi gold nanoparticles (MC-AuNPs) were spherical in shape with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band observed at 535 nm and particle sizes ranging from 10–50 nm. The MC-AuNPs showed good antibacterial properties against V. parahaemolyticus with MIC and MBC values of 0.0075 g/mL.

Traditional Knowledge of Plants for Sunggau Rafters on Three Forest Types for Conservation of Apis dorsata in Indonesia

The traditional knowledge of sunggau rafters for Apis dorsata nesting is essential for livelihood and forest conservation. We determine the plant species needed to support the conservation of A. dorsata in Belitung Islands, Indonesia, by investigating the distribution of the sunggau in the three types of forests, the traditional knowledge regarding the plant species used for sunggau, and the vegetation structure of forests in which the sunggau is installed. Distribution of sunggau were explored on heath, swamp heath, and mangrove forests. We conducted a vegetation survey in those forests and an ethnobotanical survey by interviewing bee farmers regarding the plants used for sunggau and other uses. We found 95 sunggau distributed in the heath, swamp heath, and mangrove forest. Based on interviews, we recorded 65 plant species for sunggau and six other uses, including bee forages. Calophyllum sp., Cryptocarya sp., Melaleuca cajuputi, and Syzygium urceolatum are the most important plants according to bee farmers. The last two species dominate all forests, except mangroves, which are dominated by Lumnitzera littorea, according to vegetation surveys. However, the availability of several plants for sunggau is declining. Therefore, the conservation of A. dorsata needs the sustainability of sunggau and bee forage plants.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from fresh leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi Maton & Sm. ex R. Powell and Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. (cajuput oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of cajuput oil obtained from fresh leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi Maton & Sm. ex R. Powell and Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L., when used as a sensory additive for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that cajuput oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 30 mg/kg for sows and dogs, 50 mg/kg for horses and ornamental fish, 40 mg/kg for salmon and 5 mg/kg for cats. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations were 18 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 26 mg/kg for laying hens, 23 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 37 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 31 mg/kg for piglets, 78 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), 69 mg/kg for cattle for fattening and sheep/goats, 45 mg/kg for dairy cows and 28 mg/kg for rabbits. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive is safe at 5 mg/kg complete feed. The use of cajuput oil in water for drinking was considered safe provided that the total daily intake does not exceed the daily amount considered safe when consumed via feed. No concerns for consumers and the environment were identified following the use of the additive up to the highest safe use level in feed. The essential oil under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Since cajuput oil was recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Community Involvement and the Use of Coffee Exocarp as a Growth Medium for Cajuput Plantation in Post-Mining Land Reclamation in PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA)

The cajuput plant (Melaleuca cajuputi) is valued for its essential oil production and its ability to thrive in challenging environments, including post-mining lands. PT Bukit Asam Tbk (PTBA) has cultivated this plant extensively to supply seeds for reclamation projects on former mine sites, along with the provision of location-specific fertilizers. This study aims to identify the new alternative organic materials, determining the optimal formula for plant growth media and also to measure the tangible and intangible impacts of the community involvement. Following the implementation of statistical testing involving the analysis of variance model (ANOVA) and subsequent test, which is the least significant difference (LSD) test, definitive findings reveal that incorporating coffee exocarp as a growth medium significantly impacts the elevation of plant height and the augmentation of Cajuput leaf count. The most efficacious treatment is delineated as P2, characterized by a 1:1 composition of coffee exocarp and soil. The involvement of the local community has precipitated several advantageous outcomes, encompassing the creation of employment opportunities, the facilitation of economic equilibrium, and the development of smallholder forestry enterprises within the local community.

Chemical profiles of essential oils of two cultivars of Melaleuca cajuputi leaves and flowers

In the present study, the differences between the chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and flowers of two cultivars of M. cajuputi collected from Moc Hoa district, Long An province. By using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, a total of 105 components have been identified in the essential oils of four samples of two M. cajuputi cultivars such as “Tràm gió” leaves, “Tràm gió” flowers, “Tràm cừ” leaves and “Tràm cừ” flowers. The Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to show the similarities/dissimilarities in chemical compositions among the four studied samples. As a result, the components of the essential oils of four studied samples were divided into two clusters. Cluster I included two samples such as “Tràm gió” leaf and “Tràm gió” flower with high presence of 1,8-cineole (35.12 and 17.69%), linalool (3.31 and 5.03%), (R)-α-terpinyl acetate (9.17 and 8.1%). Cluster II comprised “Tràm cừ” leaf and “Tràm cừ” flower with the high concentration of α-pinene (9.87 and 12.19%), γ-terpinene (10.48 and 11.3%), p-mentha-2,4(8)-diene (8.8 and 12.7%).

Formulation and Evaluation of Physical Quality of Peel-Oof Masks of Essential Oils of Galam Kalimantan Plants

The Kalimantan galam plant (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp cajuputi) has been used for generations but its use is very limited, only as wooden piles which form the basis of buildings in swamps (cerucuk), pillars for building construction, stakes (supports for newly planted seedlings) and siring. Street. The use of galam essential oil as an active ingredient in peel-off mask preparations can be efficacious in reducing inflammation and infection of acne or other skin problems. Facial masks in the form of peel-off itself have many advantages, namely their practical use and are easy to remove or lift like elastic membranes compared to conventional masks which leave residue. This study aims to design a peel-off mask formulation by utilizing the active ingredient in the essential oil of the galam plant. The preparations were then tested for physical quality requirements including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, drying time tests, spreadability and adhesion tests. The results of the tests that have been carried out include the extraction of essential oils as the active substance. The yield of essential oil obtained was 0.12%. Organoleptic quality tests showed changes in color, smell and shape in the three formulations. The homogeneity test for formulas I and II remained homogeneous, while for formula III the consistency changed to 2 layers. The pH test showed that all formulations met the pH requirements for topical preparations, namely 4-8. The drying time test for formula I was more difficult to remove, formula II was not too stiff while formula III was stiffer. Spreadability test on formulas I, II and III 5-7 cm. The gel viscosity test decreased and the adhesion test on formulation I was easily released, formulas II and III were not easily released while the irritation test of 30 people did not experience redness in 3 formulas.

Biocontrol efficacy of cajeput oil against Anopheles stephensi L. mosquito and its effect on non-target species.

Chemical insecticides are effective at controlling mosquito populations, but their excessive use can pollute the environment and harm non-target organisms. Mosquitoes can also develop resistance to these chemicals over time, which makes long-term mosquito control efforts challenging. In this study, we assessed the phytochemical, biochemical, and insecticidal properties of the chemical constituents of cajeput oil. Results show that Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil may exhibit mosquito larvicidal properties against Anopheles stephensi larvae (second-fourth instar) at 24h post-treatment. At 24h post-exposure, the essential oil resulted in a significant decrease in detoxifying enzymes. All of these findings indicate that cajeput oil infects An. stephensi larvae directly affect the immune system, leading to decreased immune function. Cajeput oil significantly affects the second, third, and fourth instar larvae of An. stephensi, according to the bioassay results. Cajeput oil does not induce toxicity in non-target Eudrilus eugeniae earthworm species, as indicated by a histological study of earthworms. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of several major phytochemicals that contribute to mosquito larvicidal activity. The importance of cajeput oil as an effective candidate for biological control of the malarial vector An. stephensi is supported by this study.