Mechanical Properties Of Woven Fabrics Research Articles

Physics-Constrained Neural Network for design and feature-based optimization of weave architectures

Woven fabrics play an essential role in everyday textiles for clothing/sportswear, water filtration, retaining walls, and reinforcements in stiff composites for lightweight structures in aerospace, sporting, automotive, and marine industries. Several possible weave architectures (combinations of weave patterns and material choices) present a challenging question about how they could influence the physical and mechanical properties of woven fabrics and reinforced structures. This paper presents a novel Physics-Constrained Neural Network (PCNN) to predict the mechanical properties (like modulus) of weave architectures and the inverse problem of predicting pattern/material sequence for a design/target modulus value. The inverse problem is particularly challenging as it usually requires many iterations to find the appropriate architecture using traditional optimization approaches. We show that the proposed PCNN can more accurately predict weave architecture for the desired modulus than several baseline models considered. We present a feature-based optimization strategy to improve predictions using features in the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix space. We combine PCNN with feature-based optimization to discover near-optimal weave architectures and facilitate the initial design of weave architecture. The proposed frameworks will primarily enable the woven composite analysis and optimization process and be a starting point to introduce knowledge-guided neural networks into the complex structural analysis.

Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics by ANN

Abstract This study aims to obtain an accurate prediction model of mechanical properties of woven fabric to achieve customer satisfaction. Samples of plain woven fabric were produced from different yarn counts and blend ratios of cotton and polyester of weft yarn at different weft densities. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, bending stiffness and elongation% in both the warp and weft directions were tested. The prediction model was based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). For each model, thirty-nine samples were used for training and fifteen for testing prediction performance. Findings indicated that the ANN achieved a perfect performance in predicting all properties.

Influence of Process Parameters on Properties of Hemp Woven Reinforcements for Composite Applications: Mechanical Properties, Bias-extension Tests and Fabric Forming

ABSTRACT Natural fibers are used to produce environmental-friendly composites with good specific mechanical and acoustical properties. Production of woven reinforcement from natural fibers is challenging because of the distinct length of the fibers. A lot of parameters at fiber extraction, spinning and weaving stages have an impact on the composite produced. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of yarn type and weave diagram on the mechanical properties of woven fabrics, in terms of tensile and shear behavior and deformability at forming. It was observed that weft density is one of the most impacting parameters during forming.

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICS WOVEN WITH TENCEL/ COTTON BLEND YARNS

This study aims to investigate mechanical properties of woven fabrics made from 100 % Tencel, combed cotton yarns and Tencel-cotton blended yarns with different blend ratios. For this purpose, the tensile properties, tearing strength, abrasion resistance, bending rigidity, drapability and wrinkle resistant properties of woven fabrics made from different ratios of Tencel and cotton yarns were tested. All the tests were carried out according to the standards, and the results obtained were assessed by means of SPSS statistical analysis program. The analyses of variance were carried out at 5% (0.05) level of significance. The results of the study show that the effects of the proportion of the Tencel fibres in the Tencel/cotton blended yarns on the tensile properties, tearing strength, abrasion resistance, bending rigidity and drape coefficient of woven fabrics are of statistical significance, and it was found that the tensile properties, tearing strength and drapability properties were observed to be improve with the increase of Tencel fibre proportion in the blend.

Investigation on bending and shear rigidities of plain woven fabrics having similar areal density

Purpose Bending and shear rigidities of woven fabrics depend on fibre, yarn and fabric-related parameters. However, there is lack of research efforts to understand how bending and shear rigidities change in woven fabrics having similar areal density. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the change in bending and shear rigidities in plain woven fabrics having similar areal density. Design/methodology/approach A total of 18 fabrics were woven (9 each for 100 per cent cotton and 100 per cent polyester) keeping the areal density same. Yarns of 20, 30 and 40 Ne were used in warp and weft wise directions and fabric sett was adjusted to attain the desired areal density. Findings When warp yarns become finer, keeping weft yarns same, bending rigidity remains unchanged but shear rigidity increases in warp wise direction. When weft yarns are made finer, keeping the warp yarns same, both the bending and shear rigidities of fabric increase in warp wise direction. Similar results for fabric bending and shear rigidities were obtained in transpose direction. There is a strong association between fabric shear rigidity and number of interlacement points per unit area of fabric even when fabric areal density is same. Originality/value Very limited research has been reported on the low-stress mechanical properties of woven fabrics having similar areal density. A novel attempt has been made in this research work to investigate the bending and shear rigidities of woven fabrics having similar areal density. Besides, it has been shown that it is possible to design a set of woven fabrics having similar bending rigidity but different shear rigidity.

Effect of Fabric Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

Effect of Fabric Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

On the Sensitivity of Mechanical Properties of Woven-Fabrics to the Draping Process: Static and Dynamic Assessment Through a CAE-Based Approach

Manufacturing processes are often considered the final stage of the design. As a matter of fact, it is during the manufacturing that material properties are ultimately determined. This is especially true for composite materials, whose manufacturing processes are often lowly automated and thus subject to the low repeatability of manual operations. Manufacturing simulations tools are becoming available to support the definition of the manufacturing process and assess the manufacturability of composite parts. The present paper proposes a reversed approach to the laminate design process which starts from the manufacturing simulation in order to quantify the impact of the process on the mechanical properties of the as-produced part. An automotive component is chosen and different woven-fabrics structures are considered to determine their sensitivity to the shearing phenomenon. Homogenization of material properties is performed on a local basis, depending on the local geometry modifications undergone by the reinforcement. Stiffness is then predicted through both static and dynamic analysis. In order to prove the effectiveness of the approach, the obtained results are compared to classic laminate modelling.

Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics from Glass and Basalt Yarns

Among many other materials for the reinforcement of composites, technical fabrics are increasingly being used for the same purpose, especially from glass and basalt tows, which have good mechanical properties.. During tensile stress these fabrics are elongated in the direction of tensile force, and at the same time they contract crosswise in relation to the action of the tensile force. In this paper the tensile properties of woven fabrics made from glass and basalt yarns were investigated. Measurements were focused on the lateral contraction, according to which Poisson’s ratio can be calculated. For these purposes, an innovative device as an upgrade of the strength tester and samples of fabrics of non-standard shapes (cross and square) were used. Mechanical properties of the yarns from which the fabrics were made were analysed before and after weaving in order to define the impact of weaving on them.

Property Changes of Woven Blouse Fabrics by bonding fusible interlinings for a 3D Virtual Try-on System

This study aims to analyze the changes in the mechanical properties of woven fabrics(cotton, linen, wool, silk, and polyester) by bonding fusible interlinings with varying deniers(10D, 20D, and 30D) for a 3D virtual try-on system(one that a user to try garments through screens using Avatar) developed over the last decade. We experimented with four mechanical properties and thicknesses of twenty-three specimens of interlining bonded fabrics including face fabrics and interlinings by using the KES-FB-AUTO system. The results showed that the tensile property increased(LT and RT increased and WT decreased) as the denier of the interlining increased; however, the change was slight. In contrast, the bending and shear properties increased significantly as the denier of the interlining increased on both the warp and the weft. This showed evidence that the interlining gives the fabrics size stability. The compression property was slight changed as the tensile property varies depending on the fibers and the denier of interlining. As expected, the thickness increased by bonding the interlining as the denier of interlining increased. From these results, we conclude that 3D users need to reflect these changes of woven fabrics by bonding interlinings when they try screen fittings to accurately express the fabric reality of manufactured garment.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties for 2D Woven Kenaf Composite

Woven composite based on natural fiber increasingly used for many applications in industries because of their advantages such as good relative mechanical properties and renewable resources, but there are some issues as cost and protracted development period to perform reliability evaluation by experimental with real scale. Predictive modeling technique is use to minimize the need for physical testing, shorten design timescales and provide optimized designs. Mechanical properties of woven fabrics for technical textile depend on a) type of raw materials b) type and count of warp and weft yarns c) yarn density and d) the type of weave structure. The effect of fabric architecture to the mechanical properties is investigated. Woven kenaf composite is modeled using the modeling software to get the properties of the model. Further, the model is analyzed using finite element analysis to predict the mechanical properties of the woven kenaf composite. In addition, the effect of the combination of yarn size and weave pattern to the woven kenaf composite is stated base on the mechanical properties to predict the optimum structure of woven kenaf composite.

Experimental Studies Regarding the Mechanical Behaviour of Silicon-Coated and Uncoated P.A. 6.6 Fabrics

These paper aims to present an experimental study for determining the mechanical properties of woven fabrics used for airbags manufacturing. In order to realise the study, there were chosen two types of fabric, one that is coated with silicon and one that is uncoated. The experimental tests that were carried out were uniaxial tension tests for samples extracted on the warp and on the weft direction, the Bias test, a test specific for shear loads and the dome test, a test specific for biaxial loads. For the uniaxial tension test the force-displacement curve was obtained and the maximum values of the loads and the displacement. For the last two tests (bias test and dome test) there have been determined the maximum load, the displacement at maximum load, but also the local major strains obtained. All tests were carried out on a tensile and compression testing machine Instron 5587, while for measuring the main strains there has been used also the optical measuring system Aramis.

Effect of Elastane Denier and Draft Ratio of Core-Spun Cotton Weft Yarns on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

Elastane percentage in the core-spun cotton yarn of a specific linear density can be affected in two ways: either by changing the elastane denier or the draft ratio. The purpose of this study was to find out whether different mechanical properties of fabrics woven from such yarns simply depend upon the elastane percentage or whether the method of achieving a desired elastane percentage has specific effects. It was found through regression analyses that both the elastane denier and the draft ratio are almost equally important for fabric tear strength and stretchability, whereas the fabric tensile strength is predominantly influenced by the elastane denier while the fabric recovery after stretch is mainly influenced by the elastane draft ratio.

Finite-element Simulation of Kevlar Yarns and Fabrics in Assessing its Mechanical Protective Performance under Projectile Impact Loading

With the increasing concern on occupational safety, people pay more and more attention to mechanical protection. At present, the focus of relevant researches is on the mechanical protection performance of high-performance fibres and high-strength fabrics. The influences that mechanical properties of fabrics have on the mechanical protective performance of clothing are discussed in this paper. Woven fabrics made of high-performance fibres have been widely used as mechanical protective clothing in the form of flexible armour such as bullet-proof vests, stab-resistant garments and so on. The mechanical response and energy absorption characteristics of fabrics under high-speed projectile impact are dependent upon intrinsic constitutive relations, construction parameters such as fabric type, fabric construction, areal density, projectile shape, and impact conditions such as impact velocity and boundary conditions.This project involves the study of Kevlar fibre which is a poly-p-phenylene terephthamide (PPTA) fibre. The Kevlar fabric studied in this paper is plain woven. Experiments about construction parameters of Kevlar yarns are proposed to obtain the mechanical properties of woven fabrics. This paper also investigates the finite-element simulation of huge impact on Kevlar fabric by proposing a material model, which incorporates stretch and elasticity restoring property and failure criteria. A non-linear, explicit, three- dimensional finite-element program ANSYS is used to simulate the response of fabric to high-speed projectile impact with two Hookean springs and a Newtonian dashpot.

Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics Contributing to Tailoring

Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics Contributing to Tailoring

The Influence of Thread's Interlacing as well as Yarn's Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

The Influence of Thread's Interlacing as well as Yarn's Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

Structural and Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics Employing Peirce's Model

Peirce's model is newly studied to predict the structural and mechanical properties of woven fabrics. The study concerns various fabric structures made from different yarns of cotton, wool, and polyester, and weave structures of plain, twill, satin, and mat. Weave structures and fabric relaxation cause changes in the yam diameter and fabric crimp. Therefore, the diameters of warp and weft yams in Peirce's model are newly defined to determine effective yarn diameters. When the modified diameters are used to predict the structural and mechanical properties of the fabric, the predicted values show excellent agreement with the measured ones. The more relaxed the fabrics are, the more applicable is Peirce's model to predicting fabric thickness and tensile behavior.

Drape Simulation of Woven Fabric by Using the Finite-element Method

In order to understand better the drape phenomenon of fabrics, a non-linear finite-element code was developed and the three-dimensional drape shapes of a woven fabric were simulated by using the code. The woven fabric was assumed to be an elastic material with orthotropic anisotropy. The fabric was considered as a thin flexible plate under the plane stress condition, and the transverse shear strain was included in the formulation. Since a fabric goes through a large displacement and a large rotation during draping, the drape phenomenon of a fabric is considered as a geometric non-linear phenomenon. The finite-element method was thus formulated based on a total Lagrangian approach. Quadrilateral elements with four nodes were used. In order to avoid the shear-locking phenomenon which is commonly observed in thin-plate analysis, a transverse-shear-strain interpolation method was adopted. The mechanical properties of woven fabrics for drape simulations were measured by using the Kawabata instruments. The drape shapes of a woven wool fabric showed reasonably good agreement with experimental results.

The Assessment of Fabric Wear and Handle Caused by Increments of Accelerator Abrasion in Dry Conditions Part I: Changes in Some Fabric Mechanical Properties as a Result of Abrasion

In this paper, sane aspects of the physical and mechanical properties of woven fabrics, such as mass, thickness, stiffness, air-permeability, and compression, are considered as criteria for assessing the effects of damage caused by changes in frictional abrasion when the Accelerator Tester is used. Two 100% cotton woven fabrics were used in the experiment. Results show that changes occurred in fabric properties as a result of incremental wear. The mass per square metre, coercive couple, and flexural rigidity show a consistent decrease, while thickness, air–permeability, and compression show inconsistent increases with increasing time of abrasion.

Appraisal of Woven Fabric Performance

This work evaluates the performance of 100% cotton woven fabrics. We have ex amined abrasion resistance, diverse mechanical properties (compression and flexion), and certain aesthetic properties (handle, i.e., stiffness, smoothness, and softness). Changes in the properties of a fabric as a consequence of wear are illustrated; wear is a laboratory action involving some method of abrasion such as an Accelerotor on either dry or damp fabrics. In addition, we consider some aspects of the physical and mechanical properties of woven fabrics in which changes in weight, thickness, stiffness, air permeability, and compression are used as criteria to assess damage caused by frictional abrasion. The results show that weight loss may be small as a result of short periods of accelerated wear, and changes in other physical properties may be large, particularly compression, flexion, and air permeability. The differences between worn and unworn fabrics can be detected subjectively by touch. Changes occur in fabric properties as a result of incremental wear. Weight per square meter, coercive couple, and flexural rigidity show consistent decreases with increasing abrasion time at a fairly uniform rate. Thickness, air permeability, lateral air permeability, and compression show inconsistent increases with increasing abrasion time at non-uniform rates.

Prediction of Fabric Hand from Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabrics

A physical method to predict the hand of woven fabrics is introduced. Fourteen physical parameters which can be objectively measured were combined to calculate a hand value for a fabric in conjunction with a graph of logarithmic values of the 14 hand parameters. A practical mill application of this method is suggested as a regular quality control process.