Master's Thesis Research Articles

ACCORDING TO THE MUHIMME BOOK NO. 62 THE PROVISIONISM AND PROHIBITED GOODS OF ISTANBUL (1587-1588)

Bu makale iki kısımdan müteşekkil olup ilk kısımda İstanbul’a iaşe (beslenme) temini ile iaşe temini sırasında yaşanan sıkıntılar üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci kısımda ise memnu meta (ihracı yasak mallar) konusu ele alınmıştır. Osmanlılar, ülke dâhilinde gereksinim duyulan ürünlerin temin edilmesi noktasında piyasayı çok sıkı bir biçimde takip etmişlerdir. Ayrıca temel tüketim maddelerinin kesintisiz bir biçimde karşılanması adına düzenli bir organizasyon tesis etmişlerdir. Bu organizasyon çerçevesinde, üretim bölgelerinin ihtiyaçları tam olarak karşılandıktan sonra ürünlerin kalan kısmı idari ve nüfus açısından ayrı bir konuma sahip olan İstanbul için ayırılmıştır. Ancak temel tüketim maddeleri başkente getirilirken zaman zaman bazı sorunlar yaşanmıştır. Bu sorunların arasında stokçuluk, karaborsacılık ve kaçak zahire ticareti başta gelmiştir. Devlet, memnu meta denilen ve yüksek kazanç peşinde koşan kimselerin stratejik açıdan önemli birtakım maddeleri yabancı tüccarlara kanunsuz bir şekilde satmalarını da yasaklamıştır. Yine devlet, teftişler icra edip bu yasaklara uymayan kimseleri şiddetle cezalandırmıştır. Makalede, özellikle 1587-1588 yıllarında Osmanlı Devleti’nin, İstanbul’a iaşe temin ederken ne gibi yollar izlediği ve hangi sorunlarla karşılaştığı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Brief Reports Prepared by Students and Graduates of Master of Science in Biobanking.

Brief Reports Prepared by Students and Graduates of Master of Science in Biobanking.

Self-care and spirituality in volunteer psychologists during the Covid-19 pandemic

This work is an integral part of a master's thesis whose objective was to unveil the perceptual experience and the meaning of life for volunteer psychologists who have served online amid the Covid-19 pandemic. In this qualitative study, the self-care of these professionals is approached in different ways, as it is a multidimensional and multifaceted concept involving areas and dimensions of personal and professional life. In the scenario of the current pandemic, with all its particularities, the self-care of psychologists contributes to the relief of stress, helping in their personal and professional life. This study was conducted to identify how volunteer psychologists had experienced their self-care in the face of the demands brought by their clients. The objective was to understand whether spirituality acts as a protective factor. A sample of 20 professionals, of which 90% were females, participated in the study. Self-care strategies were identified that proved effective in dealing with the exhaustion caused by clinical practice. The importance of using resources from the spiritual dimension was verified as a source of strength to live. Belief in God, and the help of prayer, offer confidence and support to overcome life's obstacles, especially in a period of social isolation.

‘Don't become so much high sounding’: Power dynamics in master's thesis viva

The viva is a crucial component of the master's thesis examination process. It offers students opportunities to defend their thesis and engage in scholarly dialogue with disciplinary experts. As the viva involves participants with unequal and hierarchical power relations, the possibility of a scholarly dialogue in the viva is primarily shaped by the positioning of the examiners in relation to the students. Although master's students writing a thesis outnumber those doing a PhD, the research on master's thesis viva is in the embryonic stage. This study set out to extend this research by examining ten master's thesis vivas at a comprehensive university in Nepal. The analysis of audio-recorded feedback sessions revealed that the vivas were primarily examiners' monologic and directive talk. There was little negotiation of power because the students contributed minimally to the dialogue. The examiners acted as custodians and gatekeepers of the discipline to ensure the reproduction of academic norms and conventions. The implications of the study for enhancing the effectiveness of the viva are provided.

Analysis of Graduation Thesis for Master's Degree in English Translation

In 2007, in order to meet the development needs of socialist modernization, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education approved the establishment of Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI) in China to cultivate advanced translators with professional interpretation and translation capabilities. Today, more than 200 colleges and universities have set up this major, which has cultivated a large number of translation talents for the society. This paper takes the recent five years of Guangxi University of Science and Technology's English translation master's degree thesis as the research object, and conducts analysis from the aspects of topic selection, theory, and case analysis. The research found that these papers have problems such as too simple topic selection, insufficient Chinese-English translation, insufficient integration of theory and practice, and insufficient case analysis. In order to solve the above-mentioned series of problems, corresponding measures can be taken from the three aspects of tutors, schools and students to improve the writing quality of students' dissertations.

TÜRKİYEDE DERS İMECESİ MODELİ KULLANILARAK YAPILAN LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLER ÜZERİNE BİR META SENTEZ ÇALIŞMASI

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişim kavramı olan ders imecesi (Lesson Study) modeliyle ilgili Türkiye’de yapılan lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının mevcut durumunu çalışma sonuçlarından hareketle ortaya koymaktır. Ders imecesi mesleki gelişim modeli kapsamındaki lisansüstü tezler ‘‘ders imecesi’’, ‘‘ders araştırması’’ ve ‘‘lesson study’’ anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında taranmıştır. Belirtilen anahtar kelimelerle toplam 36 lisansüstü tez çalışması tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma kriterlerini karşılayan, 2012-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış 22 doktora ve 8 yüksek lisans tez çalışması araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmaya dâhil edilen çalışmaların sonuçları meta sentez tekniği kullanılarak içerik analiziyle analiz edilmiştir. Meta-sentez çalışmaları aynı konuda yapılan nitel araştırmaların yine nitel bir anlayış doğrultusunda ele alınmasını, benzer ve farklı yönlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konmasını içermektedir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, imece toplantılarında üzerinde konuşulan konular, ders imecesinde yaşanan zorluklar, ders imecesinin katkıları ve ders imecesine dair öneriler olmak üzere dört boyut ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkarılan bulguların bir mesleki gelişim modeli olan ders imecesi alanında çalışma yürütecek araştırmacılara kapsamlı bir kaynak olması ve geniş bir bakış açısı kazandırması bakımından büyük kolaylık sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Dénouement: A Subjective Reflection on Death, Loss and Grief through Animation Practice

Death, a universal human experience, has been represented and understood in numerous ways throughout time and across cultures. Dénouement is a practice-based research project that engages with the emotionally fraught and complex experience of losing a loved one. The research positions the medium of hand-drawn animation as rich territory for exploring visual expressions of the internal, psychological, and abstract dialogue when grieving. As a personal reflection of in-articulable feelings, the aim is not to show the world as it is but as it is travelled through psychologically.
 The final short film underpins the practitioner’s passion for drawing the world (as they see it), moving it in time and moving those who view the work, emotionally.
 This article is a reflective dénouement of the author's Master's journey. The full Master's thesis can be accessed here: https://openrepository.aut.ac.nz/handle/10292/15296
 

Teachers' perceptions about the integrated curriculum at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN)

This research had its origin in studies undertaken in two Master's dissertations. It aimed to identify the perception of teachers about the integrated curriculum in the context of IFRN, through five categories of analysis, namely: a) conception of IP in the dissertations analyzed; b) relationship between IP and EMI; c) interdisciplinarity; d) relationship between IP and human formation; and e) challenges or limitations in the development of IP. The research was based on the following questions: how do the actors involved conceive IP? what are the contributions of IP for the materialization of the Integrated Curriculum in IFRN, and which challenges in the context of IP need to be overcome? The methodology used had a qualitative approach, supported by a bibliographic review, for covering the literature already made public regarding the production of the dissertations. In the theoretical composition, we operated with the support proposed by authors such as Imbernón (2011), Pena (2011), Silva (2014), Fazenda (2014), Henrique and Nascimento (2015), Pacheco, (2015), Santos and Souza (2021), among others. The results found pointed out that the two dissertations analyzed allow a reflection about the practices of the integrated curriculum. The limitations presented in these studies suggest the possibility of changes in teaching-learning practices to strengthen interdisciplinarity and form a subject that thinks and acts beyond the labor market.

Queer fish and its scales: A film-critical analysis in communication research

This article derives from the author's master's thesis and presents the results of the cinematographic analysis-criticism of the film “Peixe”. The objective is to investigate how its visual, significance and symbolic layers configure it as a communicative tool of resistance to heteronorms. As the scales of the animal that from a distance seem integrated to its silhouette, but with an approximate look reveal its dimensions, the layers of investigation on the cinematographic work intend to reveal what at first sight is understood as a reflection of a single source through a look attentive to its various surfaces of meanings.

Probable signature whistle production in Atlantic white‐sided (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and short‐beaked common (Delphinus delphis) dolphins near Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Probable signature whistle production in Atlantic white‐sided (<i>Lagenorhynchus acutus</i>) and short‐beaked common (<i>Delphinus delphis</i>) dolphins near Cape Cod, Massachusetts

How long-term hazard assessment may help to anticipate volcanic eruptions: The case of La Palma eruption 2021 (Canary Islands)

Long-term hazard assessment is an essential action that should be undertaken at all active volcanoes and/or volcanic areas as an indispensable contribution to reduce volcanic risk. It allows anticipating new eruptions responding to two of the main questions of volcano forecasting: where and how the next eruption will be. In the case of the Canary Islands, an active volcanic region that receives millions of visitors every year, and which has been recently severely impacted by a small size eruption on the island of La Palma in 2021, a systematic long-term hazard assessment is still pending, despite this being foreseen in its management plan to face volcanic threats. An essential basic long-term volcanic hazard assessment, conducted six years before this last eruption, was able to anticipate the location of the new vents and the eruptive style, including the extent of its main potential hazards. This long-term research was developed in the frame of a Master thesis, which was aimed at justifying the viability of a particular systematic long-term volcanic assessment methodology to be applied to the Canary Islands and elsewhere. Despite this particular study was not used to manage the La Palma 2021 eruption, it demonstrates how beneficial such studies may be to forecast new eruptions and to reduce their associated risk, and represents a new contribution to develop adequate territorial and management planning where we provide a qualitative hazard map for the Island of La Palma.

Understanding urban sustainability from Mode 2 Science and transdisciplinary education: how Master Thesis Ateliers of the Ghent Stadsacademie tackle wicked issues.

The wicked sustainability problems that we are increasingly facing not only require new ways of knowledge production, but also challenge our traditional educational system. More and more importance is attached to educational practices and experiments focusing on transdisciplinary problem framing, a pluralistic search for solutions and active collaboration with various stakeholders throughout society. The aim of this article is to investigate how an inter- and transdisciplinary setting in which students develop master theses can contribute to learning about a specific urban problem and what challenges this transdisciplinary education entails. Starting from relevant theoretical and analytical frameworks, such as Mode 2 Science (Nowotny et al. 2005) and the three-phase model of Lang et al. (2012), we first outline the philosophy and approach of the general setting: the Stadsacademie, a collective learning platform or ‘collaboratory’ to explore and investigate wicked problems perceived in the city of Ghent (Belgium). To provide more in-depth and refined insights, we focus on an exemplary activity of the Stadsacademie: the Master Thesis Ateliers ‘Diversity in Social Housing’. A Master Thesis Atelier (MTA) is a collaborative trajectory of one academic year in which 4 to 8 master students and their supervisors from different disciplinary backgrounds concentrate on one specific urban problem and collaborate with non-academic actors aiming to explore and to impact upon that issue. We conclude this article with overall reflections and suggestions for transdisciplinary approaches within educational practices to tackle wicked sustainability issues.

Deliryum yönetiminde farmakolojik olmayan hemşirelik yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, ulusal ve uluslararası hemşirelik alanında yayımlanan lisansüstü tezlerde, deliryum yönetiminde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan hemşirelik yaklaşımlarının incelenerek kanıt temelli hemşirelik girişimlerine katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ulusal alandaki incelemelerde Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Başkanlığı ulusal tez merkezi (YÖK tez merkezi) ve uluslararası alandakinde Proquest (Dissertations &amp;amp; Theses Global‎) veri tabanından 1 Ocak 2016- 11 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan tezler taranmıştır. Taramalar Türkçe’de; deliryum, farmakolojik olmayan girişimler, önleme ve hemşirelik bakımı, İngilizce’de; delirium, non-pharmacological interventions, prevention ve nursing care kelimeleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Raporlama özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde PRISMA 2020 Kontrol Listesi kullanılmıştır. Proquest’te 2456, YÖK tez merkezinde 345 olmak üzere toplam 2801 lisansüstü tezin başlığında anahtar kelimelerin geçtiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, başlık, özet ve tam metine göre yapılan seçimlerden sonra 10 tez üzerinde karar verilmiştir. Bulgular: Lisansüstü tezlerin %70’i (n=7) doktora, %30’u (n=3) yüksek lisans tezidir. Doktora tezlerinin %85.7’si (n=6) uluslararası, %14.3’ü (n=1) ulusal literatüre aittir. Yüksek lisans tezlerinin %66.7’si (n=2) ulusal, %33.3’ü (n=1) uluslararası literatüre aittir. Bir yüksek lisans tezinde çevre düzenlemesi ile deliryumun önlenebileceği ortaya konmuştur. Uluslararası bir yüksek lisans tezinde uyku hijyeni kontrol listesinin kullanılmasının deliryumu azaltacağına yönelik bulgular mevcuttur. Doktora tezlerinde deliryum tanımlama araçları ile ilgili hemşirelere verilen eğitimler sonucunda hasta deliryum insidansında azalma yaşandığına dair verilere ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç: Ulusal ve uluslararası lisansüstü tezlerde deliryum yönetiminde farmakolojik olmayan hemşirelik girişimlerine kanıt düzeyinde bilgi sağlayacağı ve bu konudaki yapılacak ilerideki araştırmalara veri tabanı oluşturacağı öngörülmektedir.

Sports management research: analysis of scientific development in Portugal (2008-2017)

Scientific research in the field of sports management and its respective academic improvement has been pointed out and recognised by several authors as the path to follow for a better understanding of its importance in the global development of sport, as well as in the improvement of academic curricula and skills of sports managers. This study aims to analyse the scientific and academic production of three Portuguese public universities, being this the main source and origin of the knowledge generated over the last decades. Methodologically, we analysed 193 master dissertations successfully completed between 2008 and 2017 available in institutional scientific repositories, as well as in the national library. The results point to a growth of scientific knowledge in Portugal, validated by the considerable evolution in the number of completed works in distinct areas in sports management, mainly in the scope of planning and strategy, human resources and sociological aspects, which helps to reinforce its multidisciplinary and differentiating character. The data obtained allow us to expose a considerable part of the knowledge produced in Portugal, thus contributing to the strengthening of some areas and future research in sports management, given that it is crucial to aggregate the existing knowledge by enhancing new paths and future opportunities. We conclude that research in Portugal reflects the global growth of scientific knowledge and the increasing interest in sports management, both at qualitative and quantitative levels, while also following international concerns and trends.

Insights into taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of Cerrado endophytic fungi: a review exploring an unique Brazilian biome and methodological limitations.

Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil, and it is known for harboring a wide variety of endemic plant and microbial species, among which are endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are microorganisms capable of colonizing the interior of plant tissues without causing disease in host plants. Especially in the Cerrado biome, this group of microorganisms is still poorly studied and information on species estimation, ecological and evolutionary importance is not accurate and remains unknown. Also, it is extremely important to emphasize that great part of studies available on Cerrado endophytic fungi are national literature, including master's dissertations, course conclusion works or unpublished doctoral theses. The majority of these studies has highlighted that the endemic plant species are an important habitat for fungal endophytes, and new species have increasingly been described. Due to the lack of international literature on Cerrado endophytic fungi, the present review brings a bibliographic survey on taxonomic diversity and bioprospecting potential of fungal endophytes from a unique environment. This review also emphasizes the importance of studying Brazilian endophytic fungi from Cerrado as a source of new technologies (biofertilizer and biocontroller), since they are secondary metabolite-producing organisms with different biological activities for biotechnological, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.

ENGLISH LEXICAL BUNDLES IN THE GRADUATE THESES: THE FREQUENCY, STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION

Lexical bundles are one of the important characteristics of academic discourse which tell readers to know whether the writer is professional or novice. Inevitably, studies on lexical bundles in scientific essays are important to do. This study identifies the most frequent, structural characteristics, and the functional categorization of lexical bundles in the Master Theses in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL), specifically in the Findings and Discussion section. There were 651.083 words from 74 different theses compiled to create the corpus by using Antconc 3.5.8. The results found 117 different lexical bundles and the sequences ‘the result of the’ and ‘on the other hand’ dominate the section. Noun phrase + of structure which covers one third of overall forms in the corpus were the most lexical bundles’ structural types in the findings and discussion section followed by other noun phrase structures (22% out of overall bundles). Functionally, research-oriented bundles (45% of overall bundles) were the most frequent ones followed by text-oriented (40%) and the least frequent bundles were participant-oriented. Reported findings are further discussed with related theories.

Achieving reading comprehension through integrated vocabulary instruction

Reading and vocabulary have long been considered an intrinsic connection to help students acquire the language, but the literature suggests vocabulary as a pivotal feature to guarantee reading comprehension. This research study from a master's dissertation tried to explain the gains and perceptions of integrated vocabulary instruction on reading comprehension performance. To accomplish the aim of the study, sixty-six A1 EFL students from a rural public school in their first baccalaureate year were selected and assigned into two groups (traditional and integrated). All participants took part in eight reading lessons with their designated vocabulary instruction. After each class, they took a reading comprehension test based on literal comprehension questions. Moreover, at the end of the research, the perceptions of the experimental group (integrated instruction) were gathered. After analyzing the data, this study found that integrated vocabulary instruction can lead to higher reading comprehension achievement at a beginner level of proficiency. Moreover, this research proposes an extensive study on the benefits of integrated instruction when working with upper proficiency levels.

A Study on Muḥammad Hādī Maʿrifat’s Modern Shīʿa Tafsīr History Book al-Tafsīr wa-l-Mufassirūn

Muḥammad Hādī Ma‘rifat (d. 2006) is one of the leading figures of the modern tafsīr literature. His work on the history of tafsīr is a seminal one. In this study, we aimed to introduce his work, al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn, with its different aspects and to reveal the S̲hīʿa’s perspective of the history of tafsīr, based on Muhammad Hādī. First, we read the aforementioned work and the studies on it. We examined the sources and other books that Muhammad Hādī frequently used. We found that, as noted by himself, Muhammad Hādī wrote his book entitled al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn to correct the inaccurate information and to overcome the deficiencies in the book entitled al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn by Muhammad Husayn Dhahabī (d. 1977) about Shīʿa tafsīrs and commentators. Therefore, we examined Muhammad Hādī’s work called al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn in comparison with Dhahabī’s work with the same title. We discovered that both Maʿrifat and Dhahabī introduced fifty-three prominent figures in the field of tafsīr and thirty-four tafsīr books, while Maʿrifat introduced an extra of one hundred and twelve prominent figures and fifty-two tafsīr books. We concluded that Muhammad Hādī presented many Ahl al-sunnah and Shīʿa tafsīrs from the perspective of Shīʿa, used a rich classification system when introducing the tafsīrs, extensively used the basic resources of Ahl al-sunnah and Shīʿa but failed to pay due attention to the promotion of some tafsīrs. We also found that, although Maʿrifat criticized Dhahabī on some issues, he benefited a lot from him while introducing many tafsīrs and commentators. Moreover, he based his loyalty on Ahl al-bayt and Ali b. Ebī Talib; he acted with sectarian concerns while introducing some tafsīr and commentators and did not act too biased on the issues he addressed. As a result, he produced a valuable research study. We concluded that the Maʿrifat’s work is beneficial for research on Persian and Shīʿa tafsīr studies and is a sourcebook that can pioneer various research studies and theses on the history of tafsīr. * This study was prepared using my master's thesis entitled Muhammad Husayn Dhahabi and Muhammed Hādī Marifat's Views of the Mufassirs and Tafsīr Books in Their Work Called al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn, which I completed in 2021 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Muammer Erbaş.

Türkiye Türkçesinde Bağlılık Kategorisinde Bağımlı Biçimbirimlerin Morfosemantiği Üzerine

In this study, the thesis was defended that nominal derivational morphemes, which are considered incumbent structures, work as meaning complements, and the findings supporting the subject are discussed in the "Loyalty Category". In this respect, the study is important in terms of determining the connections between morphology and semantics, taking into account the semantic properties of nominal derivational morphemes, and creating a holistic perspective. It is also innovative in that it offers morphosemantic classification. In the research, the stratified sampling method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and words with nominal derivational morphemes that make nouns from nouns were determined as a sample in the "Turkish Dictionary" published by the Turkish Language Institution in 2011. The "Loyalty Category" was created based on the lexemes determined by scanning the Turkish Dictionary and the nominal derivational morphemes corresponding to these words. "Loyalty Category" was created over the nominal derivational morphemes corresponding to the substantives. "Loyalty" means "1. a. The state of being attached, the affiliation 2. a. To show and show closeness to someone with love, respect, loyalty." (TS: 232). When we look at the lexemes determined in the loyalty category, it is seen that the category is wider than the dictionary meaning, and it is observed that the category is formed with some nominal derivational morphemes. However, even if they take the same morpheme, the meaning between the lexemes is different. For example, although the words Turkish, traditionalist, pacifist, hometown, associationist, and pretentious have taken the +CI morpheme, each one is different from the other in terms of the meaning category they refer to. Considering these differences, the "Loyalty Category" is divided into seven sub-categories: Pointing to Devotion to Doctrine, Pointing To Be Dependent, Pointing To Be Pro, Pointing Target, Pointing To Be A Member, Pointing To Be A Representative, Pointing to Suffering. The morphemes that form the loyalty category by being added to the words have been determined as follows: +CI, +CIl, +dAş, +lI, +lIk. In the research, it has been seen that nominal derivational morphemes that make nouns from nouns form certain meaning categories in the words they are added to. These categories can be grouped under a general title, or it has been determined that they are divided into sub-meaning categories with a more detailed examination. Thus, it is thought that nominal derivational morphemes should be evaluated not as meaningless structures but as structures that establish meaning. * This study is extracted from the master thesis entitled "Morphosemantic Analysis of Dependent Morphemes Making Nouns in Turkey Turkish" supervised by Prof. Dr. Funda Toprak (Ankara: Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ph.D. Thesis, 2022).

Drawings by architect Ahmet Hadrovic

As the Author has been constantly working in various fields of architecture since his student days (1976-1980) (designed, wrote professional and scientific papers, wrote books, managed the work of the faculty...), over time a large number of drawings, paintings... Most of the drawings presented in this work by the author in the period from 1983 to 1987. The author presented the drawings edited in 1983 to the public through an author's exhibition entitled 'Postcards of summer 1983', which was organized in the exhibition hall of the (then) Labor University „Đuro Đaković“ in Sarajevo, as part of the cultural promotion of Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on the occasion of the XIV Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. As these drawings were used for illustrations in the spatialist (1985) and master's (1986) thesis as well as in the doctoral dissertation (1988), the Author worked with emphasized precision and their documentary nature, but 'cleaned of excess details'. In this way, the Author established a deep relationship with the artifacts on the spot, got to know them better and more or less 'remembered them for all time', which is not the case with the making of photographs. An incomparably greater number of drawings and paintings, with which the Author spoke about architecture, 'scattered over time'. This work is the connective tissue that connects most of the books and architectural projects that the Author has done so far.