Measuring Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Inhibition of dynamin-related protein 1-filamin interaction improves systemic glucose metabolism.

Maintaining mitochondrial quality is attracting attention as a new strategy to treat diabetes and diabetic complications. We previously reported that mitochondrial hyperfission by forming a protein complex between dynamin-related protein (Drp) 1 and filamin, mediates chronic heart failure and cilnidipine, initially developed as an L/N-type Ca2+ channel blocker, improves heart failure by inhibiting Drp1-filamin protein complex. We investigated whether cilnidipine improves hyperglycaemia of various diabetic mice models. Retrospective analysis focusing on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was performed in hypertensive and hyperglycaemic patients taking cilnidipine and amlodipine. After developing diabetic mice by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, an osmotic pump including drug was implanted intraperitoneally, followed by weekly measurements of blood glucose levels. Mitochondrial morphology was analysed by electron microscopy. A Ca2+ channel-insensitive cilnidipine derivative (1,4-dihydropyridine [DHP]) was synthesized and its pharmacological effect was evaluated using obese (ob/ob) mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). In patients, cilnidipine was superior to amlodipine in HbA1c lowering effect. Cilnidipine treatment improved systemic hyperglycaemia and mitochondrial morphological abnormalities in STZ-exposed mice, without lowering blood pressure. Cilnidipine failed to improve hyperglycaemia of ob/ob mice, with suppressing insulin secretion. 1,4-DHP improved hyperglycaemia and mitochondria abnormality in ob/ob mice fed HFD. 1,4-DHP and cilnidipine improved basal oxygen consumption rate of HepG2 cells cultured under 25 mM glucose. Inhibition of Drp1-filamin protein complex formation becomes a new strategy for type 2 diabetes treatment.

Identifying Predictor Variables for a Composite Risk Prediction Tool for Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Modified Delphi Study.

A composite cardiometabolic risk prediction tool will support the systematic identification of women at increased cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy to enable early screening and intervention. This study aims to identify and select predictor variables for a composite risk prediction tool for cardiometabolic risk (gestational diabetes mellitus and/or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) for use in the first trimester. A two-round modified online Delphi study was undertaken. A prior systematic literature review generated fifteen potential predictor variables for inclusion in the tool. Multidisciplinary experts (n = 31) rated the clinical importance of variables in an online survey and nominated additional variables for consideration (Round One). An online meeting (n = 14) was held to deliberate the importance, feasibility and acceptability of collecting variables in early pregnancy. Consensus was reached in a second online survey (Round Two). Overall, 24 variables were considered; 9 were eliminated, and 15 were selected for inclusion in the tool. The final 15 predictor variables related to maternal demographics (age, ethnicity/race), pre-pregnancy history (body mass index, height, history of chronic kidney disease/polycystic ovarian syndrome, family history of diabetes, pre-existing diabetes/hypertension), obstetric history (parity, history of macrosomia/pre-eclampsia/gestational diabetes mellitus), biochemical measures (blood glucose levels), hemodynamic measures (systolic blood pressure). Variables will inform the development of a cardiometabolic risk prediction tool in subsequent research. Evidence-based, clinically relevant and routinely collected variables were selected for a composite cardiometabolic risk prediction tool for early pregnancy.

NIR-Based Electronic Platform for Glucose Monitoring for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus.

The glucose level in the blood is measured through invasive methods, causing discomfort in the patient, loss of sensitivity in the area where the sample is obtained, and healing problems. This article deals with the design, implementation, and evaluation of a device with an ESP-WROOM-32D microcontroller with the application of near-infrared photospectroscopy technology that uses a diode array that transmits between 830 nm and 940 nm to measure glucose levels in the blood. In addition, the system provides a webpage for the monitoring and control of diabetes mellitus for each patient; the webpage is hosted on a local Linux server with a MySQL database. The tests are conducted on 120 people with an age range of 35 to 85 years; each person undergoes two sample collections with the traditional method and two with the non-invasive method. The developed device complies with the ranges established by the American Diabetes Association: presenting a measurement error margin of close to 3% in relation to traditional blood glucose measurement devices. The purpose of the study is to design and evaluate a device that uses non-invasive technology to measure blood glucose levels. This involves constructing a non-invasive glucometer prototype that is then evaluated in a group of participants with diabetes.

Reliability of Early Detection of Venous Flap Congestion by Measuring Blood Glucose Level in Albino rat; Experimental study

Reliability of Early Detection of Venous Flap Congestion by Measuring Blood Glucose Level in Albino rat; Experimental study

THE EFFECT OF TELENURSING ON DIETARY MANAGEMENT AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON CHANGES IN BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER HOSPITALISATION IN PANTI RAHAYU HOSPITAL PURWODADI

Background: Hyperglycemia or increased blood sugar is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease. One of the main reasons why DM patients do not follow their treatment program is because they do not realize how important a healthy diet and exercise are. Someone with better understanding will be more likely to follow food consumption patterns and regulate blood glucose (glycemic) levels better. Telenursing is a new way of providing nursing care that has developed as a result of the major influence that developments in information and communication technology have had on the health sector.Method: This research uses the pretest-posttest design method. The research respondents were type 2 DM patients post-hospitalization at Panti Rahayu Hospital whose inclusion criteria had been determined with a total of 21 people selected using probability sampling techniques. Data collection was carried out by providing education via video call according to the SOP with the WhatsApp application and then measuring blood glucose levels. Data analysis determined the effect of telenursing on diet and physical activity on changes in respondents' blood sugar levelsResults: The research showed experimental results of improving blood glucose below < 200 mg/dl as many as 16 respondents (76.2%) with normal interpretation, while 5 respondents (23.8%) showed blood sugar levels > 200 mg/dl with abnormal interpretation. The results of statistical tests using Wilcoxson with a p value of 0.00 < 0.05 concluded that there was an effect of telenursing on reducing blood sugar in type 2 DM patients.Conclusion: telenursing regarding diet implementation and physical activity significantly affects blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients.

Noncontact optical device for measuring blood glucose in aqueous humor: a pilot clinical study investigating correlation with blood glucose levels.

Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for individuals with diabetes. Noninvasive methods for measuring serum glucose levels have been explored to aid in blood glucose control for diabetes management. We introduced a noncontact optical glucometer (NCGM) for measuring glucose levels in the aqueous humor of the human eye. We also investigated the correlation between glucose levels in the NCGM and the aqueous humor, blood samples, and self-monitoring blood glucose devices. The optical system used in this study measured both the near-infrared absorption and polarized rotatory distribution of glucose molecules in the human aqueous humor. This prospective study's outcomes were eye aqueous glucose level, preoperative blood glucose level, intraoperative blood glucose level, and NCGM reading of patients in a single center in Taiwan. The NCGM's measurements showed a strong correlation with blood glucose levels (intra-class correlation [ICC]: 0.95 to 0.98) and aqueous humor glucose levels (ICC: 0.76), indicating its ability to noninvasively measure blood glucose levels in human subjects. This NCGM may offer a convenient, pain-free, and rapid tool for measuring blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The device could represent a significant advancement in noncontact hybrid optical glucose measurement systems.

The current scenario of the interference of anemia and red blood cells in the results of glycated hemoglobin: scope review

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Among the techniques used to measure blood glucose levels in patients with DM, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test is the gold standard for long-term assessment. A single measurement of HbA1c may lead to incorrect diagnosis due to test interference, as in cases of anemia. In addition to anemia, changes in erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels can interfere with biomarker measurement, as HbA1c measurement is dependent on hemoglobin levels. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and summarize the main hematological changes that may interfere with HbA1c results. For this purpose, the Pubmed database was consulted between 2017 and 2022. The search returned 335 articles which, after screening, were reduced to 10, which allowed the analysis of the theme. The results revealed that changes in erythrocyte levels are capable of influencing HbA1c results through different mechanisms. Through the data presented in this review, it is expected to assist healthcare professionals in interpreting HbA1c results, minimizing possible harm that could be caused to patients.

Light sensor optimization based on finger blood estimation and IoT-integrated

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease in society. This condition results from various causes, such as lifestyle choices or genetic predisposition. To prevent diabetes mellitus, blood glucose levels must be monitored periodically, and dietary consumption must be managed. Blood glucose monitoring still uses the incision or minimally invasive approach. This approach poses a risk of infection and damage. This study devised a method to optimize a light sensor to measure blood glucose levels. This approach uses sensor optimization and an integrated Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The research findings demonstrate that the use of the optimization strategy leads to increased consistency in sensor values, which may then be transmitted wirelessly through the IoT network. The research results demonstrate that using the optimization strategy leads to increased consistency in sensor values, which may then be wirelessly transmitted through the IoT network.

Non-invasive measurements of blood glucose levels by time-gating mid-infrared optoacoustic signals

Non-invasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) represents an attractive alternative to finger pricking for blood glucose assessment and management of diabetes. Nevertheless, current NIGM techniques do not measure glucose concentrations in blood but rely on indirect bulk measurement of glucose in interstitial fluid, where glucose is diluted and glucose dynamics are different from those in the blood, which impairs NIGM accuracy. Here we introduce a new biosensor, termed depth-gated mid-infrared optoacoustic sensor (DIROS), which allows, for the first time, non-invasive glucose detection in blood-rich volumes in the skin. DIROS minimizes interference caused by the stratum corneum and other superficial skin layers by time-gating mid-infrared optoacoustic signals to enable depth-selective localization of glucose readings in skin. In measurements on the ears of (female) mice, DIROS displays improved accuracy over bulk-tissue glucose measurements. Our work demonstrates how signal localization can improve NIGM accuracy and positions DIROS as a holistic approach, with high translational potential, that addresses a key limitation of current NIGM methods.

Transitional Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Adverse Neurodevelopment in Midchildhood

The circumstances under which neonatal hypoglycemia leads to brain damage remain unclear due to a lack of long-term data on the neurodevelopment of affected children. As a result, diagnostic strategies and treatment recommendations are inconsistent. To evaluate whether the occurrence of severe transitional neonatal hypoglycemia (defined as having at least 1 blood glucose measurement of 30 mg/dL or below) is associated with adverse neurodevelopment in midchildhood. This cohort study using neurodevelopmental testing of a retrospectively recruited cohort was conducted at a single-center tertiary hospital in Germany between March 2022 and February 2023. Children with neonatal blood glucose screening data were randomly selected from all births between 2010 and 2015. Frequency matching for sex, birth weight, gestational age, socioeconomic status, and primary risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia was performed. Children with persistent hypoglycemia diseases or any risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment except hypoglycemia were excluded. Data were analyzed between February 2023 and March 2023. At least 1 neonatal hypoglycemia measurement with blood glucose measuring 30 mg/dL or below vs all measured blood glucose levels above 30 mg/dL during postnatal blood glucose screening starting on the first day of life. Cognitive function measured by full-scale IQ test. Secondary outcomes included standardized scales of motor, visual, and executive functions, and child behavior, each measured at ages 7 to 11 years. A total of 140 children (mean [SD] age 9.1 [1.3] years; 77 male [55.0%]) participated in the study. Children with severe neonatal hypoglycemia had a 4.8 points lower mean full-scale IQ than controls (107.0 [95% CI, 104.0-109.9] vs 111.8 [95% CI, 108.8-114.8]). They showed a 4.9-fold (95% CI, 1.5-15.5) increased odds of abnormal fine motor function and a 5.3-fold (95% CI, 2.1-13.3) increased odds of abnormal visual-motor integration. Significantly higher T scores for attention problems (58.2 [95% CI, 56.1-60.2] vs 54.6 [95% CI, 52.6-56.6]) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (58.2 [95% CI, 56.2-60.2] vs 54.7 [95% CI, 52.8-56.7]) were reported by parents. Neonatal hypoglycemia with blood glucose levels of 30 mg/dL or below was associated with an increased risk for suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in midchildhood. These findings imply that treatment strategies should aim to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia at these severely low levels.

The study of rice bran cookies for diabetic diet and dyslipidemic diet

This study is about the use of rice bran as a snack for people with degenerative diseases of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the highest cause of death and result in loss of productive days for sufferers and companions. To overcome this problem, the study aims to test rice bran cookies with 30% substitution on glucose levels, cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels in experimental animals so that they can be recommended as healthy cookies low in sugar and low in fat for a snack for people with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. This type of research is an experiment. Research location of the Inter-University Center Experimental Animal Laboratory (PAU) Gadjah Mada University (UGM). The initial stage is to prepare 15 male Sprague Dawley (SD) male white rats weighing 250-300 grams and in closed cages. Rats measured blood glucose levels, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, the rats were grouped into 3 groups, and 2 groups were given an injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to make the rats diabetic. Group 1: 5 healthy rats fed a standard diet, group 2: 5 diabetic rats fed a standard diet, and group 3: 5 diabetic rats fed with rice bran cookies. Drinking water is given ad libitum and feeding is given every morning. Furthermore, weighing and analysis of blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were carried out on the seventh, tenth, seventeenth, twenty-fourth, thirty-first, and thirty-eighth days. The results showed that 30% substitute bran cookies were able to reduce glucose levels, cholesterol levels, and serum triglyceride levels so that they could be recommended as a snack for people with diabetes mellitus and people with dyslipidemia.

Influence of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) Supplementation on Diabetes in Rat Model.

(1) Background: Species of the genus Cymbopogon and its essential oil are known for their antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (EOCF), and its major component, citral, on glycemic, lipid, antioxidant parameters, and oxidative stress in a type 1 diabetes (DM1) rat model. (2) Methods: Initially, EOCF was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antioxidant activity of EOCF and citral was evaluated. Next, male Wistar rats (3 months old, 200-250 g) induced with DM1 using Streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into four groups: negative control supplemented with an 80% Tween solution, two groups of animals supplemented with EOCF (32 mg/kg and 64 mg/kg) and with citral (32 mg/kg), and treated for 14 days. Measurements of blood glucose levels and body weight were taken; after euthanasia, biochemical markers, including lipid profile, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were evaluated. (3) Results: The predominant compounds in EOCF were α-citral (53.21%) and neral (19.42%), constituting 72.63% citral. EOCF showed good antioxidant activity, significantly greater than citral. EOCF supplementation demonstrated a mitigating effect on glycemic, lipid, and hepatic abnormalities induced by DM1. (4) Conclusions: EOCF emerges as a promising therapeutic option for the management of DM1.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Patients with Controlled Graves’ Disease

Abstract Aim: Our aim was to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in patients with controlled Graves’ disease (GD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 95 consecutive patients with GD referred to our tertiary care inpatient clinical center meeting the following inclusion criteria: controlled hyperthyroidism, treatment with antithyroid drugs, untreated Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), if present. Patients’ anthropometric parameters were evaluated and laboratory tests were performed with measurement of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, thyroid hormone and antibody levels. The presence of the MetS and its components as defined by the International Diabetes Federation from 2009 were evaluated. Results: In our patient cohort 82.1% were females, 17.9% were males, mean age 50.2 ± 13 years, with median duration of GD 16.5 months. The MetS was observed in 32.6% of our patients, obesity – in 34.7%, hyperglycemia in 38.9%, arterial hypertension – in 36.8%, low HDL-cholesterol – in 23.2% and hypertriglyceridemia – in 13.7%. There was not statistical difference neither between the prevalence of the MetS, nor between the prevalence of its individual components in female and male GD patients. The MetS was significantly more frequent in older patients, as well as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension. There was not statistical difference in the frequency of the MetS and its components between GD patients with and without GO, except for waist circumference, which was significantly higher in patients with GO. Conclusions: The presence of the MetS and its components among GD patients are to great extent similar to those reported in the general population, which underlines the need for their screening and proper treatment in this subpopulation.

Skrining Diabetes Melitus Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Masyarakat Desa

Sungaibuntu is a village in West Java. Health facilities in Sungaibuntu are not adequate, this village does not have clinic and a doctor's practice, this can be a gap in the community's lack of understanding of the importance of maintaining health, one of which is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Therefore, providing education and screening for diabetes mellitus is important as an effort to detect these diseases. The aim of this activity is to increase public knowledge and understanding regarding risk factors, early detection and self-management so that DM can be prevented and treated well. The stages of activities that will be carried out include providing DM education, measuring BMI, measuring blood pressure, and measuring blood glucose levels. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge before and after being given DM education, while the screening results showed that 47.9% of participants were obese, 60.6% of participants had high blood pressure, and 18.3% of participants had high blood glucose levels at the time of measurement. DM education and screening can increase public knowledge and understanding regarding prevention, management, complications and good self-management. In this case, the role of the patient, family and related parties is needed so that the impact of DM can be minimized.

The effect of high ethanol concentration on E-nose response for diabetes detection in exhaled breath: Laboratory studies

The growing number of people with diabetes has paved the way for the creation of non-invasive devices to measure blood glucose levels and enable the detection of diabetes non-invasively, for example, through exhaled air. This paper presents the development of a breath detection system using multiple sensors (e-nose system) for the non-invasive estimation of blood glucose levels. The system employs commercially available ethanol, CO2, and acetone sensors, with synthetic breath mixtures used for testing, including four scenarios with high ethanol concentrations (0–570 ppm) as an influence factor. Results showed a mean absolute error of 0.245 ppm when analysing commonly observed acetone concentrations in diabetic breath using four sensors and the XGBoost Regressor. In mixtures with high ethanol concentrations and varying acetone concentrations (0–8.62 ppm), the CatBoost Regressor outperformed other machine learning algorithms with a mean absolute error of 0.568 ppm. This study emphasises the significant impact of ethanol on acetone detection and the need to consider ethanol levels in the developing of non-invasive devices for blood glucose prediction based on the exhaled acetone measurements. The research shows that a set of three gas sensors is optimal for estimating acetone concentrations in gas mixtures. The presented results constitute a preliminary step towards developing a non-invasive device for estimating blood glucose levels based on breath analysis, with the novelty of considering alcohol intake as a potential influencing factor.

Cross enclosed square split ring resonator based on D.N.G. metamaterial absorber for X-band glucose sensing application

This article presents a novel real-time meta-material (MM) sensor based on a non-invasive method that operates in microwave frequency ranges at 8.524 GHz to measure blood glucose levels with quality factor 184 is designed and fabricated. A cross enclosed between two square shapes produces a strong interaction between glucose samples and electromagnetic waves. In this study, 5 were tested noninvasively using the proposed glucose resonant sensor with a range of glucose-level changes from 50 to 130 mg/dL. For this range of glucose-level changes, the frequency detection resolution is 5.06 MHz/(mg/dL), respectively. Despite simulations, fabrication procedures (F.P.) have been carried out for more precise result verification. For the purpose of qualitative analysis, the proposed MM sensor is considered a viable candidate for determining glucose levels.

Calpain inhibition protects against atrial fibrillation by mitigating diabetes-associated atrial fibrosis and calcium handling dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mice

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for atrial structural remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF). Calpain activity is hypothesized to promote atrial remodeling and AF. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of calpain in diabetes-associated AF, fibrosis, and calcium handling dysfunction. MethodsDM-associated AF was induced in wild-type (WT) mice and in mice overexpressing the calpain inhibitor calpastatin (CAST-OE) using high-fat diet feeding followed by low-dose streptozotocin injection (75 mg/kg). DM and AF outcomes were assessed by measuring blood glucose levels, fibrosis, and AF susceptibility during transesophageal atrial pacing. Intracellular Ca2+ transients, spontaneous Ca2+ release events, and intracellular T-tubule membranes were measured by in situ confocal microscopy. ResultsWT mice with DM had significant hyperglycemia, atrial fibrosis, and AF susceptibility with increased atrial myocyte calpain activity and Ca2+ handling dysfunction relative to control treated animals. CAST-OE mice with DM had a similar level of hyperglycemia as diabetic WT littermates but lacked significant atrial fibrosis and AF susceptibility. DM-induced atrial calpain activity and downregulation of the calpain substrate junctophilin-2 were prevented by CAST-OE. Atrial myocytes of diabetic CAST-OE mice exhibited improved T-tubule membrane organization, Ca2+ handling, and reduced spontaneous Ca2+ release events compared to littermate controls. ConclusionThis study confirmed that DM promotes calpain activation, atrial fibrosis, and AF in mice. CAST-OE effectively inhibits DM-induced calpain activation and reduces atrial remodeling and AF incidence through improved intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Our results support calpain inhibition as a potential therapy for preventing and treating AF in DM patients.

The Effects Of Simvastatin On Islets Of Langerhans In The Pancreas Of Rats: A Histological And Biochemical Study

Objective: This study explored the effect of simvastatin on the histomorphology of islets of Langerhans, glucose and insulin levels in rats. Study Design: The study was a one-year laboratory-based experimental control trial. Place and duration of study: It was conducted at Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health Islamabad and Armed Force Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi. Methods: A one-year, laboratory-based, two-group experimental control trial was conducted. Thirty rats were assigned to each group: a control group receiving saline injections, and a simvastatin group receiving a simvastatin 60 mg/kg/day. Histological analysis of pancreatic islets, and measurements of blood glucose and insulin levels were performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent sample t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.005. Results: While simvastatin treatment did not affect the number of islets of Langerhans, The area of pancreatic islets of Langerhans was significantly higher in the simvastatin treatment group compared to control (52,664±38,871 μm2 vs 24,643±16,256 μm2, p=0.001). Serum insulin levels were also significantly elevated with simvastatin treatment (21.49±7.03 μIU/ml) compared to control (16.72±5.38 μIU/ml) (p=0.005). There were no significant differences in weekly fasting blood glucose levels at 4 or 12 weeks between groups (p>0.05). These findings suggest potential modulation of pancreatic islet function by simvastatin without affecting glycemic control in this model. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that simvastatin treatment significantly impacts the morphology and function of pancreatic islets in rats, increasing insulin secretion without affecting blood glucose levels. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these observations. Keywords: Simvastatin, islets of Langerhans, Sprague-Dawley rats, insulin, glucose, pancreas.

Optical methods of noninvasive glucose measurement

In recent decades, the need to develop non-invasive methods for measuring blood glucose levels to facilitate continuous monitoring of this indicator has increased significantly. This is due to a large increase in the incidence of diabetes worldwide. However, there are many problems associated with non-invasive glucose monitoring that contribute to inaccurate results. This article discusses and classifies non-invasive methods for measuring glucose based on its properties over the past 20 years. The main focus is on the relevant physiological aspects, existing problems, and recent advances that have made it possible to obtain acceptable clinical accuracy.

Community service: stroke risk detection and primary prevention of stroke education

Stroke is a neurovascular disease that is the second cause of death and the third cause of disease in the world. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia has increased. The increasing prevalence of stroke can be caused by low stroke prevention. Factors that influence stroke prevention behavior are knowledge and awareness. Efforts to reduce the incidence of stroke are primary preventions. The first activity was detection of stroke risk using the Stroke Risk Scorecard, examination of blood pressure, body weight, measurement of blood glucose and cholesterol levels. The second was providing education. This activity was carried out at Kendangan, Caturharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The stroke risk detection was attended by 67 people. The results of risk factor detection found that people at high risk of stroke were 4 people (6%), and 63 people at low risk of stroke (94%). People with hypertension 31 (46%), hypercholesterolemia 26 (38%), smoking 7 (10%), never exercising 50 (74%), and overweight 7 (10%). Education of stroke was attended by 36 people. The knowledge has increased after being given education (score 15) with an average pre-test score of 59,41 (min-max 20-100) and a post-test of 74.41 (min-max 30-100). Stroke risk detection and primary prevention education is an effort to prevent stroke in an early and continuous manner