Means Of Distance Learning Research Articles

Features of distance teaching of foreign language for future seafarers: module “Art”

In this study, the problems of distance teaching of a foreign language to future seafarers are highlighted, namely: the “Art” module. The article’s objective is to investigate the organization of the learning process, the selection of methods and means of distance learning, the peculiarities of teaching of a Foreign Language in the context of maritime subjects. The role of art in the life of a cadet of higher maritime institution is analyzed. The study shows methods of distance learning of a foreign language using the platform Moodle as an example. A number of activities of the “Foreign Language” electronic course (“Art” module) on the Moodle platform are given. The advantages and disadvantages of using the platform Moodle while studying the “Art” module are highlighted. The results of the study show that the “Arts” module helps cadets improve their language competence and develop critical thinking, which allows them to be more successful in their future professional activities.

Towards A Strategic Response to Distance Architectural Education Programs in Egyptian Universities to Tackle The Coronavirus Pandemic And Any Future Contingency

Recently, the Egyptian community has witnessed a series of evolving challenges and variations at all levels, political, social, economic, and educational, as a result of the novel coronavirus pandemic. It has emphasized the critical role of science, technology, and innovation in various areas. Thus, the need to identify issues, and develop and change standards across countries through the dissemination of various technologies such as smartphones and their various applications. Within this research framework, the main hypothesis is set forward, coming after the unprecedented coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated impact on the educational systems, especially Egyptian architectural education programs, as a new resilient learning model can be devised to share best practices and information during the crises. Accordingly, the research aims to document the outcomes of the experiment, including advantages and disadvantages, finding from the outcomes the know-how of preparing remote architectural education in case of emergencies in the hereafter. Hence, attaining a set of necessary indicators for the response of the various architectural education program strategies within Egyptian universities to ensure the continuity of the educational process within contingencies. Moving to research methodology by case studying of architectural education before and after the Coronavirus, also by studying the different means of distance learning and how different types of deal with it. And then a survey was prepared for each of the students, faculty members, and administrators, after completing the current semester exams, so that we get through a full background on the outcomes of such experimenting and how to able to deal with problems and obstacles faced, whether at the level of students, faculty, or administrators.

STUDENT-CENTERED DISTANCE LEARNING IN COMPLICATED CONDITIONS (PANDEMIC COVID-19, MARITAL STATE IN UKRAINE)

The article updates the problems of student-centered learning, which is the core of modern higher education. The specificity arises during the implementation of student-centered distance learning in the complicated conditions of the global Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2021) and martial law in Ukraine (2022). The author included 1071, 443, and 834 university students in the anonymous online survey in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. The computer program IBM SPSS Statistics 23 was used to process the results of the student survey. The obtained results indicate that the following means of distance learning were most widespread at the university at the beginning of the pandemic (listed in order of decreasing number of used educational disciplines, 2020): Moodle, Email, messengers. Google Meet, Google Classroom, Zoom are gaining priority as distance learning tools for students in 2021, 2022. The majority of students (about 70%) easily register in the Moodle system, but about 20% experience minor and about 10% significant difficulties. Some students express dissatisfaction with the quality of Internet connection (about 25-29%), their own technical support (about 17-20%), psychological comfort (about 22-27%). The calculation of the t-test indicates the absence of a statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) for independent samples of neighboring years during distance learning according to the following characteristics: ease/difficulty of registering students in Moodle (2020-2021, 2021-2022), psychological comfort (2020-2021), satisfaction with the quality of Internet connection (2020-2021, 2021-2022) and the quality of own technical support (2021-2022); in other cases of comparison, a statistically significant difference is observed. We used computer-oriented re-testing in Moodle, taking into account the complicated conditions of distance learning in Ukraine (2020-2022). This approach helps to improve the learning results of bachelor and master students by almost 16% and 13-17% for training, as well as by 4% and 3-20% for modular testing, respectively. We believe that the positive results of re-testing in Moodle should be taken into account and disseminated in the practice of higher education.

Foreign language training of future medical specialists in the distance learning system

The article is devoted to the medical students’ foreign language training in the distance learning system. The conditions, features and means of distance learning, advantages and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous mode of learning, as well as the use of digital technologies during learning are considered.

Organization of skills upgrading using means of distance learning at the tertiary level

The article notes that the problem of organization of professional development of teachers of higher educational institutions is related to the orientation of the higher education in Ukraine towards the European educational standards and is associated with the need for continuous professional development of the teaching staff at the tertiary level. Another factor is the necessity in actual professional reaction to the challenges brought about by the world pandemic and, as a result, digitalization of the basic social spheres and institutions, educational, in particular. The article provides the analysis and implementation of the world experience in organization of the process of educating and further professional development of teachers using contemporary educational online platforms. Based on modern research on the problem and taking into account the socio-economic requirements of the time, the main competences that determine the required level of the professional level of a teacher of the higher educational institution are determined. The article presents the experience of implementing upgrading skills programs for teachers of higher educational institutions using online platforms: trainings, webinars, master classes, participation in academic mobility programs, Master degree training programs which have been piloted at the universities of Kharkiv to develop certain competences.

Assessment of the effectiveness of the electronic educational environment “Moodle” by the cadets of the higher educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Problem and goal. The beginning of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic led to the widespread transition of universities in the country and around the world to distance learning. The analysis of available studies in Russia, South Africa, Switzerland and other countries of the world allowed to conclude that there are insufficient comparisons of assessments of the use of distance education technologies before the coronavirus pandemic and after its first waves. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of assessing the capabilities of the electronic information educational environment Moodle in the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia before and during COVID-19. Methodology. A comparison of the results of a survey among cadets of the Ryazan branch of the Vladimir Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2017 and 2021 was made. Results. The empirical study revealed that after the first two waves of the pandemic and the gradual return to a more traditional full-time form of education among the cadets there are no those who rarely use the Moodle. The number of positive assessments of the effectiveness of using the Moodle and its impact on reducing the time spent on studying has increased. The article explains the identified request of students to improve the means of distance learning, in particular, in the direction of reducing complexity, increasing entertainment, reducing the time for checking materials. Conclusion. Working in an electronic information educational environment has become familiar to students, and they have come to realize the need to solve small problems. There is an ingrained understanding of the inevitability of introducing elements of distance learning into full-time education.

PENGGUNAAN WHATSAPP GROUP SEBAGAI SARANA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH DI SD NEGERI TAMBAKSARI

This study aims to analyze and describe learning activities using WhatsApp Group as a means of distance learning at SD Negeri Tambaksari and its obstacles. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach conducted by interviewing participants, namely teachers, guardians of students and students. The results showed that low-class teachers opened learning with greetings and high-class teachers did not open learning, material in high and low classes covered all subjects but did not fulfil all learning outcomes, the method used by low and high-class teachers was the assignment method. , the media used by low-class teachers and high-class teachers is a photo feature, assessments conducted by low-class teachers and high-class teachers in the form of online and portfolio based tests, low-class teachers and high-class teachers do not reflect, low-class teachers close learning with giving messages to students and closing greetings while high-class teachers did not close the lesson. The obstacles for teachers in learning using WhatsApp Group include limited quota, limited cellphone storage for guardians of students, teachers find it difficult to determine the method, assignments were given by the teacher through WhatsApp Group make students lazy.

Possibilities of the Ukrainian Online Platform OUM

Introduction of information and communication technologies in the educational process has resulted in the emergence of innovative teaching techniques, new software and technologies. One of the effective means of distance learning is mass open online courses (MOOC). The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibilities provided by the Ukrainian online platform of the Open University of Maidan (OUM), and to compare it with other Ukrainian platforms (Prometheus, EdEra) according to certain criteria. The article reveals the main advantages and disadvantages of using MOOC both for self-development and in the educational process at higher education institutions. It has been found that MOOC provide lifelong learning and implement the principles of mass involvement and openness. They also offer free online courses and generate a certificate after their successful completion. We have identified some problematic issues which cover the imperfect system of practical tasks, the need to increase users’ motivation, the language aspect, etc. The OUM online platform is primarily intended to provide civic education for community representatives and other users. We analyzed the thematic areas of the online platform and characterized them. The courses on this platform are mainly focused on the adult audience. They increase personal, communicative and civic efficiency, develop social entrepreneurship and understanding of the global content. Also, they ensure effective interaction with the authorities. During the content analysis we found that the OUM platform has specific features. In particular, it is the ability to form and graphically represent the individual educational trajectory; the platform contains exclusively Ukrainian-language content and provides an opportunity to be informed about the course progress via email. We dwelt on the possibilities of using MOOC by students, teachers and all those who are interested in self-study.

Analysis of the Results of Using the Means of Organisation of Distance Learning when Training the Future Primary School Teachers under the Conditions of Quarantine

The study analyses the results of using software and hardware during distance learning. The basis for the study was the Khmelnytskyi Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy and the Municipal Institution of Higher Education “Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Barskyi HumanitarianPedagogical College”. A survey of students who studied computer science in the 1st and 2nd year of the specialty “Primary Education” was conducted. This allowed studying the attitude of the future primary school teachers towards different means of distance learning, determining the conditions for organising distance learning for students of both institutions, comparing the results of teaching computer science for the future primary school teachers by distance and conventional forms. It was found that most students are positive about the use of the platforms offered by the institution and consider their opportunities sufficient for their learning. Adaptation to the new platforms and tools took several weeks. The most popular among the tools were Google Classroom, blog, cloud documents, video tutorials on YouTube, online tests, and more. Quite a large number of students underestimate the effectiveness of video conferencing and prefer other types of electronic materials. However, when explaining new material, sounding presentations increases the level of knowledge acquisition. The main problems that students face during distance learning are the lack of access to computer devices and the Internet, as well as a considerable number of tasks in various disciplines, which causes overload and deterioration of both students’ well-being and the quality of their education. The study of students’ grades in the discipline “Computer Science” in 2019 and 2020 made it possible to compare the results at the beginning of quarantine and at the end of the semester. This approach allows determining the effectiveness of the use of distance learning. The results indicate that during the quarantine there was no considerable deterioration in student grades. Statistical analysis confirmed the identity of the results of semester control in groups that studied in the conventional and distance form

Formation of health and safety competence of students in the process of physical education by means of distance learning

The article is devoted to the topical problem of preserving and strengthening the health of students and testifies to the intersectoral nature of the research problem. It is determined that the problem of improving the health of young people cannot be considered outside the context of physical education, which as a function of general pedagogy is a method of forming their health-preserving competence. It is substantiated that the means of distance learning as an innovative software technology are a quality service of providing information and a tool for the formation of health competence during the coronavirus epidemic. The purpose of the work is to identify and substantiate the pedagogical foundations of the formation of health competence of students in the process of their physical education in higher education institutions by means of distance learning. Research methods: theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison of different views on the researched problem, generalization of data of scientific-methodical and special literature. The functioning of the distance learning environment is positioned as an important reserve for updating the educational process of physical education of students. It is justified that during quarantine you should not stop exercising. In such a situation, conscious independent work becomes of paramount importance. The final analysis established that the formation of health-preserving competence of students by means of distance learning in physical education integrates: information and communication competence, health education technology, health technologies, health culture education. It seems likely that in this process, the development of interest, skills and related special knowledge of health should be developed. The result of the formation of health-preserving competence in the course of physical education by distance learning should be the development of students' need for physical self-improvement, regular physical education, responsible and competent attitude to their health, the formation of healthy lifestyle values that will determine their behavior based on motivation to strengthen their health under harsh conditions of forced physical inactivity during training.

The Effect of YouTube Channels as Means of Distance Learning on University Egyptian Students, English Majors, In Light of The COVID-19 pandemic.

The Effect of YouTube Channels as Means of Distance Learning on University Egyptian Students, English Majors, In Light of The COVID-19 pandemic.

ACADEMIC INTERACTION IN DISTANCE LEARNING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS-LINGUISTS)

The article deals with the problem of organizing distance learning academic interaction based on the provisions of a synergistic and personality-oriented approach to the educational interaction of teachers and students as a self-organizing and mutually enriching system. The effectiveness of this interaction is achieved by identifying and substantiating the relevant pedagogical conditions: pedagogical assistance and technical support, implemented in the structural components of the distance learning interaction program. The article describes the models of distance learning interaction and the algorithm of actions of its participants, draws attention to the selection of optimal educational resources: methods, forms and means of distance learning. The article also presents and analyzes the results of a survey of teachers of Udmurt State University and students-linguists studying a foreign language about the problem of distance learning; some facts from personal experience in this direction are presented. In conclusion, methodological recommendations in the organization of distance learning interaction are given.

Demonstrating the Impact of Brainstorming Technique on EFL Students and its Consequences for Improving the Creativity of Solving-Problems During Times of Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims at studying the impact of utilizing brainstorm technique in improving creative problem-solving abilities among EFL students through the approved E-Learning as a means of distance learning under the current circumstances of Coronavirus pandemic and its effect on the subject. The sample of the study contains (96) students from College of Education for Women, Tikrit University. The sample is divided into two groups. Firstly, the experimental group which consists of (46) students who are taught by means of brainstorming technique in the course of improving thinking abilities during in the academic year 2019/2020. Secondly, the control group consists of (50) students. The research devices used in this study includ a program of brainstorming technique and Torrance creative thinking test. The results reveal statistical significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) between the experimental group and the control group in the total score and the sub scores of the creative thinking for the experimental group. This result indicates the impact of brainstorming technique for improving creative thinking abilities. The researcher recommends applying this technique to universities as well as performing more studies regarding its impact on different samples and under other conditions. © 2020 JTUH, College of Education for Human Sciences, Tikrit University

Demonstrating the Impact of Brainstorming Technique on EFL Students and its Consequences for Improving the Creativity of Solving- Problems During Times of Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims at studying the impact of utilizing brainstorm technique in improving creative problem-solving abilities among EFL students through the approved E-Learning as a means of distance learning under the current circumstances of Coronavirus pandemic and its effect on the subject. The sample of the study contains (96) students from College of Education for Women, Tikrit University. The sample is divided into two groups. Firstly, the experimental group which consists of (46) students who are taught by means of brainstorming technique in the course of improving thinking abilities during in the academic year 2019/2020. Secondly, the control group consists of (50) students. The research devices used in this study includ a program of brainstorming technique and Torrance creative thinking test. The results reveal statistical significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) between the experimental group and the control group in the total score and the sub scores of the creative thinking for the experimental group. This result indicates the impact of brainstorming technique for improving creative thinking abilities. The researcher recommends applying this technique to universities as well as performing more studies regarding its impact on different samples and under other conditions.

Methodical aspects of preparation of educational content on the basis of distance education platforms

The urgency of application of technologies and means of distance learning in educational process of higher educational institutions is designated. The growing frequency of using cloud services and electronic textbooks in mobile and distance learning is noted. The importance of building educational environment is highlighted, where the key element is e-learning resources in digital form, including structure, subject content and metadata about the course. For higher educational institutions, the need for methodical support for the preparation of educational content on the basis of distance education platforms is determined. The experience of using the free distance education platform Moodle within the framework of the higher educational institution Donbass State Engineering Academy is considered. Methodical aspects of training content preparation on the basis of distance education platforms on the example of MoodleDDMA system are given. The General structure of the distance course and an example of evaluation of test tasks of the distance course (module) on topics are considered. An example of the presentation of the course on the basis of distance education platform MoodleDDMA is given. Conclusions about the experience of using the Moodle distance education system at the Donbass State Engineering Academy from the point of view of teachers and students are drawn. The perspective directions of researches and development of the Moodle distance education platform in completion and expansion of educational materials by multimedia elements and links, and also creation of the application for mobile devices for possibility of more effective use of the platform are allocated.

E-Book as a Means of Distance Learning

E-Book as a Means of Distance Learning

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ НАПРЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ У КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ

The article reveals the conceptual areas of development of higher education in Ukraine in the context of European integration. The attention is paid to such aspects as creation of equal opportunities in obtaining higher education, updating of the content, forms of organization of educational process, introduction of modern innovations, information technologies, etc. The ways of realization of the aforementioned areas have been determined, for example: transition to stage system of training specialists, formation of the network of institutions of higher education, creation of conditions for lifelong learning, ensuring mobility in the labour market, etc. The emphasis is on the ideas of the Bologna Process in Ukraine, the quality of higher education, the use of innovative approaches in teaching and learning. This is, in particular, dual education, distance education and mixed learning. The XXIst century put forward new demands for higher education, and also provides new opportunities for educational activity. First of all, it is connected with modern information technologies, computer technology used as a means of acquiring computer literacy, as a means of studying subjects, as a way to knowledge and experience of mankind, and as a means of distance learning. The need to legalize the plurality of educational trajectories, variation of methods (case-system, training technology, tutoring, facilitation, moderation) becomes organic. Higher education in the XXIst century is not only the provision of knowledge and education of the individual. Education in the era of globalization and high technologies is a factor in social stability, economic prosperity, competitiveness and national security. The important direction for the development of higher education is the appreciation of the dignity of a teacher, a scientist, an intellectual as one of the requirements of the philosophy of the XXIst century.

УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ MOODLE В НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС ЯК ЕФЕКТИВНИЙ ЗАСІБ ВИВЧЕННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ

The development of information technology affects all spheres of life, including education. Distance learning is becoming increasingly popular as it allows young people to receive higher education even being away from the university. This form has already gained wide popularity and is used by many educational institutions from different countries. In Ukraine, distance learning is at the stage of formation and active implementation. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) develop effective methods and create their own courses. For the most part, such work is carried out on the basis of the Moodle system.In the view of this, the problems associated with the development of theoretical and practical issues in this direction appear to be the most relevant. At the same time, the system of distance education based on the Moodle platform is created on the basis of social constructive pedagogy, which today attracts the attention of many researchers, teachers of HEIs.The purpose of the article is to explore the benefits of using the Moodle system for learning foreign languages.The execution of this goal requires solving the following tasks:– get acquainted with researches of domestic and foreign scientists regarding distance learning;– define the concept of “distance learning”;– define the concept of “Moodle”;– introduce the development of a distance course of a foreign language for the elementary level.Distance learning is interpreted as an organization of an educational process, in which there is a purposeful direct or indirect interaction between a student (a listener) and a teacher, separated in space or in time, carried out on the basis of modern information technologies, primarily through the use of telecommunications and the Internet. The implementation of distance learning forms the basis for a system of continuous education, in which technical means and informational educational technologies enable not only to change the methodology of developing an ever-increasing amount of knowledge, but also to carry out a detailed control of the assessment and self-assessment of the learning process, to enhance the self-education of a person.The involvement of information technology in the educational process is actively considered by the teachers I. Robert, I. Bulakh, Yu. Bykov, L. Petukhov. The works of E. Polat, A. Khutorsky, R. Sharan are devoted to the problems and peculiarities of the introduction of the distance learning form. T. Koval, E. Smirnova-Trybulsk, M. Izdyliany, G. Yatsenko consider using the elements of students’ distance learning. Methodical principles of teaching a foreign language and translation disciplines using information and communication technologies (ICT), means of distance learning are examined by O. Matsyuk, A. Yankovets, L. Morskaya and others.Moodle is a Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment, distributed free of charge as an Open Source project (GNU GPL license) that allows you to copy, use, and modify the code. The Moodle system is designed to organize and manage learning in a networked environment using ICT. It is reliable in operation, easy to use and administrate, provides information security and its transfer from a teacher to a student, makes assessment of students’ achievements, is compatible with standard software.This academic year one distance course of a foreign language for the elementary level has been developed by the department of foreign languages number 704 of the National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institute». Each teacher of the department has studied the principles of work in the system of Moodle and created their own element of the distance course for teaching a foreign language for elementary level students of both full-time and part-time study. Further work is aimed at developing distance courses for higher levels of foreign language learning.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАГІСТРАНТІВ ФАКУЛЬТЕТІВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

The article presents the state of distance education for the professional training of graduate students in specialties 017 Physical culture and sports and 014 Secondary education (physical culture) on the example of the T.G. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv collegium". Positive and negative aspects of introduction of distance learning for the purpose of professional training of future specialists of these specialties are presented, taking into account the characteristics of the student contingent and Chernihiv region specifics. Masters students of the region do not refuse traditional forms of education, moreover, they emphasize the impossibility of entering the system of distance learning from the border regions of the region (Chernihiv region borders with the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation), offer to duplicate the information of distance courses placed on the platform printed (or e-versions) materials that, on the one hand, will facilitate their perception of the material, and on the other hand, will partially make it impossible for individual students and / or group tasks to be performed. The data of questioning of graduate students 2017-2018 of these specialties indicate that it is inappropriate to see a complete transition to distance education of 70% of respondents, an appropriate partial transition - 81%, refuse to use platforms - 8%, express fears that they will not be able to master the discipline, located on the platform - 15%. The perspective opportunities of the distance education development for the specified specialties are singled out, considering the characteristics of the target audience, in particular, the growth of the number of working masters and graduate students who receive additional higher education, future specialists from the metropolitan regions, who seek to obtain an inexpensive additional higher education (in the regions) means of distance learning, an increase in the number of graduates of these specialties who are in service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and law enforcement agencies. The necessity of considering the features of the region and the mentality of the population during the transition to the distance education is emphasized.

Computerized and distance learning systems (the case of medical diagnostics)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state and the possibility of developing computer systems of various types in education (the case of medicine). Particular emphasis is on the use of case studies that combine linguistic and multimedia components and on intellectual technologies to implement the learning process, individually controlled at different stages. The considered methods of knowledge engineering in the construction of intelligent systems form the skills of individual and teamwork. A separate aspect is the methods and means of distance learning with the use of telemedical and internet technologies in teaching and continuous professional development. Ontologies are used as a means of cognitive visual representation of knowledge. They find application in the presentation of medical knowledge that characterize pathological processes. Intellectual maps and concept maps are used as the primary analysis of logical relationships of characteristics. Role games contribute to the development of knowledge extraction for expert systems. This allows all members of the group to simulate the roles of a knowledge engineer and an expert. In addition, the teacher corrects, if necessary, this process and indicates in conclusion on the mistakes made and the unused possibilities for optimizing the dialogue between the student-cognitive scientist and the student-expert. Based on case-method it is proposed to implement examples and questions from clinical practice, including video fragments. This allows you to monitor the correctness of the actions of students during inspections and manipulations. The expert system and remote methods of work are used for the analysis of microscopic drugs under the supervision of the teacher. Building an intellectual learning system that includes cases is the basis for acquiring the skills of differential diagnosis in the process of examining a virtual patient. Telemedical technologies, using different video cameras, suggest remote teaching of not only theoretical, but also clinical subjects with examination of patients, including testing of students and video examinations. As a result of the research, the author proposed schemes of computerized and intellectualized technology for teaching medical subjects of various types (morphological, clinical, and cybernetic). This contributes to the increase of knowledge, taking into account the individual abilities of students on personal programs, forms skills to extract and analyze the information received. Videoconferencing allows you to improve your skills remotely at the place of work in the process of contact with lecturers and teachers. Specially developed approaches presuppose remote examination and diagnostics under the supervision of the teacher. In addition, demonstration of patients with various pathologies during telelectures. These approaches offer opportunities for individual mastering of knowledge based on modern methods of electronic education and intellectual technologies. Personalization of the approach to learning allows you to repeat the insufficiently mastered sections of the material. Distance learning methods will allow setting and solving tasks of continuous improvement of professional skill of medical workers on a fundamentally new level. In principle, the use of many of these approaches is possible in other areas of education.