Material Selection Method Research Articles

Study of hydrogen embrittlement in steels using modified pressurized disks

The integration of hydrogen into natural gas pipelines presents challenges due to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE), requiring critical material selection and testing methods. One such test is the Disk Pressure Test (DPT), which consists in pressurizing a clamped disk to failure. However, failure happens often at the clamping zone, making analysis difficult. This study aims to develop new disk geometries to control failure location while maintaining the test setup. Using two steel grades (a vintage X52 pipeline steel and a modern E355 modified steel with potential for pipeline use), new disk geometries were tested under helium and hydrogen at various pressure rise rates. Results show successful displacement of failure away from the clamping zones, demonstrating the effectiveness of the new geometries. Hydrogen embrittlement is demonstrated by comparing failure pressures under helium and hydrogen at various pressure rise rates. Using both material testing and simulation, this study provides insights into hydrogen embrittlement.

Material Selection and Design for Assembly Applied in the Development of an Energy Generating Device

This study used the Design for Assembly (DFA) and material selection methods as tools to aid the development of a conceptual design of a functional device to transform alternate movement into rotational movement on the axis of a microgenerator. Also, material selection software was used to define the most suitable thermoplastic materials for some components of the projected device, focusing both on performance and low cost. There was a considerable reduction in the number of parts in the set from the basic device (prototype), which had 47 parts, to the conceptual design I, with 34 parts, and the conceptual design II, with 14 parts. The total mass of the set was also considerably reduced, from 160 grams for the basic device to 57.01 grams in the conceptual design I and, finally, 18.30 grams in the conceptual design II. Of thermoplastic materials analysed, considering a selection focused only on performance the most promising candidate, with an ideal set of properties is PEEK. But for a selection that considers the price, that is one of the key variables in the materials selection for most products, PEEK shows is prohibitively price.

Biomass and Transparent Supramolecular Elastomers for Green Electronics Enabled by the Controlled Growth and Self-Assembly of Dynamic Polymer Networks.

Determining the optimal method for preparing supramolecular materials remains a profound challenge. This process requires a combination of renewable raw materials to create supramolecular materials with multiple functions and properties, including simple fabrication, sustainability, a dynamic nature, good toughness, and transparency. In this work, a strategy is presented for toughening supramolecular networks based on solid-phase chain extension. This toughening strategy is simple and environmentally friendly. In addition, a series of biobased elastomers are designed and prepared with adjustable performance characteristics. This strategy can significantly improve the transparency, tensile strength, and toughness of the synthesized elastomer. The synthesized biobased elastomers have great ductility, repairability, and recyclability, and they show good adhesion and dielectric properties. A biobased ionic skin is assembled from these biobased elastomers. Assembled ionic skin can sensitively detect external stimuli (such as stretching, bending, compression, or temperature changes) and monitor human movement. The conductive and dielectric layers of the biobased ionic skin are both obtained from renewable raw materials. This research provides novel molecular design approaches and material selection methods for promoting the development of green electronic devices and biobased elastomers.

A BP Neural Network Product Design Optimization Model Based on Emotional Design and Sustainable Product Design

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of emotional design and sustainable product design on user experience and satisfaction. Additionally, the study aims to optimize the combination efficiency and material selection methods of these two design approaches, extracting optimization parameters based on emotional and sustainable product design principles. By analyzing user satisfaction through questionnaires, various product indicators were examined. The study ultimately establishes a BP neural network optimization model by analyzing the design elements of different products and the satisfaction levels of various indicators. This BP neural network design optimization model, integrating emotional and sustainable design, demonstrates an accuracy rate of over 95% in predicting user satisfaction for different design schemes. Upon examining the emotional design and sustainable design parameter tables following data standardization, and analyzing various product models, it was concluded that the rate of change in each design parameter significantly impacts the satisfaction of each product indicator, highlighting the importance of these parameters in product design optimization.

Flexible self-powered triboelectric nanogenerator sensor for wind speed measurement driven by moving trains

Flexible self-powered sensors have been extensively applied to the Internet of Things, structural health monitoring (SHM), and intelligent transportation. It would be more demanding for the power supply to these sensors during the long-term maintenance of the rail transit system. The wind pressure/velocity generated by high-speed trains poses a substantial threat to safety of human, and new sensors without an external power supply should be developed to monitor wind pressure/velocity in the trackside. Flexible self-powered wind triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) sensor with a single-electrode mode based on conductive hydrogel is designed to wind pressure/velocity monitoring without power supply by harvesting wind energy. It is devoted the relationship between the output voltage of the sensors and the wind pressure/velocity driven by high-speed trains. Material selection and structural design methods are adopted to enhance the energy harvesting efficiency and sensing accuracy of self-powered W-TENG sensors. Open-circuit current of 2.8 μA and open-circuit voltage of 12 V are achieved, and the output voltage signal has the linear relationship with trackside wind pressure/velocity. Field tests are implemented to evaluate the performance of self-powered W-TENG sensors in wind pressure/velocity measurement caused by moving trains, providing an idea to SHM application in intelligent transmit systems.

Immersive VR experience based on virtual robots in decorative material environment design simulation

Virtual robot and immersive VR experiences provide consumers with new ways of perception in the design process of decorative material environments. This experiential process is virtual, intuitive, and entertaining, and is widely recognized by consumers.The purpose of this study is to improve the processing effect of virtual images of decorative materials by image denoising algorithm. In this paper, the image acquisition and modeling technology based on sensor network and image denoising algorithm are used to process the acquired image data, and the processed image is applied to the virtual system of decorative materials. Through the application of image denoising algorithm, the noise in the image is reduced, and the clarity and authenticity of the virtual image of decorative materials are improved. This makes it possible to select the best decoration scheme more accurately when comprehensive calculation is carried out from various aspects such as aesthetic and functional data, and provides a new feasibility and method for environmental design and decoration material selection. The research results demonstrate that the system can achieve virtual image processing in environmental decoration scene design, thereby improving the level of indoor environmental art design.

Recent advances in materials and manufacturing of implantable devices for continuous health monitoring

Implantable devices are vital in healthcare, enabling continuous monitoring, early disease detection, informed decision-making, enhanced outcomes, cost reduction, and chronic condition management. These devices provide real-time data, allowing proactive healthcare interventions, and contribute to overall improvements in patient care and quality of life. The success of implantable devices relies on the careful selection of materials and manufacturing methods. Recent materials research and manufacturing advancements have yielded implantable devices with enhanced biocompatibility, reliability, and functionality, benefiting human healthcare. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in implantable medical devices, emphasizing the importance of material selection and manufacturing methods, including biocompatibility, self-healing capabilities, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and conductivity. It explores various manufacturing techniques such as microfabrication, 3D printing, laser micromachining, electrospinning, screen printing, inkjet printing, and nanofabrication. The paper also discusses challenges and limitations in the field, including biocompatibility concerns, privacy and data security issues, and regulatory hurdles for implantable devices.

Lightweight design of multi-material body structure based on material selection method and implicit parametric modeling

Lightweight design of multi-material body structure based on material selection method and implicit parametric modeling

Experimental study on the updated optimization method for particle size distribution of lost circulation materials

The use of laboratory methods to simulate the process of plugging slurry sealing the fracture is an efficient and convenient method for Lost Circulation Materials (LCMs) selection and formula design. However, commonly used plugging evaluation devices have defects such as small-scale fractures and low reproducibility. To address these shortcomings, we applied a wellbore-fracture coupling plugging experimental device to simulate the process of plugging slurry extrusion. We processed a large-scale visualized fracture using Plexiglas based on the geometric parameters of the formation fracture, reproduced the undulation characteristics of the fracture surface using laser etching technology, and characterized the three-dimensional morphology characteristics of commonly used calcite, walnut shells, and flake polybutyl ester at the wellsite to carry out experiments on the transportation of LCMs under wellbore-fracture coupling conditions. The results indicate that the discrepancy between laboratory evaluation outcomes and field application practices, as well as the low success rate of single-attempt on-site plugging, can be primarily attributed to mouth sealing. The migration behavior of the LCMs is dictated by its morphological characteristics. A larger disparity among the three-axis diameters leads to increased irregularity in the LCM. Characterization of irregularity yielded the following results: walnut shell exhibits the highest irregularity, followed by flaky polybutene and calcite. Increased irregularity in the LCM corresponds to a heightened risk of mouth sealing. Entry into the fracture can only be guaranteed when the D90/Wf ratios for calcite, flaky polybutene, and walnut shell are less than or equal to 0.56, 0.42, and 0.39, respectively. The methods and findings presented in this study provide a scientific basis for selecting LCMs in fractured formations and explain the reasons for poor loss control and significant repetitive loss in wellsite practice.

Advances in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (µPADs): Design, Fabrication, and Applications.

Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (µPADs) have emerged as a new class of microfluidic systems, offering numerous advantages over traditional microfluidic chips. These advantages include simplicity, cost-effectiveness, stability, storability, disposability, and portability. As a result, various designs for different types of assays are developed and investigated. In recent years, µPADs are combined with conventional detection methods to enable rapid on-site detection, providing results comparable to expensive and sophisticated large-scale testing methods that require more time and skilled personnel. The application of µPAD techniques is extensive in environmental quality control/analysis, clinical diagnosis, and food safety testing, paving the way for on-site real-time diagnosis as a promising future development. This review focuses on the recent research advancements in the design, fabrication, material selection, and detection methods of µPADs. It provides a comprehensive understanding of their principles of operation, applications, and future development prospects.

A Novel Drone Design Based on a Reconfigurable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Wildfire Management

Our study introduces a new approach, leveraging robotics technology and remote sensing for multifaceted applications in forest and wildfire management. Presented in this paper is PULSAR, an innovative UAV with reconfigurable capabilities, able of operating as a quadcopter, a co-axial quadcopter, and a standalone octocopter. Tailored to diverse operational requirements, PULSAR accommodates multiple payloads, showcasing its adaptability and versatility. This paper meticulously details material selection and design methods, encompassing both initial and detailed design, while the electronics design section seamlessly integrates essential avionic components. The 3D drone layout design, accomplished using SOLIDWORKS, enhances understanding by showcasing all three different configurations of PULSAR’s structure. Serving a dual purpose, this study highlights UAV applications in forest and wildfire management, particularly in detailed forest mapping, edge computing, and cartographic product generation, as well as detection and tracking of elements, illustrating how a UAV can be a valuable tool. Following the analysis of applications, this paper presents the selection and integration of payloads onto the UAV. Simultaneously, each of the three distinct UAV configurations is matched with a specific forest application, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency. Lastly, computational validation of the UAV’s main components’ structural integrity is achieved through finite element analysis (FEA), affirming the absence of issues regarding stress and displacement. In conclusion, this research underscores the efficacy of PULSAR, marking a significant leap forward in applying robotics technology for wildfire science.

Some problems of research of the Yuan Dynasty copper red enamel porcelain (you’li-hong)

In the scholarly exploration of Chinese ceramic history, the Yuan Dynasty emerges as a pivotal era, distinguished by its remarkable advancements in porcelain artistry, culminating in the mastery of porcelain craft. This period is notably marked by the emergence and refinement of underglaze red porcelain, a quintessential embodiment of Yuan ceramic excellence. The inception of underglaze red porcelain, a technique entailing the application of copper-containing colorant to porcelain before overlaying it with a transparent glaze and firing at temperatures exceeding 1350°C in a reducing kiln atmosphere, is historically attributed to the Yuan Dynasty. This technique, which flourished subsequently during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, represents a significant evolution in ceramic art. Each Chinese dynasty contributed uniquely to the ceramic arts, with the Yuan Dynasty particularly enhancing the underglaze red porcelain technique during its middle and late periods, as evidenced by the sophisticated coloration in surviving artifacts. This study aims to thoroughly examine the underglaze red porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty, highlighting its artistic uniqueness and exceptional craftsmanship. The paper commences with an overview of the Yuan Dynasty’s historical context—its political, economic, and cultural landscape—setting the stage for a deeper understanding of the underglaze red porcelain’s development. This is followed by an exploration of the porcelain’s creation process, including material selection and firing methods, to underscore the intricacies of its craftsmanship. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the artistic and decorative elements of the underglaze red porcelain will be undertaken, focusing on aspects such as form, design motifs, and glaze hues, to unpack its stylistic and aesthetic dimensions. The culmination of this paper will be an evaluation of the historical significance and artistic merit of the Yuan Dynasty’s underglaze red porcelain, offering insights into its enduring legacy and influence on subsequent ceramic traditions. Through this comprehensive investigation, the study not only enriches our understanding of the Yuan Dynasty’s ceramic artistry but also underscores the importance of preserving and promoting traditional Chinese ceramic heritage. Additionally, it provides a foundation for further scholarly inquiry and conservation efforts in the realm of ancient Chinese ceramics.

Unlocking the potential of polymer 3D printed electronics: Challenges and solutions

The field of 3D printed electronics has been rapidly growing in recent years, with the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare, aerospace, and consumer electronics. Polymer 3D printing has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating electronic devices due to its versatility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully unlock the potential of polymer 3D printed electronics. This research paper discusses the current state of the art in this field, highlighting the current challenges and proposing potential solutions. These challenges include material selection, design considerations, printing techniques, and post-processing methods. In addition, the paper explores the limitations of existing polymer materials and presents recent advances in the development of new functional materials for 3D printing. Furthermore, the integration of various components and multi-material printing techniques are also discussed as key factors in advancing the capabilities of 3D printed electronics. Finally, this paper provides insights and recommendations for future research directions in order to fully realize the potential of polymer 3D printed electronics.

Fermenting Knits: A material-driven exploration of knit-based bacterial cellulose biocomposite textile materials through fibre reassembly

ABSTRACT Environmental concerns surrounding textile production have increased the need and interest in developing material innovations and interdisciplinary approaches to offset this ecological impact. Bacterial cellulose is present in several industries, and its biologically produced form has shown potential use within fashion. Within the emerging field of biodesign, research surrounding bacterial cellulose textiles generally focuses on the initial sheeted growth, while alternative outputs and working methods remain scarce. Here, fibre reassembly is analysed by fully integrating broken down BC fibres with knitted structures. Material selection and working methods take a practice-led approach to experiment formulation in order to observe material behaviour as central to development. This project aims to create biocomposite textiles that enhance the properties of bacterial cellulose and expand its designable characteristics through low-tech working methods accessible from designerly backgrounds. The results are intended to inform further research in footwear design contexts, as basis to develop BC-based components. Experimentation shows BC fibres reassembled around the knitted structures, varying according to yarn choice and fermenting environment alteration. This demonstrates potential for material and methodology development while exploring co-design with living organisms. In the context of future applications, BC-based composite textiles can self-assemble at different growth stages, offering the possibility of material-driven approaches to spaces intersecting biology and design.

Methods of Material Selection for Sustainable Urban Furniture

The research project presented in this paper intends to achieve tools that can be used by product designers to enable a more sustainable outcome in the designs of their products. The project is based on the principle that sustainable design, in addition to economic and environmental values, includes all other aspects related to sustainable development and aims to put this principle into a more practical and functional subject. This paper presents the impacts that materials and production have on the environment and based on a literature review, different characteristics of sustainability applied in the furniture design industries are identified. A further in-depth analysis was conducted by mapping the characteristics of the most important characteristics and implemented in the design process. This review is meaningful to help furniture designers to use appropriate and effective sustainability standards in product design and manufacturing.

A multi-criteria decision-making method for thermal insulation material selection in nZEB level questioned affordable multifamily housings

An affordable multifamily housing building archetype project was researched to improve the building envelope’s thermo-physical performance based on thermal insulation configurations to optimize the energy use, life-cycle cost, environmental impact, and thermal comfort with questioning nZEB concept. Five thermal insulation materials as extruded polystyrene (XPS), expanded polystyrene (EPS), rockwool (RW), glass wool (GW), and cellular glass (CG), were studied with four> attribute variations (thermal comfort, density, embodied carbon, and embodied energy) and five thickness variations (0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 m). A total of 100 alternative scenarios> were obtained for the decision-making process, with four performance criteria to be evaluated in terms of energy, cost, thermal comfort, and environmental impact. Equal weights method (EWM), weighted sum method (WSM), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were examined for the multi-criteria decision-making among 46 scenariosvel. The analysis beyond the cost-optimal energy efficiency level, which varies between 64.89 and 72.62 kWh/m2a for primary energy use with a potential 10% further reduction, ensures the European Commission’s recommendations that target 50–70 kWh/m2a of primary energy use for housings in the continental climate to achieve nZEB. The best scenarios cover significantly the XPS at the head due to lover investment costs, where RW, GW, and EPS are followed among the best 10 scenarios, respectively. Besides, AHP provides a more effective distribution of weighting factors than the WSM where the best scenarios of the AHP covers 12 cm thermal insulation alternatives by balancing the investment costs and energy efficiency levels. The paper provides insight into thermal insulation material selection while searching for the advantages and priorities of thermal insulation materials’ attributes beyond the cost-optimal energy efficiency level to reach the nZEB range.

Лимфома у кота

The purpose of this article is to raise the awareness of veterinary specialists in the field of treatment and prevention of lymphoma in cats, as well as to give an example of the effectiveness of treatment of lymphoma with chemotherapy, according to the modified CHOP protocol.
 The patient is an 11-month-old half-breed cat. The reason for going to the clinic: lameness for several days and serous discharge from the nose. X-ray examination, computed tomography, cytological analysis using the method of material selection using fine needle biopsy (TIAB), general and biochemical blood tests, rapid test for the presence of leukemia and immunodeficiency viruses (FIV AB/FeLV Ag) were used as methods of diagnosing the disease. The treatment was carried out from the age of 11 months to one year and nine months. The treatment protocol is given in details.
 The article provides a general information of feline lymphoma, describes its types and clinical picture, recommended treatment regimens and prognosis, provides information on the average life expectancy of cats with lymphoma with timely and prompt treatment.

Heterogeneous Microstructure Provides a Good Combination of Strength and Ductility in Duplex Stainless Steel

SAF2507 duplex stainless steel (DSS) is often used as a structural component in ocean-going vessels and marine petroleum exploitation equipment, which require superior mechanical properties. In this study, we used cold rolling (CR) at room temperature with 55% or 80% deformation amounts and subsequent annealing at 1273 K in 1 min to prepare SAF2507 samples with a heterogeneous structure (HS) that was composed of ferrite and austenite phases with different grain sizes. Compared with the homogeneous structure samples, the yield strength of the HS samples increased, while the ductility did not decrease. The 55%-1273 and 80%-1273 samples exhibited the hetero-zone boundary-affected regions on both sides of the grain boundary, phase boundary, and twin boundary. This resulted in hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strengthening and strain hardening of samples during tensile deformation, which improved the ultimate tensile strength of the HS samples while maintaining a good uniform elongation. In addition, the heterogeneous structure of DSS had better corrosion resistance than the initial sample of coarse grain (CG) structure; mainly because the HS samples had finer grains and more grain boundaries on the DSS surface than the CG structure, which is conducive to the formation of high-density passivation film on the surface of stainless steel. The current study provides a new method of material selection of some structural components with the demands of high strength and good ductility.

The material selection method for functional packaging of electromechanical products based on low carbon and cost constraint

Abstract Packaging is an important but easily overlooked part of the study of low-carbon lifecycle of electromechanical products, but with the significant growth of the express delivery business, the carbon emissions caused by packaging are increasingly noteworthy. In order to explore the carbon emissions of packaging lifecycle, the electromechanical products are used as the packaging object to discuss the connotation of functional packaging, low-carbon design boundary and research methods of packaging lifecycle and establish the calculation models of carbon footprint and cost of packaging lifecycle and the evaluation method of material selection. The case study of gasoline engines shows that material selection plays a decisive role in the packaging of electromechanical products based on low carbon and cost constraints.

A novel material selection method and application in an aqueous environment containing CO2, H2S, O2 and SO2

The corrosion in the aqueous environment of CO2–H2S–O2–SO2 is extremely severe, causing frequent failures of pipeline and posing a challenging issue for material selection. This paper drew on excellent standards and past experiences to provide a suitable method for selecting materials. The method consisted of four components: standard primary selection, corrosion evaluation selection, mechanical property selection, and economic final selection. A case study demonstrated that the applicable materials for the environment (total pressure of 1.5 MPa, temperature of 30–120 °C, H2S content of 0.1–1.5%, CO2 content of 8–55%, SO2 content of 0–0.00015% and O2 content of 1–3%) were composed of 2Cr13 or 316L. Additionally, the main control factors for corrosion rate were ranked as follows: O2 > H2S > temperature > CO2 > SO2. And a reduction in mechanical properties was observed for 2Cr13, 316L, and 825 after corrosion.