Mandatory Subject Research Articles

Think Pair Share Learning Assisted By Wordwall On Mathematics Learning Outcomes

Mathematics is a mandatory subject that plays an important role, therefore the lack of adjustment to learning models and supporting media in the learning process can be one of the factors causing low learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of think pair share supported by wordwall on the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at Elementary School. The research was conducted at SDN Batu Ampar 02 Pagi in the second semester of the academic year 2023/2024. The research method used was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The sampling system used non-random sampling of 30 students in the experimental class and 30 students in the control class. The instrument used was an essay test that had been validated and tested for reliability. In data analysis, tests for analysis requirements were conducted through tests of normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and homogeneity, while hypothesis testing used independent sample t-test with SPSS version 29.0.0.0. Based on the analysis, it was found that the average learning outcomes of the experimental class using think pair share supported by wordwall were 79.75, which was significantly better than the average learning outcomes of the control class students using conventional learning, which scored 70.25. The t-test result obtained a sig value (2-tailed) of 0.003 (0.003 < 0.005), hence Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that in this study, there is an influence of the think pair share supported by wordwall learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade elementary school students.

Game model to improve motor skills through traditional sports: Development study on elementary school students

Background and Study Aim. Physical education is a mandatory subject at school which aims to improve students' physical fitness and motor skills to support student activities at school. In elementary school, physical education activities are carried out in a fun way and in the form of games. This research aims to develop a game model that aims to improve the motor skills of elementary school students through traditional sports. Material and Methods. The game model developed integrates various traditional sports that are rich in cultural values and require various motor skills. This research uses the Research & Development (R&D) method. The subjects in this research were elementary school students in Sidoarjo City. The stages in this research are: needs analysis, expert evaluation, small group trials, and large group trials. The data analysis technique in this research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method, involving a pretest-posttest control group design to compare the effectiveness of game models on elementary school students' motor skills. Results. The research results showed that this game model succeeded in significantly improving students' motor skills, as well as increasing their interest and participation in sports activities. The effectiveness test of this development product is based on the assessment of 3 motor development experts. The value obtained was 87.% which was declared valid and suitable for use. Conclusion. Based on the development results, it can be concluded: (1) Can be used as a reference to improve students' motor skills. (2) The resulting model has several variations using traditional games. (3) This game model will increase children's interest in participating, because it is a fun game. (4) Participate in preserving national culture, especially traditional games.

Gender-based violence perpetrated against peripheral trans adolescents

This study aims to analyze, through scientific literature, gender violence perpetrated against peripheral trans adolescents. This is a reflective review, based on the theoretical basis of socio-anthropological assumptions, in addition to current scientific literature relevant to the topic. This work was generated from the provocations that occurred in the mandatory subject Social History of Adolescence, inherent to a Postgraduate Program in Hebiatrics at a state University located in the capital of Pernambuco. Thus, for a better presentation of the results of this study, two central categories were listed: “Gender violence in the light of gender performativity” and “Gender violence perpetrated against peripheral trans adolescents”. Therefore, it is clear that these transgender adolescents in the periphery face several layers of oppression, being targets of violence due to their gender identity and their socioeconomic and demographic condition. In this way, the externalization of the aforementioned violence can trigger social exclusion that further aggravates the vulnerability of these young people, limiting their access to basic life resources

Is geriatric medicine teaching homogeneous? The analysis of geriatric medicine courses at Polish undergraduate medical programmes.

We aimed to analyse the characteristics of geriatric courses offered to undergraduate medical students in higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Poland. We searched the official websites of the HEIs offering the medical degree programmes and directly contacted the dean's offices and HEIs representatives to retrieve the relevant information. The documents were analysed for course content, teaching methods, duration, and recommended texts. We also checked the obtained curricula for the reference to of the learning objectives related to geriatric medicine, selected from the currently endorsed Polish educational standards (ES) provided by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Geriatric medicine courses were obligatory at all included HEIs (n = 19), but the courses differed in structure and content. The courses varied in duration from 11 to 60h and were primarily lecture based. Simulation was utilized at only one HEI and e-learning at two institutions. Out of 315 learning objectives, we acknowledged only 9 as geriatric. They were not always found in all curricula. Two HEIs included self-described learning objectives in their curricula. Across all HEIs, a total of 29 recommended texts (published between 1995 and 2021) were identified, including 2 English-language texts. Geriatric medicine was a mandatory subject for medical students of the included HEIs. However, there was a lack of uniformity in the offered courses. This leaves room for the development of a unified undergraduate geriatrics curriculum to effectively address diverse geriatric issues across Europe. The importance of this matter is highlighted by demographic trends and workforce challenges.

Enhancing visual and plastic education training: a blended learning and flipped classroom approach

This article explores whether the implementation of the B-Learning (BL) and Flipped Classroom (FC) methodologies, using the ICT tool Edpuzzle, in the mandatory subject of Didactics of Plastic Expression in the Early Childhood Education teacher training programme leads to improvements in their education as future teachers. To address this investigation, two different pedagogical interventions were proposed: Unit 1 (U1), implementing BL, and Unit 2 (U2) through traditional lectures. For the analysis, a qualitative methodology using the focus group technique was employed. The results revealed high satisfaction among students regarding U1, implying that the use of ICT through the implementation of BL and FC methodologies has created a more dynamic and enriching educational environment, thereby enhancing their learning.

A Comparative Analysis of Educational Curriculum Systems in Indonesia and China: Perspectives on Structure, Content, and Pedagogical Approaches

China is famous for its very high-quality education; it has a very detailed and structured education system, from primary to university. China also has a culture that values education, so its people care and try hard to improve the quality of education. This research aims to compare curriculum systems in Indonesia and China. This research method is a literature review carried out by collecting relevant sources and using a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this research are: 1) Both Indonesia and China have carried out curriculum reforms to follow society's needs. 2) Indonesia has a 12-year compulsory education program, while China has nine years. 3) Despite their differences, national education goals in both countries are the same: to develop balanced, qualified, and characterized individuals to contribute to national development. 4) The government determines the content/material taught in both countries at the elementary-middle school level. However, China does not have mandatory subjects at the high school level, while the government still determines Indonesia. 5) Learning strategies in Indonesia include group, project, and inquiry-based learning; China has unique strategies, such as implementing naps during learning. 6) National exams are no longer implemented in Indonesia, while there is still a national exam known as the Gaokao Exam in China.

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN PALLIATIVE CARE, PREPARATION AND CAPACITY TO PROVIDE CARE AT THE END OF LIFE BY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

The predominance of slowly evolving chronic-degenerative diseases, resulting from the progressive aging of the population, has increased the need for the provision of palliative care (PC). In this context, there is an interest in evaluating the skills and abilities of health professionals. The present study aims to identify the level of: knowledge in PC, spirituality, self-efficacy and ability to provide end-of-life care (CFV) by doctors and nurses working in a hospital center. We also seek to understand the academic and clinical trajectory in learning and training in PC and discuss the inclusion of educational programs in this area. This is a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study applied to doctors and nurses working in a hospital center, with contact with patients at the end of life. The data collection instrument included a questionnaire administered between May and July 2022. The variables were evaluated using IBM SPSS for Windows (V.26). As a result, we observed that doctors and nurses (n=380) have medium to low levels of knowledge in PC. Perceptions of spirituality, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and preparation and ability to provide CFV revealed a moderate overall mean value. Most professionals do not have training or experience in CP. The levels of perception of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and ability to provide CFV by health professionals are average. Knowledge in CP is low, because they are unaware of some of the principles. It is suggested that a subject on PC be included as a mandatory subject in higher education health courses.

RANCANG BANGUN TRAINER ROBOT LENGAN UNTUK PRAKTIKUM ROBOTIKA PADA PRODI S1 TEKNIK ELEKTRO FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO

Robotic arms are a type of robot that is currently developing rapidly in industry, this has caused robotics technology to become one of the mandatory subjects taught in universities. In the Undergraduate Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tadulako University, the robotics course is a mandatory subject studied by students, especially students who take the weak current concentration (TEN). This research aims to provide students with an understanding of how to control a robot arm. The design of a robot arm system with 4 degrees of freedom is made using several types of control such as control using Arduino IDE software, push buttons and potentiometers. The results of testing the robot arm trainer after controlling it with three types of control were successful. In the first control using the Arduino IDE software control it shows that the direction of rotation of the motor rotates according to the program target given, in the second control using a push button it shows that the speed and acceleration are directly proportional to changes in motor degrees, then in the third control using a potentiometer it shows that the degree mapping on the potentiometer is directly proportional to the degree of the stepper motor. However, in the test there were differences in degree values ​​when the motor rotated which caused the resulting data to be inaccurate. This is due to a mismatch in tooth size between the belt and the stepper motor gear, causing wear on the belt.

Fiqh Learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: Enhancing Students’ Academic Performance through a Collaborative Learning Model

In the context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Fiqh is a mandatory subject facing challenges due to ineffective teaching methodologies, leading to suboptimal learning outcomes. This study explores the potential of collaborative learning models to enhance these outcomes, hypothesizing that such methods could improve student engagement and comprehension. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to Fiqh teachers via Google Forms, focusing on the effectiveness of current teaching methods and their impact on student performance. The analysis indicated that collaborative learning significantly improves learning outcomes by fostering greater student cooperation in understanding Fiqh concepts. This enhancement in learning is evident in both the quality of student engagement and academic achievements. While the findings affirm the benefits of collaborative methods, the study is limited to these strategies and suggests further research into a variety of instructional techniques to broaden educational effectiveness in religious studies. The success of collaborative models in this setting supports their potential utility in similar educational contexts, recommending an expansion of research to include diverse pedagogical approaches.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MAHASISWA MATEMATIKA

Advanced calculus is a mandatory subject in the Mathematics Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jambi University. Advanced Calculus studies functions of multiple variables, ordinary derivatives, partial derivatives, double integrals, fold integrals, applications of double integrals, triple integrals and applications of triple integrals. CPL from the advanced calculus course includes students being able to develop mathematical thinking starting from procedural/computational understanding to a broad understanding including exploration, logical reasoning, generalization, abstraction and formal proof. One learning model that facilitates students to fulfill the CPL for advanced Calculus courses is the project-based learning model (Project-based Learning). It is hoped that the Project-Based Learning model can be a learning alternative to help students think creatively in learning Advanced Calculus. It is hoped that the creative thinking abilities of Mathematics Study Program students will increase and support the fulfillment of CPL courses which will result in the formation of creative and systematic mathematics students who are skilled in solving problems and have the capabilities and competencies needed by the world of work (industry, services and government). The results of the analysis showed that the creative thinking abilities of students in class R001 were classified as creative and 1 group was very creative, while in R002 all groups were classified as very creative. The conclusions of this research show a tendency for students' creative thinking abilities to be in the creative category.

The Influences of Reforms of Higher Education in China on Education Equality

Thanks to the rapid development of a knowledge-based economy, people rely more and more on higher education. Thus, they pay more attention to the equality of higher education. This essay discusses the influences of three significant higher education reforms, including reforms during the Cultural Revolution, resumption, expansion, and reforms of the National College Entrance Examination on education equality. Unlike traditional opinions that reforms during the Cultural Revolution were a disaster to higher education, the research finds that reforms during the Cultural Revolution helped reduce education inequality among social classes and narrow the gap in education resources between urban areas and rural areas. During the commencement of the National College Entrance Examination, students face a challenging and limited opportunity to pursue higher education. It increases education inequality across regions and ethnic groups and widens the gap of education resources and chances between rural migrants and local residents. The expansion and reforms of the National College Entrance Examination provide students more opportunities to acquire access to higher education and give students who need to improve at mandatory subjects but have talents in other fields a chance to enter universities without a high score in the National College Entrance Examination.

EXPLORING BARRIERS TO TEACHING SCIENCE TO HEARING IMPAIRED LEARNERS IN LESOTHO SECONDARY SCHOOL

Globally, there is a strong advocacy for including all learners in the education system, irrespective of their disabilities. This initiative, known as Education for All (EFA), is articulated in policy documents across different countries. Lesotho has actively embraced this international protocol by welcoming learners with diverse needs into its educational fold. This inclusivity extends to hearing-impaired learners (HIL), who now have the opportunity to study all subjects, including Science. Science is considered pivotal in cultivating critical skills essential for addressing societal and economic challenges, making it a mandatory subject at the secondary level in most countries among which is Lesotho. However, teaching Science to HIL presents unique challenges.
 Notably, HILs often face language deficiencies, and Science, being an abstract subject, relies on verbal communication for effective learning. This linguistic barrier contributes to suboptimal performance not only among HIL but also among learners without disabilities in various schools. To explore teachers' views on the barriers they experience when teaching science to hearing-impaired learners in Lesotho secondary schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Science teachers. The collected data underwent content analysis, employing both the opportunities to learn and a capabilities framework to understand teachers' difficulties encountered. The study revealed that language is a primary obstacle to the effective teaching of Science to HIL. In response, teachers employ diverse teaching approaches to facilitate learning for HIL, although these strategies often prove time-consuming. In light of these findings, the study recommends comprehensive in-service training for teachers to enhance their preparation for teaching HIL effectively. Additionally, teachers should be equipped with the skills to integrate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into their teaching methods, allowing HIL to learn at their own pace. Furthermore, encouraging regular teachers to learn sign language can aid in detecting and addressing misconceptions among HIL. It also appeared that sign language interpreters should receive training in science subjects. In conclusion, addressing the language barrier is crucial for creating an accommodative learning environment for HIL in Science.

A Statistical Analysis of Vietnamese High School English Test Score Data

This statistical study, perhaps the first of its kind in Vietnamese academia, has tried to understand the patterns in high school students’ pre-college national exam test scores which hold tremendous significance in students’ college or university admissions. English belongs to one of the three mandatory subjects (the other two being Mathematics and Literature) where students must be tested as part of their overall evaluation. However, since English is a foreign language for the learners, many high school students, especially those from rural areas, struggle to attain an acceptable level of proficiency. Meanwhile, a good proportion of students, particularly those in urban areas and with their own substantial financial resources, do attend extra tutorial classes to gain an edge in English proficiency. In this study we have analyzed the provincial mean and median test scores over a period of three years (2019, 2020 and 2021). It has been noted that a province’s aggregate performance depends heavily on - (i) the province’s per capita gross domestic product (PCGDP), which measures a province's economic prosperity; and (ii) the average number of students per high school (ANSHS) which indicates the overall competitive environment the students encounter which helps them sharpen their language proficiency.

Public control in the Republic of Belarus: problems and prospects for the development of legislation (public law analysis)

This article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of development of legislation on public control in the Republic of Belarus. The object of the study is public relations related to the organization and functioning of the institute of public control in the Republic of Belarus, and the subject of the study is normative legal acts on the legal regulation of this institution of civil society in the country, as well as scientific legal doctrine in the field of organization and functioning of the institute of public control. The paper substantiates the importance of the institution of public control in the country as the most important legal guarantee for the implementation and protection of the constitutional principles of democracy and participation of citizens of the Republic of Belarus in the management of state affairs. It seems that the organization and functioning of this institution of civil society in this country are associated with numerous problems, the most important of which are, in particular: the imperfection of legislation on public control; the absence of mandatory subjects of public control who would organize and conduct public control activities on a regular basis; the lack of real powers of public control to influence to the objects of public control in order to bring their activities, acts and decisions in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the current legislation. The authors use a number of methods of scientific research, in particular: analysis; synthesis; formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analysis of specific legal situations. The article formalizes and substantiates a system of measures and proposals to resolve the above-mentioned problems in order to optimize the processes of organization and activity of this institution of civil society, both through amendments and additions to the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus and the current legislation, and through the development and adoption of new laws on: organization and functioning of the system of public control in the Republic of Belarus; creation of the Public Chamber of the Republic of Belarus, regional public chambers, district and city public chambers (councils).

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI ANTI KORUPSI DENGAN PROJECT CITIZEN PADA MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN

The aim of this research is to implement anti-corruption values to students using the project citizen model.The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in thisresearch, researchers used data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, documentation, triangulation and literature study. The analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification.The results of the research show that the implementation of anti-corruption education at IKIP PGRI Pontianak is a mandatory subject for the Civics Study Program and is integrated with Civics courses in other study programs, apart from that it is also implemented through student activities, extracurricular activities, and study program association activities and student unit activities. . The steps in the project citizen model are identifying problems, selecting problems, collecting information related to the problem, developing a class portfolio, presenting the class portfolio and reflecting on learning experiences. The anti-corruption values implemented through the project citizen learning model consist of honesty, discipline, hard work, caring, courage, responsibility, simplicity, independence and justice.

An Analysis of Sumbawa Vocational High Schools English Foreign Language Teachers’ English Proficiency

The aim of the study is to analyze the English proficiency of VHSs EFL teachers in Sumbawa. In Indonesia, English is considered a foreign language and a mandatory subject that has to be taught at schools. Especially at Vocational High School (VHS), neither current nor official records of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ proficiency levels exists in our national databases (Yusuf and Novita, 2020). It could be argued that many English teachers in Indonesian schools fall under the category of less-skilled professionals with the lack of adequate competences to teach the language (Renandya, Hamid, & Nurkanto, 2018). The participants of the study consisted of 30 VHSs EFL Teachers of Sumbawa. The data collected using TOEFL like test, and it was analyzed in thre steps; correcting the TOEFL score, converting it into CEFR level, and intepreting the data. The results of the study show that the English proficiency of the VHSs EFL teachers is range from A1 to B1 which the majority of the participating teachers’ language proficiency are still at the CEFR A2 level. Regarding the strong points, it shows that the participants perform better at listening comprehension compared to the other two sets of skills tested. Based on the analysis of their numbers of correct answers, SWE section seemed to be a weak point for nearly every participant.

PENINGKATAN KEMAHIRAN BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KOSAKATA UNTUK ANAK-ANAK SD DI DESA SETIALAKSANA

This article is written to report the result of the writer’s Community Service Program. There are many elementary schools in Desa Setialaksana that does not make English Language a mandatory subject in their school. Whereas in reality, the importance of the English language as the standard language in many sectors has made it necessary for people to learn it especially from a younger age. To handle this situation, a short educational program was made to introduce the English language to the children in Desa Setialaksana. The target of this program was the 3rd grade students in SD Negeri Setialaksana 02. The program itself was held three times over the course of two weeks, during which the children learned basic English vocabulary and engaged in various games to hold their interest. Through this program, the students got to acquire some new basic English vocabularies which helped in introducing them to the English language. The program was able to reach its goal for the students became interested to learn the English language.

Unfolding learning difficulties in engineering drawing problem solving

ABSTRACT For several engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, architectural engineering, and others, engineering drawing (ED) is a mandatory subject. Problem solving in engineering drawing requires a complex integration of knowledge and spatial abilities. However, students don’t automatically learn these problem solving skills within the standard engineering curriculum. Identification of learning difficulties is a primary step in designing teaching-learning aids for students and teachers. While some learning challenges have been reported, there are fewer studies on identifying learning difficulties in solving these from the students’ and teachers’ perspectives. In this paper, we investigate the students’ difficulties in solving the engineering drawing problems. Here we present qualitative studies focusing on students’ learning difficulties in different engineering problem solving contexts, including data collected from five cohorts of novice learners, advanced learners, and ED teachers. The qualitative analysis of the data resulted in identifying the difficulties that students have while performing ED problem solving tasks. The identified difficulties were mainly related to knowledge deficits and challenges in performing higher order cognitive tasks. Data analysis helps to elaborate on these difficulties and discuss the relationships among them. We also discuss the implications of our results on teaching-learning of ED problem solving.

SELF-GUIDED EXPLORATION IN ENGLISH-INDONESIAN TRANSLATION CLASS

Translation holds significant importance in conveying language and culture across various linguistic and cultural contexts, being an integral part of college curricula. It is also a mandatory subject in various university programs in Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of translation education appears suboptimal, possibly due to the monotonous learning environment, lacking active translation opportunities, and overly explanatory teaching approaches. Thus, there is a need for innovative teaching methods to nurture translation skills actively. One proposed model is self-guided exploration in translation learning, which encourages students to actively engage in translating practice at their level. This study employs descriptive qualitative research to show the process and outcomes of selfguided exploration in enhancing translation skills, particularly in understanding written discourse. The findings indicate a satisfactory mean score on translation tasks, suggesting the effectiveness of selfguided exploration in improving translation proficiency.

INTEGRATING THE TECHNIQUES OF DIAGRAMMING AND GROUP DISCUSSION IN THE INSTRUCTION OF MARXIST-LENINIST PHILOSOPHY

Marxist-Leninist philosophy constitutes one of the triadic pillars within the broader framework of Marxism-Leninism, evolving concomitantly with advancements in scientific thought and the practical dynamics of the revolutionary movement of the working class. It holds the status of a mandatory subject within the curricula of higher education institutions overseen by the Ministry of Education and Training in Vietnam. This discipline imparts a scientific worldview and applies a materialist-dialectical approach to enhance cognition and pedagogy, thereby facilitating practical improvement. Hence, the instructional approach must be adaptable to ensure that lectures are comprehensible and aligned with the stated objectives. Employing a blend of teaching methodologies assists educators in effectively conveying information, facilitating a logical and cohesive understanding of the subject matter for learners. Drawing insights from research on diagramming and group discussion methods, this article formulates requisites and procedures for amalgamating diagramming with group discussion. Concurrently, it underscores certain considerations when integrating these two approaches in the pedagogy of Marxist-Leninist philosophy