Serum Manganese Research Articles

Assessment of serum level of selected essential trace elements in patients with renal disorders

Levels of some trace elements in the sera of patients (male and female) with kidney diseases were determined. The patients were twelve (12) in number, aged between 45-65 years and were having occupation traceable to heavy metal exposure. The trace elements determined were iron, manganese, copper and zinc. The investigation was conducted at the in-and-out patient unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and the results obtained were compared with the corresponding values obtained in control subjects. The results of this study revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum iron and manganese levels where mean serum iron levels of [(92.9±16.5), (45.0±150.9)] mg/100 ml were obtained in patients (both sexes) compared to [(82.5±5.14), (50.8±100.3)] mg/10 0 ml obtained in control subjects respectively. Mean serum manganese levels of [(2.39±1.30), (0.05±6.90)] mg/100 ml were also obtained in patients (both sexes) compared to [(1.20±0.22), (0.70±1.90)] mg/100 ml in control subjects respectively. However, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum copper and zinc levels in the patients compared to the control subjects. Mean serum copper levels of [(49.3±12.4), (20.5±92.2)] mg/100 ml were obtained from patients compared to [(82.5±47.3), (50.8±89.2)] mg/100 ml obtained in control subjects while mean serum zinc levels of [(54.3±15.9), (16.5±100.0)] mg/100 ml were obtained from patients compared to [(66.1±5.17), (40.8±84.0)] mg/10 0 ml in control subjects. The results suggest heavy metal interference with the essential trace elements in physiological system of the patients due to occupational exposure.

Soil-plant-animal Continuum Concerning the Certain Micro-mineral Status of Indigenous Sheep in Hot Semi-arid Regions

Background: Semi-arid regions have a large livestock population that grazes on nutrient-depleted natural grasses and crop leftovers, resulting in mineral shortages. The goal of this study was to determine the amounts of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in soil, pasture and sheep serum in semi-arid areas with low rainfall (498-522 mm) in order to construct a soil-plant-animal continuum and recommend solutions to increase trace element availability. Methods: Samples were collected from different parts of the continuum [Soil (n=50), pasture (n=50) and blood samples from sheep (n=50)] from the selected study area and the trace elements were analyzed after digestion using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Descriptive, correlation and t-test analyses were carried out to categorize the deficiency, their significance and soil-plant-animal continuum. Result: Although most soil samples were found to be below threshold levels, most straws and stovers in the field had marginal levels of these micro-minerals. Most sheep serum samples had levels of different micro-minerals that were below the threshold level, implying that many indigenous sheep are deficient in micro-minerals. Although there was a substantial association between feed, fodder and sheep serum, there was no such correlation between trace mineral levels in sheep serum and soil. A higher percentage of these micro-minerals in sheep faeces implies that these nutrients are truly recycled through faeces and urine in semi-arid rural areas. To address the sub-clinical micro-mineral insufficiency in semi-arid regions, micro-mineral supplementation, particularly Zn, Cu and Mn, is required.

Effect of Maternal Catalase Supplementation on Reproductive Performance, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Transport in Sows and Piglets.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal catalase (CAT) supplementation on reproductive performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral transport, and mRNA expression of related genes in sows and offspring. A total of 40 pregnant sows at 95 days of gestation with similar parity (3-5 parities) and back-fat thickness were assigned randomly and equally into the control (CON) group (fed a basal diet) and CAT group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 660 mg/kg CAT; CAT activity, 280 U/g). The reproductive performance was recorded, and the placenta and blood samples of sows and neonatal piglets, as well as the jejunum and ileum samples from neonatal boars (eight replicates per group), were collected. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CAT significantly decreased the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rate and increased the activity of serum CAT in neonatal piglets and umbilical cords (p < 0.05). In addition, CAT supplementation tended to improve total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in the maternal serum (p = 0.089) and umbilical cords of piglets (p = 0.051). The serum calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) of farrowing sows and Mn concentration in the umbilical cord, and serum Ca, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and Mn of neonatal piglets were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CAT group. CAT supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of TRPV6 and CTR1 (p < 0.05), Cu/Zn SOD (p = 0.086) in the placenta and tended to increase the mRNA expression of the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (p = 0.084), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) (p = 0.063), and CAT (p = 0.052) genes in the ileum of piglets. These results showed that the maternal CAT supplementation improved fetal growth by decreasing the IUGR rate, and modulated antioxidant activity, as well as mineral elements in the pregnant sows and their piglets.

The schizophrenia-associated variant in SLC39A8 alters protein glycosylation in the mouse brain.

A missense mutation (A391T) in SLC39A8 is strongly associated with schizophrenia in genomic studies, though the molecular connection to the brain is unknown. Human carriers of A391T have reduced serum manganese, altered plasma glycosylation, and brain MRI changes consistent with altered metal transport. Here, using a knock-in mouse model homozygous for A391T, we show that the schizophrenia-associated variant changes protein glycosylation in the brain. Glycosylation of Asn residues in glycoproteins (N-glycosylation) was most significantly impaired, with effects differing between regions. RNAseq analysis showed negligible regional variation, consistent with changes in the activity of glycosylation enzymes rather than gene expression. Finally, nearly one-third of detected glycoproteins were differentially N-glycosylated in the cortex, including members of several pathways previously implicated in schizophrenia, such as cell adhesion molecules and neurotransmitter receptors that are expressed across all cell types. These findings provide a mechanistic link between a risk allele and potentially reversible biochemical changes in the brain, furthering our molecular understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and a novel opportunity for therapeutic development.

Prenatal arsenic exposure, arsenic methylation efficiency, and neuropsychological development among preschool children in a Spanish birth cohort

BackgroundPrenatal arsenic (As) exposure could negatively affect child neuropsychological development, but the current evidence is inconclusive. ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between prenatal urinary total As (TAs) concentrations, the As species and the methylation efficiency, and child neuropsychological development in a Spanish birth cohort. We also studied the effect modification produced by sex and several nutrients and elements. Materials and methodsStudy subjects were 807 mother–child pairs participating in the INMA (Childhood and Environment) Project. Urinary TAs and its metabolites, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), inorganic As (iAs) and arsenobetaine were measured in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methylation efficiency was determined through the percentages of the metabolites and using principal component analysis. Children's neuropsychological development was assessed at the age of 4–5 years using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were built to assess the association between TAs, the As species and the maternal methylation efficiency, and the neuropsychological scores. We explored effect modification by sex, iron status, maternal nutrients status (serum manganese and selenium, and urinary zinc), and maternal vitamins intake (folate, and vitamins B12 and B6). ResultsThe geometric mean (95%CI) of ∑As (sum of DMA, MMA and iAs) was 7.78 (7.41, 8.17) μg/g creatinine. MMA concentrations were inversely associated with the scores for the general, verbal, quantitative, memory, executive function and working memory scales (i.e. β [CI95%] = −1.37 [-2.33, −0.41] for the general scale). An inverse association between %MMA and the memory scores was found. Children whose mothers had lower manganese, zinc and ferritin concentrations obtained lower scores on several MSCA scales with decreasing As methylation efficiency. DiscussionAn inverse association was observed between MMA concentrations and children's neuropsychological development. Maternal levels of manganese, zinc and ferritin affected the association between As methylation efficiency and MSCA scores.

Comparison of bioavailability of glycinate and manganese sulfate and their effects on laying hens performance

The experiment was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of manganese glycineite ans sulfate and its effects on yield and quality of eggs produced in commercial laying hens. 300 Leghorn laying hens (w36) with 66 weeks of age were divided into 6 treatments and 5 replications in a completely randomized design. Treatments include control (without manganese supplementation), treatments containing manganese sulfate (diet 1), internal manganese glycinate at 30 mg level (diet 2), internal manganese glycinate at 90 mg level (diet 3) external manganese glycinate at 30 mg level (diet 4) External manganese glycinate at the level of 90 mg (diet 5). The results showed that there was a significant increase in feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio in treatments receiving manganese supplementation increased significantly compared to the control treatment (P <0.05). Egg weight in diets containing manganese supplementation was significantly increased compared to the control treatment (P <0.05). No significant difference in egg quality traits was observed between experimental treatments. Tibia manganese was significantly increased in diets containing manganese supplementation compared to basal diet (P <0.05). Manganese yolk and egg shell concentrations increased in diets containing manganese glycinate and manganese sulfate compared to basal diet (P <0.05). Manganese sulfate and glycinate significantly increased the concentration of manganese in serum and liver (P <0.05). Increasing the bioavailability of manganese by reducing the uptake of manganese and improving the production performance and storage of manganese in various body tissues of laying hens and reduced excretion of manganese to environment.

Milk productivity of cows and the content of the metal-ligand forms of iron

The milk productivity of animals was evaluated and the content of the metal-ligand forms of iron was studied against the background of changes in the total content of manganese in the blood serum of dairy cows using the hybrid technique (HPLC-ICP-MS). For this purpose, groups were formed for comparing animals with low-normal values of manganese (Mn concentration up to the 25th percentile) and high-normal values (Mn concentration above the 75 th percentile) according to the results of a previous study. The Mn content in the blood serum of all animals was within the physiological normal range. Analysis of the data obtained showed that high-normal levels of manganese in the blood were accompanied by a significant decrease in the indicators of milk productivity of cows. The metal-ligand forms of iron have undergone significant changes. Changes in metal ligand homeostasis can be considered early biomarkers for predicting the state of mineral metabolism to increase productivity.

The association between manganese exposure with cardiovascular disease in older adults: NHANES 2011–2018

The aim of the current study was to explore possible connections between manganese exposure and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older US adults. The relationship between serum manganese levels and CVD was explored in 2427 people aged 60 years and over using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011–2018). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to investigate associations between CVD risk factors and serum manganese concentration. The relationship between manganese levels and the prevalence of CVD was probed using generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline curves. Stratified subgroup analysis was subsequently constructed to rule out spurious interactions between variables and manganese. Compared with the lowest quartile, the modified odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD prevalence across the manganese quartiles were 0.71 (OR: 0.51; CI: 1.00), 0.70 (0.50, 0.99), and 0.49 (0.34, 0.72). In the full adjusted model, a prominent negative relationship was observed between serum manganese concentration and CVD. A restricted cubic spline curve was used to show a nonlinear negative relationship between manganese concentration and CVD. In summary, manganese levels are negatively correlated with the risk of CVD in a nation-wide study of older US adults.

The association between PTX3 and serum manganese levels of welders in comparison with controls: An application of anti-inflammatory biomarker

Aim: The purpose of this study; it is to compare serum PTX3 levels of manganese-exposed welders with non-exposed people in order to evaluate the nature of manganese-induced inflammatory response.&#x0D; Material and Method: 51 of whom were exposed to manganese and 52 of whom were volunteers working in the same workplace, were evaluated in the study. PTX-3 levels were analyzed in the serum samples with ELISA. Mn levels were analyzed in whole blood samples in ICP-MS. &#x0D; Results: The mean values of manganese and Pentraxin-3 of the control group were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of the exposure group, respectively, for Mn levels: 5.04±2.32 µg/L and 11.54±3.09 µg/L; for PTX-3 36.96±24.20 ng/mL and 48.29±27.13 ng/mL; p

Pre-conception serum ferritin concentrations are associated with metal concentrations in blood during pregnancy: A cohort study in Benin

BackgroundIron deficiency is a common nutritional deficiency that impacts maternal health and fetal development and is also associated with increased uptake of toxic metals. Women in sub-Saharan Africa are highly exposed to both iron deficiency and metals in the environment. As research on the developmental origins of health and disease increasingly shows impacts of pre-conception maternal health on pregnancy and fetal health, these environmental exposures are of concern. ObjectivesThis study investigated the association between iron status pre-pregnancy and blood metal concentrations in the first trimester of pregnancy with potential implications for iron supplementation. MethodsPre-conception and first trimester blood samples taken from 262 Beninese women were tested for serum ferritin, inflammation markers, manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper, zinc, selenium, mercury and arsenic. Associations between serum ferritin adjusted for inflammation and metal concentrations were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. ResultsWomen with iron deficiency before conception (13%) were more likely to remain iron deficient in the first trimester (4%) (adjusted OR = 41.2, 95%CI 6.2; 275.0) even within the context of routine iron supplementation during pregnancy.Lower pre-pregnancy serum ferritin concentrations were significantly related to higher concentrations of Mn, Cd and Pb in the first trimester. Every 1% increase in serum ferritin concentration was associated with a 0.13% decrease in Mn (adjusted β = −0.13, 95%CI -0.18; −0.07), a 0.22% decrease in Cd (adjusted β = −0.22, 95%CI -0.28; −0.15) and a 0.06% decrease in Pb concentration (adjusted β = −0.06, 95%CI -0.12; −0.006). DiscussionThese results suggest that increasing iron stores prior to pregnancy may prevent excessive uptake of toxic concentrations of the metals Mn, Cd and Pb and argue in favour of testing the effects of iron supplementation prior to pregnancy on metal concentrations.

Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in water and tissues of naturally infected Oreochromis niloticus from two polluted sites in Egypt, with reference to related oxidative stress

The present research was planned to assess the harmful effects of heavy metals as well as antioxidant alterations of Oreochromis niloticus collected from two polluted fish farms located in Abbassa and Manzala (areas A and B, respectively) in Egypt. They were compared with reference site in central laboratory for aquaculture researchers during the summer season, 2020. A total number of 75 fish collected from all sites was subjected to clinical, postmortem, and bacteriological examination. Water parameters, as well as heavy metals (arsenic, manganese, and nickel) in water, serum, and tissues (muscle, gills, and liver), were evaluated. In addition, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and (MDA) were assessed in the serum of O. niloticus. Bacterial isolates, Aeromonas hydrophila, were identified in fish at both localities, and the recorded mortality rate was about 30% and 5% in areas A and B, respectively. The levels of As in water samples from both polluted areas were higher than the permissible limits. In addition, serum of O. niloticus showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of Ni in both polluted areas. In addition, a significant decrease in the mean levels of Ni and As was found in the gills and muscles of O. niloticus in both polluted areas. Moreover, a significant decrease in CAT, combined with a significant increase of SOD activities was observed in polluted area A.

Alterations in manganese level in the biological samples of young obese Saudi women

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the changes in serum manganese levels in the nails of women with obesity. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2019 at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, KSA. It was conducted in a convenience sample of 30 women with obesity and 40 without obesity. We obtained biological samples of nails from the participants and analysed these samples using a plasma atomic emission spectrometer to estimate the levels of manganese. A standard questionnaire containing items related to demographic features, such as address, age, education, and marital status, was used. In addition, the data on the usual consumption of water, milk, and soft drinks during a day or week, eating habits, and other health information were included in the questionnaire. ResultsThe results of this study show that manganese levels are significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the group with obesity at 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/kg than in the group without obesity at 0.62 ± 0.02 mg/kg. Regular sports activity in a week and consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, and water are significant predictors of the levels of manganese in the body. ConclusionThe study demonstrates a significant difference in the levels of manganese in the nails of obese participants compared to non-obese participants. Further studies are needed to determine whether Saudi women are at risk for manganese deficiency.

Evaluation of Catalase and Manganese in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

This study was carried out to evaluate catalase and manganese in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A total of 40 subjects Were included in this study. This comprised of equal number of male and female subjects respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for this study. The result showed that there is a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the fasting blood sugar level of male diabetics (11.3±3.1) when compared with male non diabetics (4.0±0.4), and female diabetics (9.4±0.8) when compared with female non-diabetics (3.8±0.3). There is no significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in the mean catalase value of male diabetics (77.3±137.7) when compared with male (256.3±207.6) and female non diabetics (225.1±233.9) But there is significant increase in female diabetics (27.8±14.7) when compared with controls (77.3±137.7) and female non diabetics (225.1±233.9).There is also significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the mean Manganese value of male diabetics (0.5±0.6) when compared with male non diabetics (0.9±0.3) and female diabetic(0.2±0.1) when compared with female non-diabetics (0.3±0.1).The result shows that serum catalase level and manganese is decreased in diabetic patients. It is therefore suggested that type 2 diabetes patient should consume meals and supplement rich in catalase and manganese.

Alteration of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) tissue levels and speciation in rats with desferioxamine-induced iron deficiency.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of iron deficiency and iron replenishment on serum iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) speciation and tissue accumulation in a deferrioxamine-induced model of iron deficiency. A total of 26 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control; Fe-deficient; Fe-replenished (with iron (II) gluconate). Serum ferritin and transferrin levels were assessed using immunoturbudimetric method. Liver, spleen, and serum metal levels were assessed using ICP-MS. Speciation analysis was performed using a hyphenated HPLC-ICP-MS technique. Desferrioxamine injections resulted in a significant decrease in tissue iron content that was reversed by Fe supplementation. Iron speciation revealed a significant increase in serum transferrin-bound iron and reduced ferritin-bound Fe levels. Serum but not tissue Cu levels were characterized by a significant decrease in hypoferremic rats, whereas ceruloplasmin-bound fraction tended to increase. At the same time, Zn levels were found to be higher in liver, spleen, and serum of Fe-deficient rats with a predominant increase in low molecular weight fraction.Both iron-deficient and iron-replenished rats were characteirzed by increased transferrin-bound Mn levels and reduced low-molecular weight fraction. Hypothetically, these differences may be associated with impaired Fe metabolism under Fe-deficient conditions predisposing to impairment of essential metal handling. However, further studies aimed at assessment of the impact on Fe deficiency on metal metabolism are highly required.

Elevated serum manganese concentration in dogs as a possible predisposing factor of cerebral babesiosis in dogs.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate a relationship between the occurrence of clinical signs of brain involvement in dogs with babesiosis and the concentration of manganese (Mn) in their serum. The study included seven dogs with early babesiosis (Group 1), seven dogs with cerebral babesiosis (Group 2) and seven healthy dogs (Group 3). Haematological and biochemical blood tests were performed in all dogs, and the results were analysed statistically. The Mann-Whitney rank test was used to demonstrate the differences in Mn concentrations, as well as other haematological and biochemical parameters between groups. In dogs in Group 2 with cerebral babesiosis, as compared to dogs in Groups 1 and 3, a statistically significant increase in serum Mn concentration was shown (P = 0.002 and P = 0.029) that may have been associated with the development of anaemia and/or impairment of liver function. Given the well-established neurotoxic effects of Mn in humans, experimental rodents and primates, additional studies on the role of Mn in the pathogenesis of the cerebral form of canine babesiosis are warranted.

Влияние препарата «Полисоли микроэлементов» на обмен минеральных веществ у лактирующих коров в условиях интенсификации производства

Soils in the Vladimir region are poorly represented by mobile forms of cobalt and zinc, below average they are provided with boron and manganese. Accordingly, there is a need for the administration of preparations containing trace elements to replenish deficient feed rations. The use of the preparation «Polysalts of microelements» leads to an increase in the level of copper, zinc, cobalt and manganese in the blood serum of cattle, restoring the physiological norm. The optimal dose of the preparation «Polysalts of microelements» has been selected. It is 300 mg daily for 20–30 days in infertile animals, or daily at a dose of 270–300 mg in the last third of pregnancy before the expected calving When using «Polysalt of microelements» for 30 days at a dose of 300 mg, 100% of the cows came to hunt. The period from calving to full libido averaged 30,9±2,39 days; the service period was 79,5±2,47 days, and the insemination index was 1,6±0,14.

A clinical evaluation of the alterations in the level of serum zinc, copper, iron, and manganese in the ischemic heart disease patients of Bangladesh - A case-control study

BackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death globally. Countries vary in their rates, and changes have occurred over time. Nowadays, developing countries pose new public health challenges. ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to appraise the alterations in the levels of serum Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn that occur in patients with ischemic heart disease and to depict the correlations of the effects of these changes that lead to the pathogenesis of IHD. MethodsZn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the IHD patients were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). ResultsThis study evaluated 52 patients with IHD, and 61 healthy volunteers served as controls. The primary outcomes of interest were explored regarding the correlations of the serum levels of these trace elements in patients with IHD. The secondary outcomes were explored in terms of inter-element relations to connect them with the pathogenesis of IHD. Our study found significantly reduced levels of Zn and Cu (2.50 ± 0.19 mg/L and 2.52 ± 0.17 mg/L, respectively) and an elevated level of Fe (148.97 ± 17.25 mg/L) in the patient group with IHD. The level of Mn (7.32 ± 1.23 mg/L) was elevated in the sera of the patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared to healthy control subjects. ConclusionOur results indicate strong associations of the pathogenesis of IHD with depleted serum levels of Zn and Cu and elevated Fe and Mn levels, which may provide a prognostic tool for the treatment of this concerning the disease.

The schizophrenia risk locus in SLC39A8 alters brain metal transport and plasma glycosylation

A common missense variant in SLC39A8 is convincingly associated with schizophrenia and several additional phenotypes. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC39A8 result in undetectable serum manganese (Mn) and a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG) due to the exquisite sensitivity of glycosyltransferases to Mn concentration. Here, we identified several Mn-related changes in human carriers of the common SLC39A8 missense allele. Analysis of structural brain MRI scans showed a dose-dependent change in the ratio of T2w to T1w signal in several regions. Comprehensive trace element analysis confirmed a specific reduction of only serum Mn, and plasma protein N-glycome profiling revealed reduced complexity and branching. N-glycome profiling from two individuals with SLC39A8-CDG showed similar but more severe alterations in branching that improved with Mn supplementation, suggesting that the common variant exists on a spectrum of hypofunction with potential for reversibility. Characterizing the functional impact of this variant will enhance our understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Impact of an increased exposure with manganese and nickel on pituitary hormones in women with ovarian polycystosis

Objective of the study: to evaluate the possible impact of manganese and nickel on the state of gonadotropic pituitary function and prolactin secretion.Materials and methods. For the study 2 groups of women were selected. The control group consisted of 38 women of reproductive age without reproductive system pathology. The main group consisted of 52 women who were diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in accordance with the Rotterdam Consensus criteria. Mass spectrometry was used in both groups to determine the indicators of manganese and nickel in serum. Evaluation of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin in serum was performed by the enzyme immunoassay. To assess the statistical significance of data (p) we used the Mann-Whitney U-test and Student's t-test. Spearman's coefficient was used for correlation analysis.Results. Studies have shown that women with PCOS compared with the control group showed increased manganese levels (p = 0.0093) and nickel levels (p = 0.00019) in serum. Prolactin (p = 0.0024) and LH levels (p = 0.0001) were increased in the group of women with PCOS too. FSH in both groups practically did not differ (p = 0.074). Significant individual fluctuations in the secretion of gonadotropins and prolactin were observed in the main group. In authors’ opinion, this may be a sign of pituitary dysfunction. Only correlation between manganese-prolactin and manganese-LH levels was found in the group of women with PCOS. There was no relationship between level of trace elements and hormones in all other cases.Conclusion. Increased levels of manganese and nickel in serum were found in women with PCOS. Elevated prolactin and LH levels in women with PCOS may be associated with increased manganese exposure. Nickel exposure does not affect gonadotropin and prolactin levels in women with PCOS.

The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Trace Elements in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: The study was investigate serum zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in relation to hormone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Materials and Methods: Fourty women between 18-40 years of age diagnosed with PCOS. We also seleceted 40 healty volunteers as the control group. Serum Zn, Cr, Mn, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations were determined. Results: Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, DHEA-S levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group, while FSH and Mn levels were significantly lower in the HOMA-IR group than in the control group (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: A possible association is perceptible in our study between some of serum trace elements and women with PCOS. The association attains a connotative level with the involvement of IR in it. Additional studies evaluating the effects of these elements supplementation would be required to confirm the hypothesis as well as to ascertain whether insulin resistance in the presence of manganese deficiency can directly lead to oxidative stress.