Meaning Of Terminology Research Articles

The Subterranean Estuary: Technical Term, Simple Analogy, or Source of Confusion?

AbstractTwenty years ago, the term subterranean estuary was proposed by Moore (1999, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00014-6) as a call of attention to the ocean sciences community about the importance of coastal groundwater systems, which can compete in relevance and impact to oceans with fresh runoff coming from the continent. Coastal aquifers were presented as an analogy to surface estuaries in that water of different density comes together and establishes a saline wedge underlying fresher water. In the past two decades, the use of this term has expanded. Initially limited to studies with an oceanographic viewpoint considering the impact of groundwater on the ocean, it is now common in the literature, competing with classical hydrogeological terminology such as coastal aquifer or seawater intrusion and reaching publications with a traditional hydrogeological focus. The popularity of this terminology suggests that it fills a need not met by existing coastal hydrogeological terms, although these classical terms have their roots in a long history of study of coastal groundwater. This term may serve to enhance communications between the traditionally disparate communities of hydrogeology and ocean sciences—imbricating saltwater intrusion studies with marine sciences and bringing an opportunity to enhance interactions. But does the term also carry an element of confusion? This essay is intended to open a discussion within the coastal research community about the use and meaning of terminology in future studies of coastal and offshore groundwater systems.

Rhetoric of Hadith: Descriptive and Analytical study: بلاغةُ الحديث النَّبوي الشريف: دراسةٌ وصفيةٌ تحليليةٌ

The Prophetic Hadith is a crucial and important source for grammatical and rhetorical studies in language. It was always considered a valuable source of guidance and remains to be one of the major reference points for scholars in language because the prophet May peace and blessings be upon him was one of the most linguistically talented individuals in his clarity, and grammatical use. Furthermore، he was experienced in understanding of pragmatic and syntax use of the Arabic language. All these qualities and the authenticity of the Hadiths make is second most important text after the holy Quran This study showed the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) rhetoric and linguistic knowledge were among the most prominent signs of his magnificence and grace. Also, It confirms his undeniable prophet- hood as he, (peace be upon him), possessed mastery of the spoken language, unattainable wisdom, truthful speech, straight path, and infinite miracle. Allah the Almighty said: “Nor does he speak out of desire. It is naught but revelation that is revealed.” And Allah the Almighty also said: “The faithful spirit has defended with it. Upon your heart that you may be of the warners. In Plain Arabic Language.” This study addressed the linguistic and terminological meaning of rhetoric and explained the reasons for the eloquence of the Hadith and the beauty if use of language without and additions or unnecessary use of words, as well as the superior ability to inspire visual responses via the use of similarity, repetition, interrogation, metaphor, dialogue, suspense and all the skills performed by the Prophet's Hadith according to the nature of the situation, and the context all whilst taking into account the case the listeners through the choice of words and phrases appropriate to their minds to elicit clear understanding and persuasion. All these points were supported by evidence from the Hadith to confirm and strengthen this study.

‘Digital sonosphere’. Diagnosis of its current analytical applications and terminological meanings

ABSTRACTRecently, in the academic and artistic field, the term ‘digital sonosphere’—or sometimes simply ‘sonosphere’—has started to be widely disseminated and used. Confronting this relatively new term from a scientific perspective has generated a lot of pertinent doubts related to its connotations, functional ambit, definition and the reality it describes. Through a review of the scientific literature, this research proposes a revision and evaluation of the term ‘digital sonosphere’. This work aims to identify the functional application of the concept studied, its added value compared to existing concepts and, at the same time, to highlight its deficiencies related to scientific use in the study of sound perception nowadays. The conclusions of this research present the term ‘digital sonosphere’ as ambiguous, context-dependent and redundant in relation to existing terms. Nevertheless, the term’s application is considered useful in some specific types of analysis.

Terminological Meanings in Lexicons Syntactical Definitions in Muhkam Ibn Sîdah as a Model

Terminological Meanings in Lexicons Syntactical Definitions in Muhkam Ibn Sîdah as a Model

“Zhaloba” (“Complaint”) in the 12th-century Kievan Chronicle

Old Church Slavonic “zhaloba” means both ‘complaint, grief’, and, in terminological sense, ‘petition’. The latter is attested in Rus administrating writing at least from the late 13th and the early 14th centuries. The article aims to clarify the time of the first occurrence of “zhaloba” in that terminological meaning, basing on the 12th-century Kievan Chronicle, which is the South Rus continuation of the Tale of Bygone Years (Povest’ vremennykh let). Both Old Rus and Latin chronicles included primary documents, often not in the form of the direct copies, but as re-written narratives. It is traditionally suggested that the messages of princes and envoys quoted in the Kievan Chronicle reflect the materials from the princely archives. Very little survives from the administrative writing of Southern Rus, but, according to some indirect data, it was developing productively, and chroniclers really worked with documents. Of course, all messages can not be taken at face-value as the copies of primary documents, because there are traces of the usage of bookish sources (chronography, homiletics) in them. However, it seems that in some cases they reflect the influence of administrative writing, including those where the word “zhaloba” occurs. The existing dictionaries omit the contexts of the Kievan Chronicle, taking into consideration only the entries the Tale of Bygone Years s.a. 1100 and the early 13th-century notes of the Novgorodian First Chronicle. Meanwhile, we have three occurrences in the Kievan Chronicle, s.a. 1147, 1148 and 1174, in the descriptions of official princes’ meetings or envoys’ missions, so one can assume that the chroniclers used some contemporary records. The latter were probably edited, that is, affirmed by inner discrepancies and various sets of the favorite words of the Kievan editors. Also, we cannot exclude a possibility that we come across with the chroniclers’ paraphrases or even pure reconstructions, but, even if so, it seems that the scribes imitated the official protocols of their time. Thus “zhaloba” in terminological meaning of ‘petition‘ occurs much earlier than the late 13th century, already in the 12th-century Kievan Chronicle.

Science-Based Regulation in Financial Services: From Deterrence to Culture

Recent regulatory responses to major adverse events have produced a range of responses, encompassing either retrospective reactions or attempts to control future behaviour. This paper juxtaposes the extremes of such responses in two models of how to regulate, which are almost diametrically opposed in their theoretical justifications. The two approaches are the legal model, based on the theory of deterrence, and the cultural model, based on behavioural science. We summarise some major examples of these models from different sectors, notably the Australian response to misconduct by banks (wholly based on deterrence) and the cultural approach to civil aviation safety (involving an open, ‘no blame’ culture that leads to necessary consequences in a ‘just’ culture). Traditional legal and economics-based theories of regulation (especially the theory of deterrence) have been re-thought in some industries and can now be based on the scientific findings from behavioural psychology and how humans behave in groups or organisations. With a focus primarily on financial services, we then discuss developments that are influenced by one or other model, illustrated by increased regulation of financial services managers, increased enforcement, changes to corporate governance, a focus on the purpose of organisations, and attempts by regulators and firms to change the cultures of the latter. We conclude that many recent initiatives conflict because they are unclear whether their underlying model is to blame, sanction, and deter or to support doing the right thing in an open and just culture. This is clear from confusion about the meaning, objectives and effects of terminology around responsibility and accountability. The evidence indicates that the legal model will have limited success in avoiding major disasters, but that the cultural model may be more effective as long as it is pursued under the right conditions. This includes understanding the meaning of accountability and responsibility in new ways. There is a need for detailed analysis of the causes of recurrent problems and of the responses that science indicates would reduce future risk.

Cognitive Mechanisms of the Term’s Semantic Derivation

The article considers the problems of modern terminology in the cognitive aspect, highlights the modern approach to the study of the term as a linguistic sign that represents linguistic, rational and actually special knowledge. The ontological essence of the term is substantiated, which is based on the professional experience of a person’s knowledge in a certain professional field. The phenomenon of semantic derivation is characterized as a productive process of replenishment and renewal of the terminological structure of each language. It has been suggested that commonly used words may be subject to semantic shift, acquiring a different semantic, including terminological meaning in order to continue to function within the relevant terminological system. It is proved that terminology is fixed in the narrow professional field of communication, so professional language is the environment of origin, functioning and evolution of special units – terms. Intralinguistic processes of concepts exchange in the process of professional cognition are analyzed, expanding the areas of use of terminological units with a new meaning as a result of semantic derivation. It is established that the main cognitive mechanism of terminologization of commonly used words is the transfer of signs from one area to another, as well as the transfer of terms from one system to another with full or partial rethinking, where semantics are also subject to change, forming a new term.

WORD BUILDING IN TERMINOLOGY

The article deals with terminological units and their most productive word building techniques. The material under study includes English and French terms. In a special text, terminological units make up about 60% of all words. Terminological units form a mental network which preserves the knowledge about the world by means of language. Terminological speech demonstrates general linguistic processes, for instance, the principle of economy of effort which causes shortening of terms (sailor instead of boat sailor, driver instead of car driver). Such cases of terminological use are especially typical of oral speech and mass media language, newspaper headings and the press in general. The article characterizes prefixes and suffixes typical of English terminology. Some prefixes borrowed into English from the French, Latin and Greek languages are used only in scientific and technological lexicon. Abbreviation is one of the most productive ways of formation of new terms. The article highlights the temporal aspect of terminology manifested in disappearance of terms as a result of extralinguistic (the denoted material things no longer exist) and purely linguistic factors (the word with salient inner form is replaced by a word created according to a productive word building model). The authors study the formation of the semantic core of a polysemantic term analyzing a number of problems and issues which are directly reflected in the study of allomorphemic and isomorphemic characteristics of the term. While studying the semantic terminological meaning, the authors of the article drew on the method of cognitive modeling of lexical meanings of units, method of interference, and the statistical method.

ہبہ مشاع اور غیر مشاع میں قبضہ

The institution of ‘Gift’ (ہبہ) is common in every religion. Every religion promo-tes this practice, as it is a tool to create sense of love and affection between the giver and the receiver. Similarly, Islam encourages its followers to perform it from time to time and spread sense of love and affection. The holy Prophet (Peace and Mercy be upon him) not only ordered the believers of Islam to exchange gifts but also, he himself was habitual of distributing things among the Muslims as gifts. Here, in this article, this exercise of the ‘Gift’ is discussed. Firstly, its lexical and terminological meanings are mentioned and supported with verses of the holy Quran and the traditions of the holy Prophet (PBUH). Furthermore, its need and importance are given consideration. Secondly, kinds of the ‘Gift’ are specified, which are ‘Gift of existing things and non-existing things’. Then the existing things are divided into ‘Devisable and non-devisable items’. In the end the concept of possession in the ‘Gift’ is stated. Along with all this opinions of the five schools of thoughts i.e. Hanafi, Maliki, Shafai, Hanbali and Shia, and their basis regarding possession of the ‘Gift’ are presented.

The Science of Wad‘ and “el-‘Ucâletü’r-Rahmiyye” (Study and Review)

Vaz‘ ilmi, dış dünyadaki varlık veya nesnelerin insan zihnindeki suretleri olan manalar ile bu manaları simgeler yoluyla zihin dışına aktaran lafızlar arasındaki ilişkinin ne şekilde ve hangi yollarla kurulduğunu incelemektedir. Hicrî VIII. asırda kelam, usul ve dil âlimi Ebü’l-Fazl ‘Adudüddîn el-Îcî’nin er-Risâletü’l-vaz‘iyye adlı risalesiyle bağımsız bir literatür olarak incelenmeye başlamıştır. Ebü’l-Kâsım es-Semerkandî, Abdurrahman el- Câmî, Kemâlüddîn eş-Şirvânî ‘İsamüddîn el-İsferâyînî, Seyyid Şerif el-Cürcânî, Seyyid Muhammed el-Kefevî ve Seyyid Hafız es-Sirozî gibi sonraki müelliflerin metinleriyle gelişimini sürdürmüştür. Son döneme gelindiğinde alana dair birçok eser telif edilmiştir. Bu eserler arasında Eğinli İbrahim b. Halil Efendi’nin Metnun fi’l-vaz‘ adlı risalesi, önceden beri tartışılagelen vaz‘ meselelerinin tamamını teorik ve pratik düzlemde sistemli olarak ele alma ve vaz‘ bilgisini bilimin konusu haline getirme noktasında gösterdiği çabayla dikkat çekmektedir. Makalenin konusu olan el-‘Ucâletü’r-Rahmiyye, sözü edilen eserin şerhidir. Bu çalışmada özellikle muhtevanın geliştirilmesi ve meseleler hakkında yapılan tartışmaların tespit edilmesi açısından vaz‘ ilmine büyük katkıları olduğuna inandığımız bir metnin vaz‘ literatürüyle birlikte değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.

Some Remarks on the Symbolic and Terminological Meanings Attributed to Minbar in History

Cami mimarisinin bölümlerinden birisi olan minberler, tarihte yalnız üzerine çıkılarak din görevlisinin cemaat tarafından görünür hale gelmesini sağlayan, sesinin duyulmasına yardımcı olan alelade bir araç değildiler. Bilakis, kökleri Hz. Peygambere kadar dayanan birtakım görevlerin ifa edilmesinde önemli paya sahiptiler. Başta müslümanların dinî konularda bilgilendirilmesi olmak üzere, toplumun idaresine dair işler de minber vasıtasıyla tabana yayılmıştır. Asr-ı Saadet’te ilk numunesi neşvünema bulan minber, daha sonra Râşid Halifeler zamanında da aynı vazifeyi görmeye devam etmiştir. Emevîler döneminden itibaren minberler, gerek devlet idaresinde gerekse siyasî hayatta aktif rol oynamışlardır. Bu devirle birlikte minberler, siyasî ve idarî birtakım yeni anlamlar yüklenmesi hasebiyle sembolik/terminolojik bir karakter kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bir kavram olarak ona yüklenen sembolik anlam, tarihi süreçte zaman zaman zayıflasa da yakın zamana kadar varlığını korumuştur. İslam dünyasının farklı coğrafyalarında ve farklı tarihlerde gerçekleşen gerek iktidar mücadelelerinde gerekse isyan hareketlerinde siyasî propaganda aracı olarak yine minberlerin etkin bir kullanımı söz konusudur. Bunun yanında, halifeye biatın minberlerde gerçekleşmesi ve minberlerde okunan hutbelerin, iktidarın bir sembolü olarak telakki edilmesi de minberin yüklendiği siyasî ve idarî sahadaki sembolik/terminolojik anlamla ilgilidir. Minberin terminolojide kazandığı anlamlardan bir diğeri, İslam coğrafya ilmine dairdir. Ortaçağ İslam coğrafyacıları, eserlerinde “minber” kelimesini gelişigüzel kullanmamaktadırlar. Müelliflerin, tasvir ettikleri şehirlerin minbere sahip olup olmadığı ve sahip oldukları minber sayısı gibi kaydettikleri malumat, burada mevzubahis edilecek olan sembolik/terminolojik anlama işaret etmektedir.

Teftâzânî’nin Bilginin Tanımlanması Problemine Yaklaşımı

Kelâm tarihi boyunca âlimler bilgiyi tanımlamaya çalışmış ve ortaya koydukları tanımlar muhtelif yönlerden eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Meşşâî tanım teorisinin kelâma girmesiyle de bilginin hakiki bir tanımını yapmak iyice zorlaşmıştır. Bilgiyi tanımlama çabalarının karşı karşıya kaldığı sorunların farkında olan Fahreddin Râzî, apaçık bir kavram olduğundan dolayı bilginin tanımlanamayacağını savunmuştur. Gelenekte, bilginin tanımının yapılmasını mümkün gören Îcî ve Cürcânî gibi düşünürlerin etkisiyle apaçıklığından dolayı bilginin tanımlanamazlığı görüşünün Râzî’ye münhasır olduğu şeklinde bir anlayış oluşmuştur. Halbuki Teftâzânî, bilginin tanımlanamayacağını savunmasının yanı sıra bu görüşü muhakkiklerin çoğunluğuna nispet etmiştir. Bu anlamda o, mevcut bilgi tanımlarını tanım değil tarif olarak nitelemiş ve tanım teorisinin şartları bağlamında onları eleştirme gereği duymamıştır. Ona göre, bu tarifler, âlimlerin dilde apaçık bir anlama karşılık olarak vaz’ edilen bilgi lafzına kendi disiplinlerinde yükledikleri ıstılâhî anlamları açıklayan ibarelerdir. Îcî ile Teftâzânî’nin yaklaşımlarındaki bu farklılık, bilgi tanımlarını tartıştıkları Mevâkıf ve Şerhu’l-Makâsıd adlı eserlerinin girişinde de belirgin bir şekilde etkisini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, bilginin tanımları hususunda Teftâzânî’nin tevârüs ettiği birikimi nasıl okuyup yorumladığı ve kendi yaklaşımını bu yorum üzerine inşa ettiği, mukayeseli bir şekilde incelenecektir.

What the analysis of extended meaning of terms can reveal about verb semantic frame structure

ABSTRACT By disabling two traditional constraints on general-language one-verb sub-events, Goldberg shows that: (i) a verb can specify both manner and result or change of location; and (ii) the profiled event of one verb need not be causally related to the evoked background frame event. This study develops Goldberg's claims further to show that a single verb can meet (i) and (ii) at the same time. For this purpose, two polysemic terminological verbs and their arguments were analyzed as they occur in concordances extracted from a corpus of naturally running texts from the specialized knowledge domain of environmental science. The meanings of these verbs and of their arguments were formalized in the Environmental Event Frame as described by Faber et al. The basic senses of the verbs in ordinary language were compared with their extended terminological meanings to determine how meaning extension structures and constrains the event-based semantic frame evoked by each of the sub-senses of the verbs. Striking differences were found in the nature and composition of the semantic frames of the pairs of senses compared. This type of semantic frame asymmetry in polysemic verbs that satisfy criteria (i) and (ii) further enriches Goldberg’s theory of verb semantics and event-structure construal.

FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF STYLISTIC FIGURES: METAPHOR AND METONYMY

The article deals with the word-forming role of stylistic figures (metaphors and metonymy) in the formation of polysemantic words-terms. The common regularities of the use of stylistic figures in various spheres of the humanities, ways of their change (semantic landslides), especially the semantic filling of terms in professional texts are revealed. It is noted that the semantic paradigm of metaphor is a complex system-forming unit that forms a set of derivatives motivated by the same sign. A metamorphic nominative function, capable of forming new concepts, is also traced. It is generalized that the metaphor is a semantic shift in meaning, and metonymy is a semantic shift in the reference. The stylistic figure of a metaphor performs both a figurative and an effective speech function and can be represented by a set of semantic markers or sems. The article argues that a stylistic figure, as a result of a combination of heterogeneous components of content that arose in the context, is singled out implicitly from it, realized both in the metaphor and in metonymy, providing a proper understanding of the speakers of the language. It is highlighted that metaphor is a semantic process, where the form of a linguistic unit is transferred from one referent to another based on the similarity of subjects / concepts in the mind of the speaker. The mechanism of the functioning of stylistic figures by the main regular models of the metaphorical semantic transition, which is a complicated multifaceted process of “generation” of new meanings, is shown. It is proved that penetrating into a professional language, the metaphor gradually loses its imagery, associativity and acquires a strict terminological meaning. It is argued that the semantic structure of the metaphor is formed in close interaction between the main and the auxiliary components, and the meaning that causes the metaphor is the structural component of the extensional meaning and determines the perception of the main subject of the metaphor. It is generalized that stylistic figures (metaphor, metonymy) are capable of creating new meanings in both semantic and cognitive dimensions, and their free combination enables the emergence of a new meaning that is actualized in a particular speech act.

الأعراف والعادات وأثرها في الدعوة إلى الله

تناولت في هذا البحث موضوع الأعراف والعادات وأثرها في الدعوة إلى الله فبدأت البحث بالکلام عن العرف والعادة وبيان معناهما لغة واصطلاحا ثم تطرقت لذکر حجية الإستدلال بهما وحاجة الداعية إليهما في الدعوة ، وبعدها انتقلت لبيان المنهج النبوي في مراعاة أعراف وعادات وأحوال الناس في الدعوة إلى الله ، وختمت البحث بذکر التطبيق العملي الدعوي لمراعاة الأعراف والعادات في الحياة المعاصرة، ثم ذکرت أهم نتائج البحث ومنها : إعتبار العرف والعادة يؤکد طابع الإتساع والشمول في الشريعة الإسلامية ويجعلها قادرة على مواکبة التطور في کل العصور . والوصية : بضرورة تأهيل الدعاة ليعيشوا الواقع المعاصر وليتفهموا الدين في ضوء هذا الواقع. Abstract In this research, i addressed the topic of and customs and their effect on the call to God I started the search by talking about custom and custom and showing their meaning in language and terminology, and then i touched on the authoritative inference and the need for them to call, and then moved to indicate the prophetic approach in taking into account the customs, customs and conditions of people in calling to God, and concluded the research by mentioning the practical application of the prayer. To take into account the customs and customs in contemporary life, then mentioned the most important results of the research, including: the consideration of custom and custom confirms the nature of the breadth and comprehensiveness in Islamic law and makes it able to keep up with the development of all times. The will: the need to qualify the preachers to live the contemporary reality and to understand religion in the light of this reality. Keywords: Customs, Customs, Da'wa, Da'wa, Makassed, Sharia.

Specialized Knowledge Representation: from Terms to Frames

Understanding specialized discourse requires the identification and activation of knowledge structures underlying the text. The expansion and enhancement of knowledge is thus an important part of the specialized translation process (Faber 2015). This paper explores how the analysis of terminological meaning can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-Based Terminology (FBT) (Faber 2012, 2015), a cognitive approach to domain-specific language, which directly links specialized knowledge representation to cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. In this study, context expansion was explored in a three-stage procedure: from single terms to multi-word terms, from multi-word terms to phrases, and from phrases to frames. Our results showed that this approach provides valuable insights into the identification of the knowledge structures underlying specialized texts.

SEMANTIC DERIVATION OF CONSUBSTANTIAL TERMS OF THE HUMANITIES, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

The article deals with the semantic changes of the terms of the Humanities and those of social and political sciences, the majority of which are consubstantial. It is universally acknowledged that a lexical-semantic way of coining new terms is the most productive one, which makes the majority of terms consubstantial.
 Words borrowed from the general literary language more often than not undergo the process of terminologisation and turns into terms proper whose meaning becomes more precise and narrow. Besides the process of terminologisation the article also considers the processes of determinologisation and reterminologisation. The research has also shown that the meaning of the term changes due to its transition from the category of the author original terms to international ones. These conclusions are also applicable to metaphor-based terms and terms coined on the basis of proper nouns. Having become part of terminological word combinations, proper nouns lose the meanings common for all participants of the speech community.
 The growing level of terminologisation results in the change of meaning of the term to such an extent that it becomes understandable only to professionals. The common seme which the term shares with the word of the general language disappears.
 The material for the research includes terminological dictionaries of various fields of the humanities and social and political sciences (economics, politics, law, art criticism). The authors have tried to present the studied material as a whole, to address certain problem caused by the change of meaning and to identify regularities of terminological meaning change.

Analisis Yuridis terhadap Perkawinan Perempuan Muallaf dengan Wali Nikah Tokoh Agama

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis secara yuridis pertimbangan hukum Majelis Hakim pada Penetapan Nomor 20/Pdt.p/2012/PA. Smi dan Penetapan Nomor 6/Pdt.p/2013/PA.Sgr. tentang Itsbāt Nikah Perkawinan Perempuan Muallaf dengan Wali Nikah Tokoh Agama, kemudian mengkomparasikan hasil dari kedua penetapan tersebut. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian pustaka (library research), yang bersifat deskriptif-analitis-komparatif. Serta menggunakan pendekatan yang bersifat Yuridis-Normatif dengan menggunakan bahan data primer yaitu Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Nomor 20/Pdt.P/2012/PA. Smi., dan Penetapan Nomor 6/Pdt.P/2013/Pa.Sgr. Sedangkan data sekunder penelitian ini adalah kitab-kitab fikih dan usul fikih dari berbagai mazhab, peraturan perundang-undangan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), dan hasil wawancara dengan majelis hakim yang memutus perkara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran kontekstual terhadap teks hukum lebih memenuhi rasa keadilan ketimbang penafsiran tekstual. Penetapan Nomor 6/Pdt.p/2013/PA.Sgr. yang bertolak dari penafsiran kontekstual dengan mempertimbangkan sosio-kultural dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan melakukan contra legem dengan cara melakukan perluasan makna (penafsiran hukum ekstensif) terhadap terminologi “wali hakim” hingga mencakup ke dalam pengertian wali muhakkam, cenderung lebih responsif terhadap rasa keadilan masyarakat (keadilan substantif). Sebaliknya Penetapan Nomor 20/Pdt.p/2012/PA. Smi yang bertolak dari penafsiran tekstual-legalistik cenderung tidak dapat memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat, tetapi hanya sekedar memenuhi keadilan prosedural.

Specialized Knowledge Representation: From Terms to Frames

AbstractUnderstanding specialized discourse requires the identification and activation of knowledge structures underlying the text. The expansion and enhancement of knowledge is thus an important part of the specialized translation process (Faber 2015). This paper explores how the analysis of terminological meaning can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-Based Terminology (FBT) (Faber 2012, 2015), a cognitive approach to domain-specific language, which directly links specialized knowledge representation to cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. In this study, context expansion was explored in a three-stage procedure: from single terms to multi-word terms, from multi-word terms to phrases, and from phrases to frames. Our results showed that this approach provides valuable insights into the identification of the knowledge structures underlying specialized texts.

CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATING POLYSEMANTIC AND MULTIEQUIVALENT TERMS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECONOMIC PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE

The present work is devoted to the phenomenon of polysemy and to the issue of translation of English polysemantic termsin professional economic discourse. The paper presentsthe analysis of terms used in the economic and banking fields. The authors consider banking terminology as a system and show that systemic relations are important in organizing a special type of professional discourse. The objective of the research is to reveal the significance of correct and accurate rendering of terms for the effectiveness of intercultural professional communication. Particular attention in the paper is paid to the study of the meanings of economic terms listed in English and English-Russian terminological dictionaries. The authors conclude that the compilers of dictionaries often complicate the process of translation by including not only specific terminological meanings but also general language ones from different areas and fields. This causes “false polysemy”, hampers comprehension and the correct usage of terms. The methods of definitional and contextual analysis, interpretation, the method of comparison and opposition of concepts, and that of description have been made use of.