Maximum Response Research Articles

Experiment and Simulation Analysis of MSM Photodetector Based on Cubic Boron Nitride Single Crystals

The cubic boron nitride (cBN) single crystals present a higher expectation for deep ultraviolet (DUV) detectors. Simulations have been carried out using Synopsys TCAD to improve the performance of detectors. The light and dark current were observed by changing the parameters such as electrode spacing, doping concentration. The detector has the maximum response with the doping concentration of 1013 cm−3. The light-to-dark current is up to about 60 with an electrode width and spacing of 15 µm. The photocurrent was measured based on the prototype device.

Abstract 4615: HC-7366, a potent GCN2 activator, complements belzutifan, a HIF-2⍺ antagonist, by providing combination benefit in belzutifan-sensitive models and monotherapy activity in belzutifan-resistant models

Abstract Recent approval of the HIF-2α antagonist belzutifan (Welireg) for patients with VHL disease has enabled the clinical opportunity to target the HIF-2 axis in cancer. This is particularly important for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), in which 90% of tumors are VHL deficient, and approximately one in four primary tumors express HIF-2α exclusively. Clinical studies to date suggest an overall response rate (ORR) of 20-25% for belzutifan monotherapy, highlighting the need for a rational combination strategy to improve patient outcomes. This has led to multiple clinical trials testing belzutifan in combination with diverse therapeutic agents, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors, VEGFR-TKIs, and CDK4/6 inhibitors. HiberCell is developing a first-in-class GCN2 activator currently undergoing Ph1 clinical evaluation in patients with solid tumors (NCT05121948). GCN2 activation by HC-7366 drives the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), resulting in translation inhibition and delayed cell cycle progression in cancer cells. In preclinical studies, HC-7366 demonstrated significant antitumor activity associated with HIF suppression across diverse tumor models, including ccRCC (70% TGI), head and neck (33% regression), sarcoma (84% TGI) and prostate (100% TGI). Analysis of tumor samples revealed that HC-7366 inhibited both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, as well as multiple cell cycle regulators. Given the mechanistic link between HIF-2 and cell cycle regulation, and the noted combination benefit reported when CDK inhibitors are combined with belzutifan, we hypothesized that HC-7366 would enhance the antitumor effects of belzutifan in RCC. Combination studies in HIF-2 dependent 786-O and A-498 RCC xenografts demonstrated that HC-7366 improved the antitumor effects of belzutifan at clinically relevant doses. The combination of HC-7366 and belzutifan in A-498 drove robust tumor inhibition (~90% TGI). In 786-O, HC-7366 increased the number of complete responses from 2 of 8 tumors in the belzutifan-treated animals to 6 of 8 in the combination group. When tested in two belzutifan-resistant PDX models, HC-7366 resulted in significant monotherapy activity, achieving 17% regression as a maximal response, and inhibiting both HIF and cell cycle markers. Belzutifan is currently being tested in indications beyond RCC, so we evaluated the combination in VHLwt endometrial cancer model, MFE-280. Consistent with RCC models, the combination of HC-7366 and belzutifan resulted in tumor stasis with activation of ISR, enhanced inhibition of HIF and cell cycle markers in the combination vs belzutifan monotherapy. Together, these findings suggest that HC-7366 enhances belzutifan activity and serves as a rationale supporting clinical evaluation of this therapeutic combination. Citation Format: Michael E. Stokes, Feven Tameire, Paulina Wojnarowicz, Sho Fujisawa, Crissy Dudgeon, Sharon Huang, Nick Collette, Ben Harrison, Ashley LaCayo, Xiaohong Qiu, Takashi Kangas, Weiyu Zhang, Jeremy Drees, David Surguladze, Eric S. Lightcap, Nandita Bose. HC-7366, a potent GCN2 activator, complements belzutifan, a HIF-2⍺ antagonist, by providing combination benefit in belzutifan-sensitive models and monotherapy activity in belzutifan-resistant models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4615.

Gust Factor Approach for Estimating Maximum Response and Control Force in High-Rise Base-Isolated Buildings with Active Structural Control

This paper devises a new method for estimating the maximum response and maximum control force for high-rise base-isolated buildings with active structural control (active base isolation) to simplify the conventional complex design procedure. While active base isolation has emerged as a prominent solution for achieving high control performance, its design process is inherently complex, particularly when applied to high-rise buildings where wind loads become prominent. To address this problem, we propose a streamlined method inspired by the gust factor methodology widely used in conventional passive wind-resistant designs. This method estimates the maximum response and maximum control force without the need for numerical simulations. We first construct an equivalent passive model of a multi-degree-of-freedom control system to theoretically compute the dynamics of the system. Based on the constructed equivalent passive model and then propose a method to calculate the mean displacement and mean control force using only the static equilibrium of this model. Furthermore, we extend the conventional gust factor approach to active base isolation to estimate the maximum displacement and maximum control force for active base isolation without the need for numerical simulations. We validate our methods through a series of numerical examples, incorporating key parameters such as feedback gain, aspect ratio of building, return period of wind force, and stiffness of isolation. Numerical verifications show that the mean response and mean control force are estimated by the static equilibrium of the proposed equivalent passive model. Moreover, the maximum response and maximum control force can be estimated by the proposed gust factors. Our methods can be applied for feedback control systems using a given feedback gain.

Abstract 728: Oral TGF-beta receptor1 inhibitor vactosertib promotes osteosarcoma regression by targeting tumor proliferation and enhancing anti-tumor immunity

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignant bone cancer, with the lung as the most frequent site of metastasis. Unresectable pulmonary metastasis remains a significant challenge with a survival rate of less than 20%. Identification of novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) is a potent immune suppressive cytokine in OS tumor microenvironment (TME). TGF-β1 expression is increased in the sera and tumor tissues of OS patients and this increase is associated with high-grade OS and lung metastases. Therefore, blocking TGF-β1 signaling may be a novel therapy for OS treatment. In this study, we show that blocking TGF-β1 signaling using the orally bioavailable small molecule TGF-βR1 inhibitor, Vactosertib, significantly inhibited OS proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Notably, Vactosertib inhibits c-Myc expression in the OS cells and oral administration of Vactosertib significantly reduces OS growth in vivo. Vactosertib increased immune effectors (e.g., IFNγ+CD8+ cells and NK cells) and inhibited immune suppressors (e.g., M2-like TAM, MDSC) in the OS TME. Our results suggest that inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling is an effective therapeutic strategy against OS through a multi-pronged approach that targets tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors to achieve optimal immune-effector functions and maximal clinical response. Citation Format: Sung Hee Choi, Jay Myers, Suzanne Tomchuck, Melissa Bonner, Saada Eid, Daniel Kingsley, Kristen VanHeyst, Seong-Jin Kim, Byung-Gyu Kim, Alex Y. Huang. Oral TGF-beta receptor1 inhibitor vactosertib promotes osteosarcoma regression by targeting tumor proliferation and enhancing anti-tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 728.

Assessment of land use/ land cover change derived catchment hydrologic response: An integrated parsimonious hydrological modeling and alteration analysis based approach

Land use/land cover (LULC) change, often a consequence of natural or anthropogenic drivers, plays a decisive role in governing global catchment dynamics, and subsequent impact on regional hydrology. Insight into the complex relationship between the drivers of LULC change and catchment hydrology is of utmost importance to decision makers. Contemplating the dynamic rainfall-runoff response of the Indian catchments, this study proposes an integrated modeling-based approach to identify the drivers and relative contribution to catchment hydrology. The proposed approach was evaluated in the tropical climate Nagavali River Basin (NRB) (9512 km2) of India. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model, which uses daily-scale rainfall, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation, and streamflow information was integrated with the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) technique to characterize the plausible changes in the flow regime of the NRB. Subsequently, the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) based modeling analysis was performed to quantify the relative contribution of individual LULC components on the catchment water balance. The outcomes of the study revealed that forest land has been significantly converted to agricultural land (45–59%) across the NRB resulting in mean annual streamflow increase of 3.57 m3/s during the monsoon season. The affinity between land use class and streamflow revealed that barren land (CN = 83–87) exhibits the maximum positive response to streamflow followed by the built-up land (CN = 89–91) and fallow land (CN = 88–93). The period 1985–1995 experienced an increased ET scenario (911–1050 mm), while the recent period (2005–2020) experienced reduced ET scenario owing to conversion of forest to agricultural land. Certainly, the study endorses adopting the developed methodology for understanding the complex land use and catchment-scale hydrologic interactions across global-scales for early watershed management planning.

Evaluation of the immune response of layer chickens to Newcastle disease virus vaccines using the new vaccination regimens.

The study aimed to evaluate the immunological response of layer chickens to live Newcastle disease virus vaccine using a newly developed vaccine schedule administered via the ocular route, as well as assess the persistence of passive antibodies in layer chickens and the effectiveness of protection against strains of the virus. A total of 140-day-old Lohmann Brown chicks were randomly divided into seven groups, 20 chicks each. Groups 1-3 received a single eye instillation of the vaccine at ages 5, 26 and 54 days, respectively, whereas groups 4-6 received a double eye instillation. Group 7 served as non-vaccinated control group. Ten days after immunization, samples were taken from hens that had received the vaccine at ages 15, 36 and 64, as well as from control chickens that had not received the vaccine at ages 5, 15, 21 and 31. A total of 10 serum samples from all chickens exhibited protective antibodies, and booster doses resulted in the highest haemagglutination inhibition titre. No significant change in antibody production was observed among layer hens (p>0.05). The study found that the La Sota (GMT±SD: 6.71±4.96), La Sota (GMT±SD: 8.00±0.00) and thermostable I2 (GMT±SD: 7.60±6.02), vaccination schedules provided the maximum immune response in single eye instillation, whereas the HB1 (GMT±SD: 7.11±4.77), La Sota (GMT±SD: 7.83±5.76) and La Sota (GMT±SD: 7.60±6.02), combination was the second-best vaccination schedule in double eye instillation. Furthermore, maternally-derived antibodies were maintained up to 31 days of age, indicating the level of passive immunity prior to vaccination. Characteristic lesions, such as edematous and diphtheria mucosal membranes of the trachea, along with petechial and necrotic haemorrhages of the proventriculus, were observed during the necropsy of the birds that died from the challenged virus. This study suggests that subsequent live virus vaccine by ocular route immunization is required to effectively protect against velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease infection. The results also highlight the importance of developing effective vaccination schedules and routes to enhance immunity against ND in layer chickens.

Investigation of Ethanol gas sensing properties of pristine and Al doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by Sol-gel method

Pure and Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were prepared by using a simple Sol–gel method. Al contents were varied with 1 wt% and 3 wt% at a fixed concentration of pure ZnO. Synthesized samples were calcinated at 400 °C for 2 h. The results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm that the synthesized nanoparticles have a Hexagonal Wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles shows variation from 16 nm to 21 nm. Grain size and surface morphology were investigated with the help of a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Functional groups present in the prepared samples were analyzed by using Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The percentage response of the fabricated sensor, containing Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles, was examined with exposure to the toxic gas Ethanol. It was observed that percentage response changes due to various sensing parameters like response time and percentage response which, were calculated at 100 ppm and 200 ppm concentrations of toxic Ethanol gas. It was found that with an increase in Al concentration as well as Ethanol ppm level the percentage response of synthesized samples is increased. The maximum percentage response of 17.82 and 20.91 at 100 and 200 ppm with 3 wt% of Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles was observed respectively, which is greater than that of pure ZnO. Also, the same sample shows the lowest response time of 215 s and 120 s at 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively. Thus, aluminum doping enhanced the gas sensing response of pristine zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Vibration response characteristics of Jujube trees based on finite element method and structure-from-motion

It is an indispensable step to choose optimal vibration parameters in jujube fruits vibration harvesting. Excessive vibration frequency will cause jujube tree damage, otherwise, the separation of fruit and fruit stalk cannot be achieved, resulting in harvesting failure. In our work, finite element method and vibration tests are applied to find optimal vibration parameters. To improve the accuracy of finite element method, a low-cost 3D reconstruction method is proposed to build jujube tree model. Experimental result showed that the phenotypic information of the reconstructed jujube tree and the real jujube tree have a high similarity, and their determination coefficient R2 reach to 0.984. Moreover, the natural frequencies of jujube tree are analyzed by modal analysis, transient analysis is applied to analyze vibration transfer characteristics. The simulation and experimental results show that the optimal vibration frequency range of jujube tree is 25∼30 Hz, the optimal vibration excitation location is on the main trunk and as high as possible close to the secondary branches, which can obtain maximum vibration response for optimum harvesting efficiency. The average determination coefficient is 0.66 between test and simulation results at different frequencies. This study can provide references for accurate 3D modeling of jujube trees, selection of appropriate vibration parameter range and the development of jujube harvesting machinery.

A measure of the blink reflex to parametric variation of mechanical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve.

The primary goal of this study was to develop a parametric model that relates variation in stimulation of the trigeminal nerve to properties of the blink response. We measured blink responses in 17 healthy, adult participants to air puffs directed at the lateral canthus of the eye at five different, log-spaced intensities (3.5-60 PSI). Lid position over time was decomposed into amplitude and velocity components. We found that blink amplitude was systematically related to log stimulus intensity, with the relationship well described by a sigmoidal function. The parameters of the model fit correspond to the slope of the function and the stimulus intensity required to produce half of a maximal blink response (the half-response threshold). There was a reliable increase in the half-response threshold for the contralateral as compared to the ipsilateral blink response. This increase was consistent across participants despite substantial individual differences in the half-response threshold and slope parameters of the overall sensitivity function, suggesting that the laterality effect arises in the neural circuit subsequent to individual differences in sensitivity. Overall, we find that graded mechanical stimulation of the somatosensory trigeminal afferents elicits a graded response that is well described by a simple parametric model. We discuss the application of parametric measurements of the blink response to the detection of group differences in trigeminal sensitivity.

Self-powered α-GaOOH nanorod array/FTO photoelectrochemical photodetectors for solar-blind UV photodetection

We have grown α-GaOOH nanorod array/FTO structures with different precursor concentrations by hydrothermal processes without any seed layers. The optical bandgap is ∼5.1 eV, indicating their ability of solar-blind UV photodetection. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of α-GaOOH nanorod array/FTO photodetectors as photoanodes show self-powered solar-blind UV photodetection. Due to the similar width of depletion regions of α-GaOOH nanorod array/FTO PEC photodetectors with changing the precursor concentrations, the peak responsivity is nearly the same. And they also show the similar response time (decay processes) ranging from 0.061s to 0.072s. Compared with the reported bare α-GaOOH nanorod arrays or heterojunctions, the maximum responsivity of 0.29 mA/W at 245 nm is comparable. However, fast collection speed without block of these seed layers between nanorod arrays and FTO results in faster response speed of 0.012 s in this work. Therefore, this article provides basic research in realizing high-performance self-powered α-GaOOH PEC photodetectors without seed layers.

Effect of rapid/slow annealing routes on the magnetic and photoelectric properties of BiFeO3/CoFe2O4 multilayer thin films

With the development of electronic information technology, the miniaturization of lightweight devices and their integration have increased the requirements for materials, and two-dimensional composite multiferroic materials have become a major research hotspot in recent years. However, it is difficult for traditional solid multiferroic material to directly switch the magnetic/polarization direction under the action of an applied electric/magnetic field, limiting the improvement of the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient. In this study, a series of BiFeO3 (BFO)/CoFe2O4 (CFO) composite film multiferroic materials were prepared by changing the annealing routes and annealing atmosphere, the microstructure, ferroelectric properties, dielectric properties, photovoltaic properties, magnetic properties, and magnetoelectric coupling properties of composite films were routeatically studied. The results showed that under the slow annealing route, the composite film has obvious ellipsoidal grains with distinct grain boundaries and better crystallinity. Moreover, the performance of the film after annealing in different atmospheres of the slow annealing route was improved compared with that of the rapid annealing route after annealing in different atmospheres. Simultaneously, by changing the annealing atmosphere of the composite film, the film exhibited better magnetic optical properties and coupling properties after annealing in oxygen. In addition, this study showed that the dielectric constant and residual polarization value of the film increase under the action of magnetic field and illumination, and the maximum photomagnetic dielectric response (3.19%) and photomagnetic response (1.58%) are observed in the annealed film under the oxygen atmosphere of the slow annealing regime, indicating that the magnetoelectric coupling effect of the film is improved under the action of applied light.

Novel epoxy-bPBD-BisMSB composite plastic scintillator for alpha, beta and gamma radiation detection

A composite plastic scintillator is prepared by uniform dispersion of organic fluorophores 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (b-PBD) and 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl) benzene (Bis-MSB) in epoxy resin followed by curing at room temperature. The developed scintillator is strong blue emitter (425 nm), confirmed by 365 nm UV excited Photo luminescence and beta particle (90Sr-90Y) excited Radio-luminescence characterizations. The developed scintillator is highly transparent (~ 70%) to emitted light wavelength. Moreover, the scintillator’s blue emission is appropriate for photomultiplier tube (PMT) based scintillation measurement due to its maximum peak spectral response in blue region. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation detection were performed on PMT coupled scintillators of sizes Ø50 mm × 1 mm, Ø50 mm × 5 mm and Ø50 mm × 25 mm respectively. Pulse height spectra were recorded using 1 k Multichannel analyser (MCA) using various reference radiation sources. All scintillators demonstrated promising response to the respective radiations. Absolute detection efficiency of alpha scintillator is obtained as 32% (241Am), 86% of that of standard plastic scintillator EJ-212. Beta endpoint energy and gamma Compton edges showed linear variation w.r.t. corresponding channel numbers. Detection efficiency of beta and gamma scintillator is found to be 35.7% (90Sr-90Y) and 6.7% (136Cs) respectively. The developed scintillator has potential to be used for radioactivity contamination & gamma dose rate measurement applications.

High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors of Liquid Crystalline Organic Semiconductor by Laser Mapping Annealing.

Organic semiconductors (OSCs), especially small molecule semiconductors, have received increasing attention due to their good designability and variability. Phase transitions and interfacial properties have a decisive influence on device performance. Here, 2-Dodecyl-7-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-12) devices are treated with low-power laser annealing, which is able to avoid the influence of the dewetting effect on the hole mobility of organic semiconductor materials. Ultraviolet ozone treatment and self-assembled monolayer treatment can improve the performance and stability of the device. Moreover, after low-temperature thermal annealing, the hole mobility of the device can even reach as high as 4.80 cm2 V-1 s-1, and we tested the optical response of the device to the ultraviolet wavelength and found that its maximum optical responsivity was 8.2 AW-1.

CoFe2O4 on Mica Substrate as Flexible Ethanol Gas Sensor in Self-Heating Mode.

In this study, a novel flexible ethanol gas sensor was created by the deposition of a CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin film on a thin mica substrate using the pulsed laser deposition technique. Transition electron microscopy (TEM) investigations clearly demonstrated the successful growth of CFO on the mica, where a well-defined interface was observed. Ethanol gas-sensing studies showed optimal performance at 200 °C, with the highest response of 19.2 to 100 ppm ethanol. Operating the sensor in self-heating mode under 7 V applied voltage, which corresponds to a temperature of approximately 200 °C, produced a maximal response of 19.2 to 100 ppm ethanol. This aligned with the highest responses observed during testing at 200 °C, confirming the sensor's accuracy and sensitivity to ethanol under self-heating conditions. In addition, the sensor exhibited good selectivity to ethanol and excellent flexibility, maintaining its high performance after bending and tilting up to 5000 times. As this is the first report on flexible self-heated CFO gas sensors, we believe that this research holds great promise for the future development of high-quality sensors based on this approach.

Terahertz on-chip sensor based on Mach-Zehnder waveguide interferometer for selective recognition of reducing drug

The selective detection of biochemical substances with high sensitivity in the terahertz (THz) band has emerged as a prominent research area, attracting significant attention. Waveguide-on-chip detection of biochemical substances can effectively enhance the interaction between samples and waves, but there is a lack of reports in the THz band. In this work, a dual-channel metallic parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) is applied to creatively construct a THz Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of reducing drug on a chip. This sensor exhibits a strong numerical response of 0.75 THz/RIU, allowing for dynamic sensitivity adjustment through mechanically tuning structural parameters, and it is modified through in-situ growth of Prussian blue (PB) to achieve the selective detection of reducing drug. The experiments confirm that the designed sensor-on-chip possesses exceptional detection sensitivity for cysteamine, reaching an impressive maximum sensitivity of 0.09 GHz/nmol and a low limit of detection of 88 nmol. The modified chip exhibits selective detection of cysteamine, demonstrating a maximum response difference of 4.2 times compared to other configurations. Collectively, a pioneer validates the feasibility of the highly sensitive MZI chip in the THz regime and opens up new possibilities for advancing THz biochemical sensing.

Dynamic response characteristics and instability mechanism of layered surrounding rock tunnels affected by geostress under dynamic and static loads

Ensuring the safe excavation of layered surrounding rock tunnels requires a comprehension of the dynamic response characteristics and instability mechanism of the rock under dynamic and static loads. The impact of variations in geostress on tunnel stability is a concern that cannot be disregarded as long-distance tunnel construction continues to grow. This paper provides a detailed description of the maximum principal stress dynamic response and deformation characteristics of the tunnel's layered surrounding rock with the change of geostress under dynamic and static loads using model tests and numerical simulation methods. The effects of different loads, different geostress, different locations, and different failure modes on the maximum principal stress and displacement of the tunnel's layered surrounding rock are comparatively analyzed. A prediction model of the maximum principal stress and maximum displacement of the layered surrounding rock affected by geostress under the dynamic load is proposed by dimensional analysis. At last, based on the prediction model, the critical lateral pressure coefficient was obtained to be 0.74 and the maximum displacement of 12.98 mm appears at the left spandrel when the tunnel depth reaches the maximum of 963 m.

In situ mechanical response characteristics of Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit (ART) applied to semi-flexible asphalt pavements

Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit (ART), featuring multi-axles, high tire pressure, and complete channelization, leads to severe rutting on conventional asphalt pavements. Semi-flexible pavement materials (SFP) were applied to ART corridors to mitigate rutting. Mechanical response characteristics were obtained by embedding sensors to understand the interaction between ART and SFP. Results found that the damage of corridor pavement shifted from rutting to top-down transverse cracking after adopting SFP. Nonresidual longitudinal tensile strains primarily caused top-down transverse cracking. The compressive stress at the bottom of corridor pavement caused by ART is 41%, 36%, and 58% higher than that of the BUS, respectively, under the condition of constant speed, acceleration, and deceleration. The maximum strain response caused by ART under a high-temperature environment was ten times higher than that of buses. These findings can provide data support for numerical simulations, material failures, and structural damage of ART corridors. Highlights Mechanical responses of semi-flexible pavement materials influenced by Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit (ART) were first captured using sensors. ART with high tire pressure exhibits a multi-axial cumulative effect in high-temperature conditions, resulting in pavement strains that can be up to ten times those of buses. After adopting semi-flexible pavement, the damage in ART corridors shifted from rutting to top-down transverse cracking. Nonresidual longitudinal tensile strains are the underlying cause of top-down transverse cracking.

Models for the estimation of gust-buffeting response in symmetrical wind-sensitive structures

The peak factor is an analytical development for estimating the expected maximum response caused by aerodynamic forces on wind-sensitive structures. It expresses the likelihood of how above the mean is the maximum amplitude of a stationary process in terms of its standard deviation. Such a process represents the structural response of a wind-sensitive structure in conventional applications. The methods and solutions used to approximate it in the along-wind direction have become ordinary to structural engineers. Notwithstanding, the structural response in combined orthogonal directions is often omitted since a criterion for such an estimation is still absent. This communication seeks to contribute to fill the gap in practical criteria for estimating response maxima in symmetric structures. It is done by proposing models to estimate the parameters describing the probability distribution of the maxima from the Euclidean norm of two correlated Gaussian variables. Although the applications to structural engineering are emphasized, the proposed models apply to other problems where the maxima from the norm of two Gaussian variables is relevant.

Self-powered deep ultraviolet photodetector based on p-CuI/n-ZnGa2O4 heterojunction with high sensitivity and fast speed.

Self-powered deep ultraviolet photodetectors (DUV PDs) are essential in environmental monitoring, flame detection, missile guidance, aerospace, and other fields. A heterojunction photodetector based on p-CuI/n-ZnGa2O4 has been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition combined with vacuum thermal evaporation. Under 260 nm DUV light irradiation, the photodetector exhibits apparent self-powered performance with a maximum responsivity and specific detectivity of 2.75 mA/W and 1.10 × 1011 Jones at 0 V. The photodetector exhibits high repeatability and stability under 260 nm periodic illumination. The response and recovery time are 205 ms and 133 ms, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance self-powered DUV photodetectors.

Photo-Enhanced Lead-Free Antimony-Based perovskite triboelectric nanogenerator for Dual-Mode detector

In the current era of intelligence, a single-structure device that can effectively harvest ambient energy while simultaneously detecting multiple signals is highly desirable. However, most multifunctional devices face the struggle to design complex device architectures through integration. Herein, based on the excellent optoelectronic and dielectric properties of lead-free perovskite Cs3Sb2Cl3I6, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on perovskite Cs3Sb2Cl3I6 was proposed for both light and pressure detection. The output performance of the TENG is essentially linearly related to the applied external force. The voltage and current sensitivities within the range of 6.2 to 68.2 kPa are 0.989 V/kPa and 0.15 μA/kPa, while those within the range of 68.2 to 93 kPa are 0.141 V/kPa and 0.028 μA/kPa, respectively. Cs3Sb2Cl3I6 film generates photo-generated charges under illumination, which can increase the surface charge density. On this basis, the voltage, current, and power density of the TENG through the photo-enhancement effect are significantly increased by 13.4 %, 23.2 %, and 27.5 %, respectively. The mean maximal optical responsivity values of the light-controlled device are 42.87 V/W and 13.78 μA/W when light intensity is 20 mW/cm2. This will provide some ideas for the TENG to achieve multi-functionality.