Marketing Of Medicinal Plants Research Articles

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Market in Hatay Province and Development Opportunities

Hatay province has a rich ecosystem that medicinal and aromatic plants grow naturally all across the province. There are about 2.000 flowery plants in the vegetative pattern of the province, and it is around 300 of them are endemic plants. The main purpose of this study was to present the production and processing structure of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) which are commonly traded in the Hatay Province of Turkey. In addition, it was aimed to examine the problems of the sector in the Province, and to bring solutions about those problems. According to the research results: in Hatay Province, MAPs are mostly collected from nature; in terms of local processing enterprises, there are problems about obtaining sufficient raw materials; and spice plants are marketed as semi-processed to the other districts. There is a lack of producer organization of MAPs in the region. In order to improve MAPs industry in the province, it is necessary to establish a MAPs coordination and management unit where all shareholders are represented. It should be focused on: extending MAPs cultivation, providing subsidies for producers and processing enterprises, developing effective marketing and publicity strategies for target markets, and establishing a MAPs research institution.

The existence of traditional medicinal plants in megapolitan city communities

The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze people’s perceptions of medicinal plants in Medan seen from personal factors, group influence factor, cultural factor, cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants in Medan. The population was all people of Medan who used traditional medicinal plants that were randomly selected to be used as research samples. Primary data were obtained using a questionnaire and using a Likert Scale analysis tool and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS software. The results showed that people’s perception of traditional medicinal plants in the city of Medan was positive. All factors that support people’s perception of medicinal plants are proven to be accepted and approved. People of Medan believe in medicinal plants in curing various diseases and increasing body immunity. This has an impact on the use of home yards and agricultural land as a location for the cultivation of traditional medicinal plants, as well as selling to various districts in the Province of North Sumatra.

Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm.: An Alternative Source of Natural Linalool

The present study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil in fresh leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. The leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation, and the oil extracted was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer (GC–MS). The essential oil comprises 15 components accounting for 100% of the oil. The GC–MS analysis of essential oil showed that L-linalool (66.85%) was the major component followed by cinnamaldehyde (14.62%). The other components were β-terpinyl acetate (4.49%) and 2-propen-1-ol, 3-phenyl-, acetate (4.51%). Linalool is in high demand for its use in fragrance and flavor industries. Facilitation of cultivation and marketing of medicinal plants in the Uttarakhand state by government and high demand of natural linalool by pharmaceutical industries and higher concentration of linalool content in C. tamala essential oil grown in Uttarakhand create an opportunity for the state to emerge as a resource center for the production of natural L-linalool and to get monetary benefits from it.

Economical assessment of medicinal plants market concentration and monopolization level in Ukraine

The article presents a study of today’s market of medicinal plants in Ukraine. It was discovered that the world’s demand for both medicinal plants and herbal medicines is rapidly growing.Today production of medicinal plants is a promising and profitable activity. The purpose of the article is to research the level of concentration and to determine the leading medicinal plant growers in Ukraine, as well as to assess risks of collective monopolization of Ukrainian medicinal plants market. Object of the research –a pool of enterprises-producers of medicinal plants in Ukraine, according to official statistics. The assessment of medicinal plants market concentration was carried out using the following coefficients (indices): concentrationratio, Linda Index, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, relative concentration, entropy index, market share dispersion among leading firms, variation index, Gini index, Hall-Tideman index. In order to clearly demonstrate the level of uneven distribution of medicinal plants in the market between the leading producers Lorenz Curvewas built. The assessment of Ukrainian medicinal plants market concentration and monopolization showed the signs of limited oligopolypresence. The analysis of oligopolynucleus dispersity, which determines the ratio between the sizesof individual firmscomposing it, showed the uneven distribution of market shares between enterprises-competitors. Further detailed research of the medicinal plants market will make an important contribution tothe market strategy development of this sphere in Ukraine.

WOMEN’S ROLE IN THE MEDICINAL PLANTS MARKET IN THE TAMU OF WEST COAST, SABAH

This paper aims to describe women’s roles in medicinal plants market in the tamu (local market). This paper is based on the results of a case study which was conducted in some selected tamu in west coast, Sabah. Data has been collected via survey with 84 women vendors. Finding has listed five main roles including selling medicinal plant, supply sources, cultivating medicinal plants, provide knowledge and enhancing knowledge. While, the average mean score is 3.73, which is indicate that the role of women in the medicinal plants market is positive.

YIELD OF CHAMOMILE MEDICINAL DEPENDING ON SOWING DATE AND FERTILIZING IN TERMS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

On the market of medicinal plants of Ukraine there is a deficiency of chamomile. Increasing its production and obtaining profits from the sale of medicinal raw materials is possible through the use of new breeding practices and adaptive technologies for growing this crop in the context of global climate change. The conducted scientific researches in different regions of our country and abroad show that the yield of chamomile and the content of biologically active substances in it depend on genetic features of a variety, type of soil, climatic factors, dates and methods of sowing, fertilization, etc. The purpose of our research was to establish the regularities of the formation of the Perlyna Lisostepu chamomile variety yield, depending on the elements of the technology of cultivation in the agroecological conditions of Pollyssya, where this question is not sufficiently studied. We have found that the autumn sowing of this culture has significantly higher yields than spring sowing. This is due to the fact that culture has a larger vegetation period, and therefore it is better to assimilate fertilizers in post-sowing period, and at the time of spring regrowth, it is rapidly increasing the weight and gaining superiority over weeds. The yield of raw mass of flowers varies from 0.7 to 1.4 t/ha depending on the fertilizer, and the dry mass, respectively, from 0.3 to 0.7 t/ha. The best weather conditions in the period of sowing and the formation of generative organs of chamomile plants were in 2018. During the autumn sowing season (September) there was more heat. The average monthly air temperature in April, May and June significantly exceeded the average multi-year norm. On average, over two years of research, the maximum yield of crude mass of chamomile flowers was 1.3 t/ha and dry mass of 0.65 t/ha was obtained with the addition of N16P16K16 (to the main fertilizer). Chamomile plants respond well to the N10 foliar feeding which provided 1.2 t/ha and 0.6 t/ha of raw material. During spring sowing, the yield was in the range of 0.5-1.1 t/ha of raw mass and, respectively, 0.2-0.6 t/ha of dry mass of flowers. Fertilized options were not inferior to each other in yield of medicinal raw material. Application of fertilizers according to the experimental scheme increased the yield of finished medicinal raw materials by 0,1-0,3 t/ha

Developing a protocol for the isolation of high quality DNA from carbohydrate rich medicinal plant for molecular identification

There is an increasing international market for medicinal plants, which are used both for herbal medicine and for pharmaceutical products. For rapid and accurate identification of plants DNA barcoding is most authentic tool. The aim of this study is first optimize a method for the genomic DNA isolation from non-identified, carbohydrate rich, plant leaf tissues. Than do the DNA barcoding by using the ITS 2 as a potential molecular marker. In this study we first optimize a method for the genomic DNA isolation from non identified, carbohydrate rich, plant leaf tissues. For the optimization of DNA isolation method different combination and permutation were done at different stages of the DNA isolation. Further, the genomic DNA was utilized as a template for the amplification and sequencing of ITS2 region. BLAST search was performed against GenBank database by using annoted ITS2 region as sample query. We found very high yield around 123 µg per gram of leaf samples and the ratio at 260/280 nm found to be 1.82. Hence the yield as well as quality of the DNA was very good. Two PCR products of 419 and 390 bp were amplified by using ITS2F1, ITS2F2 as forward and ITS2R as reverse primers respectively. In annotation out of 419, 228 bp sequences were annotated as ITS2 for this plant in blast search it shows close resemblance to the plants of plantaginaceae in the order lamiales. In herbarium identification the plant was identified as Anisochilus carnosus (Lf) which belongs to Lamiaceae family in the order lamiales.

Conjuncture trends of the medicinal plants market in Ukraine and worldwide

Conjuncture trends of the medicinal plants market in Ukraine and worldwide

Evaluation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Market in Hatay Province and Socio-Economic Analysis of Aktar’s

Günümüzde modern tıp ne kadar gelişirse gelişsin bitkisel tedavi yöntemleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Bunun için de genellikle yerleşim bölgelerinde bulunan “Baharatçı Dükkanı” ya da “Aktar dükkanı” olarak adlandırılan yerlerden hastalıkların tedavisi için tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler alınmaktadır. Bitkisel tedavinin yaygın olarak kullanılmasında bu işin ticaretini yapan aktarlar önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Hatay ili Antakya merkezindeki aktarlarda satılan tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin değerlendirilmesi ve aktarların sosyo-ekononil analizlerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, aktarların sosyo- ekonomik analizi, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin kullanım yöntemleri değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Bununla birlikte ürünlerin muhafaza şekilleri, satış miktarları değerlendirilmiştir. Aktarların %89’unun erkek, %47’sinin 40 yaş üzeri ve %39’nun lise mezunu olduğu, %84’ü mesleği ustasından veya babasından öğrendiğini ve %88’inin iş deneyimi 6 yıl ve daha fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Aktarlardan elde edilen bulgulara göre oğul otu (%89), mercan köşk (%87) zerdaçal (%82) daha çok tedavi amaçlı kullanılırken, yaban mersini (%69), böğürtlen (%64), reyhan (%47) gıda olarak kullanılmaktadır. Baharat olarak daha çok defne bitkisi (%40), çörek otu (%38) kullanılırken, kozmetik sektöründe daha çok avakado yaprağı (%25), karaçalı (%17) ve rezene (%10) kullanılmaktadır.

Determination of Scientific Name of Bitter “Qust”: an Important Controversial Plant Source in the Iranian Medicinal Plants Market for Neurological Complications

Background and objectives: Traditional medicine could provide a hopeful area of research to mitigate the suffering of patients. “Qust” is one of the medicinal plants that are mentioned in Persian Medicine (PM) for treatment of neurological diseases. There is diversity within the scientific name of “Qust” in different references. Some have introduced Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. (Asteraceae), while others have presented Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. (Costaceae) as “Qust”. Since “Qust” is not endemic in Iran, there is difficulty to access to the whole plant for its identification. Hence, this study has aimed to identify available bitter “Qust” which is composed of roots of the plant in the Iranian market. Methods: Macroscopic characters and microscopic properties of powders and transverse sections of specimens with essential oil analysis of the Indian and one of the Iran herbal market samples using chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were investigated for identification of bitter “Qust”. Results: Microscopic evaluation showed presence of secretory cavities and their specific size, narrow radial rows of conducting tissue alternating with broad medullary rays in the secondary phloem and xylem, presence of inulin, absence of starch and calcium oxalate crystals in the bitter “Qust” particles. Further, positive response was observed to S. costus identifying test. In the analysis of essential oils, active components of S. costus, such as dehydrocostus lactone, were identified in the examined essential oils. Conclusion: According to the results, it could be concluded that bitter “Qust” in Iran herbal market most probably is S. costus.

Green economics and value chain analysis of a cultivated medicinal plant (Pipla) from India

In this paper, we have discussed about economics and value chain for a medicinal plant Piper longum Linn. Cultivated by village-based marginal farmers from Odisha state of India, whose livelihoods are significantly supported by the commercial scale production of this plant. A field-based investigation was carried out in Koraput district of Odisha state of south east India, where a total of 250 households from eight villages were found engaged in the production of this medicinal plant species. We also carried out field survey in other places like Madgul in nearby Andhra Pradesh state and later in Delhi to analyse marketing and value chain of this plant at middlemen and wholesale dealer level respectively. The findings revealed that the primary and wholesale secondary markets are mostly dominated by the middlemen who cause inflated prices due to lack of competition in the medicinal plants value chain system. Some steps which need to be taken at the Central and State Governments level to improve upon the conditions of poor growers of this plant and for improved marketing of medicinal plants in the country have been suggested.

Life and Livelihoods in the ‘Forbidden Kingdom’, the Trans-Himalaya, Nepal

Rural livelihoods in Nepal are generally based on ecosystem resources. Despite a large number of studies on the Himalayan livelihoods, representation of the Trans-Himalaya, particularly Upper-Mustang, are rare. Such a scarcity could be associated with the fact that the place was isolated from the rest of the world and mainstream Nepali societies for a long time and also used to be known as ‘forbidden kingdom.’ This paper documents livelihood situation of Upper-Mustang in reference to the data collected in 66 households, in-depth interviews taken with 22 key informants, and focus group discussions conducted in 6 locations. Household livelihood system was studied with reference to five livelihood capitals, which were transformed into Livelihood Capital Index (LCI) at first and Livelihood Sustainability Index (LSI) later. Households in the Trans-Himalaya fulfill their livelihood requirement from multiple sources such as farming and livestock ranching together with small-scale enterprises, remittance and labouring. Overall status of livelihood capital is weak that cannot satisfy households’ food and livelihood requirements. There exists inter-household variation in the status of livelihood capitals.The households with diversified livelihood options have relatively secured livelihood, although such security is relative to the households of Upper-Mustang. Considering the weak status of agro-livestock system, which is mostly associated with unfavorable geographic conditions and lack of agro-livestock service provision, the region has sound scope for tourism industries and production as well as marketing of medicinal and aromatic plants, and fruits. Therefore, there is a plenty of possibility of diversifying livelihoods, however, neither the communities are eager to do so nor the state policies are encouraging. Therefore, together with expansion and advancement of physical infrastructure, effective service delivery and provision for social welfare, government programs should be facilitative for optimum and sustainable utilization of ecosystem resources for the sustainability of household livelihood system.Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11, 2017; 24-59

Export target markets of medicinal and aromatic plants

Medicinal and aromatic plants play a significant role in meeting the needs of the traditional medicine which, are found both in domestic and overseas markets. The aim of this research is prioritization of medicinal and aromatic plants importing countries using relative import advantage index and five other indices during the period of 2000–2014. The structure of the global import market for medicinal and aromatic plants was also examined using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index. Main findings revealed that Singapore, Japan, Germany, Malaysia, and the U.S. have the highest importing advantage. The structure of global market of medicinal and aromatic plants is mostly competitive. Designing export promotion strategies to markets with higher relative import advantage is recommended.

Pharmacognosy in Community Pharmacy: Pharmacovigilance Prospective of Herbal Medicine

A recent report suggests global market for medicinal plants is around $60 billion growing at a brisk pace of seven to eleven percent annually. Out of the annual consumption of raw drugs, 50 per cent are from roots, 15 per cent from fruits/seeds, 12 per cent from wood, 9 per cent from whole plants, 7 per cent from bark/stem, 4 per cent from leaves and 3 per cent from flowers. Termed as CAM (Complimentary and Alternative Medicine) herbal medicine have long been considered safe alternative for modern medicine. Recent development in research in herbal medicine has necessitated the efforts to further explore safety aspects of Herbal medicine. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine is now an issue to be given ample attention. FDA across the word has tightened their noose on safety issues of herbal medicine.

Medicinal Plant Use Influenced by Health Care Service in Mestizo and Indigenous Villages in the Peruvian Amazon

Medicinal plants, as a type of non-timber forests (NTFP), have been expected to support the livelihoods of people globally, especially in rural and forest areas in developing nations. As medicinal plants occupy a unique position, with direct repercussions for people’s health and as a potential income resource, it is necessary to take the interaction with, and influence of, modern medicine into account when they are considered as a NTFP. This study pursued the influence of the health care service on medicinal plant utilization in mestizo and indigenous villages near secondary population agglomerations in the Peruvian Amazon. The study found some influence of the health care services on medicinal plant use in the study site, indicating that 1) medicinal plants are not necessarily a highly dependable approach for health care, 2) there are insufficient conditions for the development of a commercial market for medicinal plants, and 3) mestizo and indigenous households have similar health care utilization behaviours, although indigenous households are more affected by modern medicine, especially health care insurance, than the mestizo households. The health care service is an important factor for medicinal plant use for both health and livelihood. Without considering this factor, the potential of medicinal plants as NTFP cannot be fully understood.

TRADE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN BRAZIL

The use of medicinal plants is influenced by the cultural legacy of popular knowledge of plants with therapeutic purposes, resulting from the ethnic mix of the population, with a strong Indian, European, African, and Asian influence. Other factors, such as difficulties in access the regular health services associated with poor socioeconomic conditions, and easy access to medicinal plants, and/or herbal products have contributed to consolidate herbal medicine as a widely resource used by the population. However, these products, derived from plants do not always possess the sufficient safeguards for their use and have not been proved for their therapeutic safety or quality. Thus, it emphasizes the need for studies on the marketing of medicinal plants, and to evaluate the quality of these products in order to conduct pharmacovigilance, ensure safe and effective use, especially by contributing to the full development of Phytotherapy.

Comercialização de Plantas Medicinais no Município de Arapiraca-AL

RESUMO O comércio de plantas medicinais em feiras livres faz parte da cultura de muitas cidades da região Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa verificar a existência de padrões de comercialização de plantas medicinais nas feiras livres do município de Arapiraca-AL. A metodologia incluiu a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas a vendedores de plantas medicinais, sendo estas gravadas em áudio após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, as técnicas da observação direta, “bola de neve” e lista livre. Os informantes indicaram 42 plantas medicinais, tendo Fabaceae com maior destaque em número de espécies. Do total de espécies identificadas, a maior parte é nativa (82%) e o hábito predominante é o arbóreo. Este estudo revelou que a produção e comercialização de plantas medicinais possuem um padrão local, com as plantas adquiridas através de terceiros, não havendo um padrão mínimo de qualidade, sendo necessária a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas a capacitação destes profissionais, agregando valor ao saber popular sobre plantas medicinais.

The development capacity and dynamics of the medicinal herbs market in Ukraine

Dynamics of development in the market of medicinal vegetative raw materials in Ukraine has been analyzed. Trends and regularities on the market of medicinal plants in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development have been identified. In the analysis of the medicinal plants market, the key development aspects of this type of products market have been established, among which the obvious growing demand for herbal products in recent years, that can be achieved through the use of wild and cultivated raw material. Methods of determination of the medicinal vegetative raw materials market capacity have been improved basing on a comparative analysis of the retail trade and consumer preferences obtained by the methods of marketing research. The novelty of the technique is that its application allows to determine the complex average annual and maximum future needs of specific types of medicinal plants with limited official statistics. As the result of the approbation of the method, the capacity of the medicinal plants domestic market of Ukraine has been calculated.

Livelihood enhancement of tribal farmers through value addition and collective marketing of safed musli (white gold) - A case of Dang district of Gujarat

The poor farmers had little knowledge of how to market their produce, so they fetched very low price for their produce, sometimes which even ran into losses. The market study hinted at the fact that raw safed musli is unprofitable to sell, so the farmers should go for value addition, like making musli powder, packaging, branding and selling either in wholesale or retail markets. For this in Dang district, some villages have made sincere effort in value addition through purchasing of machineries by jointly /co-operative basis. This effort helped these villages in terms of more production, quality improvement, process improvement and higher earnings. For marketing, villagers have tied up with some retailers. They are also thinking to establish their own wholesale and retail counters at Waghai, Saputara (major tourist centers) and Surat (major market for medicinal plants in south Gujarat). However, to start with, it was decided that farmers would be educated to start collective marketing of safed musli at a better price at terminal markets in India. A number of big traders were identified in Indore, Nasik and Mumbai; their terms and conditions were compared and a trader was finalized. Due to collective marketing the net benefit was found around Rs. 100-250 per kg. of safed musli.

Espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss.): saber de erveiros e feirantes em Pelotas (RS)

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o conhecimento popular relacionado à espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia) entre erveiros e feirantes que comercializam a planta no centro de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, de agosto a outubro de 2013. Entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com questões sobre os saberes e práticas relacionados à espinheira-santa, foram aplicadas a cinco erveiros e três feirantes do mercado informal de plantas medicinais. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a proposta operativa de Minayo, sendo Capra o referencial teórico para este estudo. Foi verificado que o saber relacionado ao uso da espinheira-santa é transmitido de geração a geração, embora existam outras fontes de conhecimento. As indicações do uso popular da espinheira-santa com finalidade terapêutica estão relacionadas a distúrbios gástricos, cicatrização e depuração do sangue. As diferentes formas dos sujeitos deste estudo interagirem com o ambiente, com sua família e em outras relações interpessoais resultam em diferentes saberes relacionados à espinheira-santa.